1、Designation: E 1481 00a (Reapproved 2008)Standard Terminology ofRailing Systems and Rails for Buildings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1481; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re
2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This terminology consists of terms and definitionspertaining to railing systems and rails for buildings, and inparticular, t
3、erms related to the standards generated by ASTMCommittee E06 on Performance of Building Constructions.1.2 The purpose of this terminology is to provide meaningsand explanations of technical terms, written for both thetechnical expert and the non-expert user.1.3 This terminology is one of a group of
4、special terminolo-gies subsidiary to the comprehensive Terminology E 631.1.4 Terms are listed in alphabetical sequence. Compoundterms appear in the natural spoken order. Where definitionsherein are adopted from other sources, they are exact copies.The source is identified at the right margin followi
5、ng thedefinition and is listed in Section 2.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE 935 Test Methods for Performance of Permanent MetalRailing Systems and Rails for BuildingsE 985 Specification for Permanent Metal Railing Systemsand Rails for Buildings
6、2.2 ANSI/ASSE Standard:3A1264.1 Safety Requirements for Workplace Floor andWall Openings, Stairs, and Railing Systems3. Terminology3.1 Terms and Their Definitions:baluster, baluster bar, none of a series of closely spaced,upright, and parallel infill members of a balustrade, locatedbetween top rail
7、or handrail and bottom rail or tread or floorbeneath balustrade. (Synonym for picket.)baluster castingan ornamental cast element attached to abaluster.Also, cast element designed to attach baluster to topand bottom rails.baluster railing systema system consisting of posts, balus-ters, top rail, and
8、bottom rail.balustrade, na railing system consisting of a row of balus-ters capped by a rail or handrail.bottom railthe lowest member of a railing system, support-ing balusters or panels, if any.building, na structure comprising a partially or totallyenclosed space, erected by means of a planned pro
9、cess offorming and combining materials. E 631cap, na fitting or plug used to close the end of a pipe, tubularpost, newel, or rail.cap raila secondary railing element, often a handrail,fastened to the top rail of a railing system. (Synonym for railcap.)collar, nSynonym for escutcheon. E 631cover flan
10、geSynonym for escutcheon. E 631cover plateSynonym for escutcheon.cover ringSynonym for escutcheon.drop capthe cover of a railing post or newel that is exposedto view, usually below the stair stringer or floor. E 631easement, nthe curved portion of a rail and handrail forminga transition in the verti
11、cal plane between the horizontal andinclined sections of a handrail.escutcheon, na protective or ornamental cover located at thetermination of a post, baluster, or rail against a tread, floor,or wall. (Synonym for collar, cover flange, cover plate, orcover ring.)expanded metalSee screen.finial, nan
12、ornamental piece on the top of a post, newel, orrailing; frequently in the form of an urn or pineapple, and sonamed. E 631flange, na flat plate or formed piece at the end of a railing orrail element for attachment to the adjoining construction orsupporting member.grab barSynonym for grab rail. E 631
13、grab raila short length of rail located for safety or conve-nience to assist a person in movement at a specific location.(Synonym for grab bar.) E 631guardrail systema railing system, providing protection forbuilding users against accidental fall and injury, located at or1This terminology is under t
14、he jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.56on Performance of Railing Systems and Glass for Floors and Stairs.Current edition approved March 1, 2008. Published April 2008. Originallyapproved in 1992. Last previous edition ap
15、proved in 2000 as E 1481 00a.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Society
16、 of Safety Engineers (ASSE), 1800 E. OaktonSt., Des Plaines, IL 60018, http:/www.asse.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.near the outer edge of a stair, ramp, landing, platform, deck,balcony, hatchway, manhole, floor
17、 opening, porch, or acces-sible roof; at the perimeter of an opening or accessiblesurface, such as the opening of a stair; or at a location atwhich an operating condition requires access limitation to adesignated area. (Compare railing system.)handgrip, nthe part of a handrail designed to provide as
18、ecure grasp. E 631handrail, na horizontal, sloping, or vertical member nor-mally grasped by hand for guidance or support.DISCUSSIONThis member may be part of a railing system and isoften, but not necessarily, a top member (top rail), or may be mountedon a wall or other building element. When part of
19、 a stair-rail system, itis a member paralleling pitch of stair flight and is often, but notnecessarily, a top member. (Compare wall handrail.)handrail bracketa device attached to a wall, post, or othersurface to support the handrail. E 631handrail heightthe vertical distance from the top surface oft
20、he top rail to the surface of the finished floor, top of a ramp,or the nosing line of stair treads. E 631infill, na series of balusters of a baluster railing system andthe structural as well as the decorative elements, includingthe panels, mesh, or similar elements, of a panel railingsystem; located
21、 between top and bottom rails and posts; toserve the twofold purpose of (a) protecting bodies frompenetrating and falling through the baluster and panel infillareas and (b) providing a specified resistance to horizontalthrusts as are potentially encountered within the infill area.DISCUSSIONInfills s
22、hould be designed in such a way as to deterclimbing of the railing system.infill areathe field of baluster and panel railing systems,bordered by top and bottom rails and posts. E 935intermediate railone of two or more rails between the toprail and floor.kick plateSynonym for toe board. E 631lambs to
23、nguean ornamental curved or tapered fitting ter-minating a handrail, usually tapered to the tip.lateral scrolla fitting that curves in a horizontal plane, usedto terminate a handrail; often ending as a round platecovering the top of a post. E 631mid rail, na rail located between top rail and bottom
24、rail orbetween top rail and floor if there is no bottom rail.miter endingan angular or dovetailed member end, de-signed to fit an adjacent matching member, thereby provid-ing continuity of profile at the connection.newel, na decorative or structural post member at the start orend of a stair run, oft
25、en extending above a handrail; usuallysquare or rectangular in cross section, supporting the end ofa stair railing or serving as the common support for two stairrailings, often supporting a stair stringer and platform; also,the center post of a spiral stair.ogee, na molding with a profile having a d
26、ouble curveformed by a convex line turning into a concave line,resulting in an S-shape. E 631panel, na flat infill element between a top rail, bottom rail,and posts. E 631picket, nSynonym for baluster, baluster bar.pineapple, na finial in the form of a pineapple. E 631pipe, nhollow round section of
27、metal or other material, thesize of which is usually designated by nominal size, ininches (millimeters), as influenced by inside diameter andwall thickness.pipe railing systema railing system fabricated of pipe orround tubing.post, na vertical supporting member. E 631queue-rail systemSynonym for tra
28、ffic-rail system.rail, na horizontal, inclined, or vertical member of a railingsystem, such as top, intermediate, or bottom member con-necting balusters or posts, or both, at specified intervals.(Compare handrail.) E 631, E 985, A1264.1rail capSynonym for cap rail. E 631railing, nUse railing system.
29、 E 631railing returna bent at the end of a handrail, turning towardthe wall or post to which the handrail is attached.railing systema framework of horizontal, inclined, vertical,and infill members, including panels and grillwork, forprotection of building occupants against fall or injury and foroffe
30、ring safety and convenience in their movement. (Com-pare guardrail.)railing-system penetration limitationan arrangement ofrailing elements designed to prevent passage of a sphere ofspecified diameter through a railing system. E 631ramp-rail systema railing system located along the opensides of a ram
31、p. E 985screen, na perforated sheet consisting of wire mesh, wovenor welded wire fabric, or standard or flattened expandedmetal; serving as an infill panel and being an integral part ofa panel railing or guardrail system.scroll, na cast or forged ornamental spiral of convolutedshape, serving, for ex
32、ample, as a decorative panel or insert.side mounta railing-system support that anchors the post orbaluster of a railing system to a vertical or inclined surface,such as a fascia or stair stringer.spindle, na tapered baluster of circular cross-section(s),having a center diameter larger or smaller tha
33、n the diameterat its ends.stair-rail systema railing system located along the opensides of a stair or landing. (Compare guardrail, railing, orstair-rail system.) E 985, A1264.1toe boarda vertical plate at the bottom of a railing systemlocated at the open edge of a stairwell, platform, ramp, orfloor;
34、 forming a low curb to provide a barrier preventingobjects from falling beyond it. (Synonym for kick plate ortoe plate.)DISCUSSIONToe boards are normally not used for stair-rail systems.toe plateSynonym for toe board. E 631top railthe uppermost member of a railing system. E 631traffic-rail systema r
35、ailing system designed to control themovement of people and requiring special consideration forgiven use conditions. (Synonym for queue-rail system.)E 631, E 985transfer-rail systema railing system designed to supportand to permit the transfer of body weight in such locations astoilets, showers, and
36、 tub enclosures. E 631E 1481 00a (2008)2DISCUSSIONThe clearance between the rail and the face of themounting surface shall be 40 mm (1.5 in.). E 985tube/tubinghollow section of metal or other material havinga round, square, rectangular, or other cross-sectional form,its size being designated by outs
37、ide dimension(s) and wallthickness, in inches (millimeters).urn, nan ornamental vase used as a finial.volute, nan ornamental spiral or scroll-shaped form serving,for example, as the handrail termination. E 631wall bracketa bracket used for anchoring the central portionof a handrail to a wall.wall cl
38、ipa bracket used for anchoring the end of a handrailto a wall. (Synonym for wall flange.)wall flangeSynonym for wall clip.wall handraila handrail attached to a wall or other buildingelement adjacent to a stair and along landings, walkways,ramps, and corridors. (Synonym for wall rail.)DISCUSSIONWall
39、handrails shall parallel the pitch of a stair and theslope of other inclined floor surfaces.wall railSynonym for wall handrail. E 631wall railing returna bend at the end of a wall handrail,turning toward the wall to which the handrail is attached.wire fabricSee screen.wire meshSee screen.APPENDIX(No
40、nmandatory Information)X1. COMMONWEALTH AND EQUIVALENT COMMONWEALTH TERMS, AS USED IN SOME OF THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATESX1.1 wreath, nthe compound curved section of a hand-rail that provides handrail continuity and the transition of twoadjoining and diverging stair-flig
41、ht handrails. (Compare ease-ment.)X1.2 Terms used in the United States and their equivalentCommonwealth terms are given in Table X1.1.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standa
42、rd are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif
43、 not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, whi
44、ch you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,U
45、nited States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE X1.1 United States and Equivalent Commonwealth TermsU.S. TermsEquivalent CommonwealthTermsbarbed jaggedbuckled crippledclinched clenchedconnection jointdent dimplefastening fixingfinished nail head lost nail headguardrail system guardinglimit-state design capacity designputtied over stoppedE 1481 00a (2008)3
