1、Designation:E201606 Designation: E2016 11Standard Specification forIndustrial Woven Wire Cloth1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2016; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONIndustrial wire cloth can be produced in many thousands of combinations of size and shape ofopening, wire diameter, type of weave, and
3、metal. This specification covers woven wire cloth forindustrial use, including the separation of particles. Its purpose is to introduce standard terms anddefinitions, to note the normal range of specifications woven, and to establish tolerances andrequirements. This specification excludes sieve clot
4、h from its scope, since this is covered underSpecification E11. If a user has a specific application for industrial wire cloth that is not within thescope of this specification, it is recommended that the wire cloth supplier be consulted.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers industrial woven wire fa
5、bric, referred to as wire cloth, for general use including the separation ofparticles. Wire cloth can be made of any primary metal or metal alloy wire that is suitable for weaving. This specification doesnot apply to the following special types of wire cloth: filter cloth or dutch weave (seeAppendix
6、 X1), fourdrinier and cylinder cloth,galvanized hardware cloth, insect wire screening, spiral weave wire cloth, testing sieve cloth, or welded wire cloth.1.2The values stated in inch-pound units shall be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.2 The values
7、 stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with
8、 its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E29 on Particle and Spray Characterization and is
9、the direct responsibility of E29.01 on Sieves, SievingMethods, and Screening Media.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2006. Published December 2006. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E201699(2004)1. DOI:10.1520/E2016-06.Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2011. Publi
10、shed December 2011. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as E2016 06. DOI:10.1520/E2016-11.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becausei
11、t may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr
12、Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A510 Specification for General Requirements for Wire Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon SteelA555/A555M Specification for General Requirements for Stainless Steel Wire and Wire RodsE
13、11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSievesE1638 Terminology Relating to Sieves, Sieving Methods, and Screening MediaE2814 Guide for Industrial Woven Wire Filter Cloth3. Terminology3.13.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of
14、related terms, refer to Terminology E1638.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.13.2.1 aperture, nthe dimensions defining an opening in a screening surface (see also the opening in a screening or sievingmedium.3.2.2 aperture size, nthe dimension defining an opening in a screening or
15、 sieving medium (see also width opening).3.1.23.2.3 bolting cloth, na specific group of commonly used mesh and wire diameter combinations. They are covered within thisspecification.3.1.3coatingswire cloth meeting a group of specifications that are typical for higher sifting capacities and which can
16、speedthe bolting action of vibratory screening machines, manufactured based on using a limited number of wire diameters for a largegroup of mesh designations.3.2.3.1 Discussion“Bolting Grade” designations are often misused; and should not be specified without a wire diameter, asthe designations have
17、 become non-standard.3.2.4 firmness, nthe wire used for weaving wire cloth can be coated, plated, or in some other way finished prior to weaving,or wire cloth can be specified coated after weaving. Consult with a supplier as to the applicability of this specification. Examplesof possible coatings in
18、clude, but are not limited to, metallic plated, such as, copper, nickel, tin, and so forth, painted, orepoxy-coated or galvanized-steel wire cloth that has been coated with zinc either before or after weaving.3.1.4Types of Crimps:3.1.4.1crimp, nthe corrugation in the warp or shute wire, or both. The
19、 crimp in the wires is formed either during the weavingprocess, or with a crimping machine prior to weaving. If formed during the weaving process, the tension existing between the warpand shute wires fundamentally determines the respective amount or depth of crimp, which locks the wires in place and
20、 in partestablishes the firmness of the wire cloth.3.1.4.2double crimp, adjwire cloth woven with approximately equal corrugations in both the warp and shute wires to lock thewires in position (see Fig. 1).3.1.4.3flat top, adjwire cloth with deep crimps, as in lock crimp, except that all crimps are o
21、n the underside of the cloth,leaving the top surface all in one plane. Sometimes designated smooth top (see Fig. 2).3.1.4.4intermediate crimp, adjprecrimped wire cloth with extra crimps or corrugations between the points or intersection;sometimes designated intercrimp or multiple crimp. The warp, or
22、 shute wires, or both, may be intermediate crimped (see Fig. 3).3.1.4.5lock crimp, adjprecrimped wire cloth with deep crimps at points of intersection to lock the wires securely in place (seeFig. 4).3.1.4.6precrimp, adjwire cloth woven with both the warp and shute wires crimped before weaving.3.1.4.
23、7triple shute, adjwire cloth woven with three shute wires inserted adjacent to each other, often constructed inconformance with precrimp rectangular.3.1.5market gradea subjective term referring to the planar rigidity of wire cloth (as a roll good, not mounted in a frame).3.2.4.1 DiscussionFirmness i
24、s established by the tensile strength of the material, the relationship of the mesh to wirediameters, the type of weave, and amount of crimp in the wires. The absence of firmness in wire cloth is termed sleaziness.3.2.5 market grade wire cloth, na specific group of commonly used mesh and wire diamet
25、er combinations. They are coveredwithin this specification.3.1.6wire cloth meeting a group of specifications that are typical for use in the general industrial market, manufactured basedon using a different wire diameter for each of the common mesh designations.3.2.5.1 Discussion“Market Grade” desig
26、nations are often misused; and should not be specified without a wire diameter, asthe designations have become non-standard.3.2.6 mesh, nthe number of wires or openings per linear inch (25.4 mm), counted from the center of any wire to a pointexactly 1 in. (25.4 mm) distant, including the fractional
27、distance between either thereof.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.E2016 1123.1.7mill grade3.2
28、.7 mill grade wire cloth, na specific group of commonly used mesh and wire diameter combinations. They are coveredwithin this specification.3.1.8wire cloth meeting a group of specifications that are typical for milling grain and other light screening, manufacturedbased on using a different wire diam
29、eter for each of the common mesh designations.3.2.7.1 Discussion“Mill Grade” designations are often misused; and should not be specified without a wire diameter, as thedesignations have become non-standard.3.2.8 percent open area, nthe ratio of the area of the openings to the total area expressed as
30、 a percentage. The theoreticalpercent open areapercentage, that theoretically can be calculated as follows:OA 5 12MwDw!12MsDs!100! (1)FIG. 1 5 Double CrimpE2016 113where:OA = the percent open area; area,Mw= the mesh warp; the mesh warp,Ms= the mesh shute; the mesh shute,Dw= the diameter warp wire; a
31、nd, the diameter warp wire, andDs= the diameter shute wire.3.1.93.2.9 rectangular (off-count) mesh, neither precrimp or double crimp wire cloth having a different number of wires in thewarp and shute, producing rectangular openings. Theopenings; the diameter of the warp and shute wires may be the sa
32、me ordifferent.3.1.103.2.10 screen, na surface provided with apertures of uniform size and shape; another term used interchangeably forwoven wire cloth.3.1.11(1) a surface provided with apertures of uniform size and shape; (2) another term used interchangeably for woven wirecloth; and (3) a machine
33、provided with one or more screen surfaces.FIG. 2 6 Smooth TopE2016 1143.2.11 selvage, nthe edge or border of wire cloth finished off so as to prevent unraveling. E; examples of finished edgesinclude looped selvage (see Fig. 51), folded selvage (see Fig. 6Fig. 2), cut and tucked (see Fig. 7Fig. 3), w
34、elded, plastic bonded,and bent-back picket, as opposed to a raw or cut edge (see Fig. 8Fig. 4).3.1.123.2.12 shute wires, nthe wires running the short way of, or across the cloth as woven (also referred to as the shoot, fill, orweft wires).3.1.133.2.13 sieve cloth, nwire cloth specified by width of o
35、pening based approximately on the fourth root of 2 Series. Sieve clothis used generally for the determination of particle size as opposed to the separation of particles. This specification excludes sievecloth from the scope, because it is covered under Specification woven wire cloth conforming to Sp
36、ecification E11.3.1.143.2.13.1 DiscussionSieve cloth is generally used for the determination of particle size as opposed to the separation ofparticles.FIG.37Intermediate CrimpE2016 1153.2.14 sleaziness, nwire cloth that does not exhibit firmness.3.2.15 space cloth, nwire cloth that is designated by
37、the width of the open spaces between the inside faces of adjacent parallelwires, expressed in inches or the metric equivalent (see 4.2 for the normal range of space cloth specifications).3.1.153.2.16 square mesh, nwire cloth having the same number of wires in both the warp and shute.3.1.16Types of W
38、eaves:3.1.16.1herringbone twill, adj3.2.17 Types of Crimps:3.2.17.1 crimp, nthe corrugation in the warp or shute wire, or both.3.2.17.2 DiscussionThe crimp in the wires is formed either during the weaving process, or with a crimping machine prior toweaving. If formed during the weaving process, the
39、tension existing between the warp and shute wires fundamentally determinesthe respective amount or depth of crimp, which locks the wires in place and in part establishes the firmness of the wire cloth.FIG. 4 8 Lock CrimpE2016 116FIG. 5 1 Looped EdgeE2016 1173.2.17.3 double crimp wire cloth, nwire cl
40、oth woven with approximately equal corrugations in both the warp and shute wiresto lock the wires in position (see Fig. 5).3.2.17.4 flat top wire cloth, nwire cloth with deep crimps, as in lock crimp, except that all crimps are on the underside of thecloth, leaving the top surface all in one plane.3
41、.2.17.5 DiscussionSometimes designated smooth top (see Fig. 6).3.2.17.6 intermediate crimp wire cloth, nprecrimped wire cloth with extra crimps or corrugations between the points orintersection.3.2.17.7 DiscussionSometimes designated intercrimp or multiple crimp (see Fig. 7).3.2.17.8 lock crimp wire
42、 cloth, nprecrimped wire cloth with deep crimps at points of intersection to lock the wires securelyin place (see Fig. 8).3.2.17.9 precrimp wire cloth, nwire cloth woven with both the warp and shute wires crimped before weaving.3.2.17.10 triple shute wire cloth, nwire cloth woven with three shute wi
43、res inserted adjacent to each other, often constructedin conformance with precrimp rectangular.3.2.18 Types of Weaves:3.2.18.1 herringbone twill, nwire cloth in which the direction of a twilled weave is reversed at regular intervals to producea striped or herringbone effect.3.1.16.2plain, adj3.2.18.
44、2 plain, nwire cloth in which the warp wires and shute wires pass over one and under one wire in both directions (seeFig. 9).3.1.16.3twill, adj3.2.18.3 twill, nwire cloth in which the warp wires and shute wires pass over two and under two wires in both directions (seeFig. 10).3.1.173.2.19 warp wires
45、, nthe wires running the long way of the cloth as woven.3.1.183.2.20 weight per unit area, nthe weight per square foot for wire cloth can be approximated (without consideration for crimp)by the following equation:Wt/ft2512 Mw12p Dw2/4! r! 1 12 Ms12p Ds2/4! r! (2)FIG. 6 2 Folded EdgeE2016 118where:Wt
46、/ft2= the weight (lb/ft2); ),Mw= the mesh warp (number of wires per inch); inch),Ms= the mesh shute (number of wires per inch); inch),Dw= the diameter warp wire (decimal parts of an inch); inch),Ds= the diameter shute wire (decimal parts of an inch); inch),r = the density of material (lb/in.3) (0.28
47、36 for plain or carbon steel); and, steel), andp = the constant 3.1416,which for square mesh wire cloth with the same wire diameter in both the warp and shute reduces to:Wt/ft25 72prMD2which further reduces for plain steel to:Wt/ft25 64.15 MD22E2016-11_3FIG. 7 3 Cut and Tucked EdgeFIG. 8 4 Raw or Cu
48、t EdgeE2016 119where:Wt/ft2= the weight (lb/ft2) per square foot; foot,M = the mesh (number of wires per inch); and, inch), andD = the diameter wire (decimal parts of an inch).See3.2.20.1 DiscussionSee Table 1 for a listing of conversion factors from plain steel for various other metals and alloys.
49、Thetheoretical mass/unit area can be similarly calculated with SI units or an approximate multiplier factor of 4.8824 can be used toobtain kg/m2.3.1.193.2.21 width opening, ndistance between two parallel adjacent warp or shute wires, measured in the projected plane.3.2.21.1 DiscussionThe theoretical width of an opening in the direction of interest can be calculated by subtracting thenominal wire diameter from the reciprocal of the mesh in that direction as follows:Opn 5 1/M! 2 D (3)FIG. 9 Plain Square
