1、Designation: F137 08 (Reapproved 2018)Standard Test Method forFlexibility of Resilient Flooring Materials with CylindricalMandrel Apparatus1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F137; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the cas
2、e of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This
3、test method covers the determination of the flex-ibility of resilient flooring materials by means of cylindricalmandrel apparatus. It is especially applicable to sheet goodsand some tiles.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mat
4、hematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, heal
5、th, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of Internat
6、ional Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodF141 Terminology Relating to Resil
7、ient Floor Coverings3. Terminology3.1 For definitions, refer to Terminology F141.4. Significance and Use4.1 Flexibility is that property of a material which allows itto be deformed by bending or rolling without cracking,breaking, or other permanent defects, using whatever force isnecessary to bend o
8、r roll it. Flexibility is an importantcharacteristic of flooring in that it provides for ease of handlingin rolling, cutting, and fitting.5. Apparatus5.1 Flexibility Test Equipment, consisting of mandrels, thatis, cylindrical rods with circular cross sections having outsidediameters of 0.25 in. (6.4
9、 mm) and 0.50 to 5 in. (12.7 to 127mm) increasing in increments of 0.5 in. (12.7 mm). Thecontacting faces of the rods shall be a minimum of 2.5 in. (63.5mm) in length.5.2 Stand or Other Device, to firmly support the mandrel ina horizontal position during the test.5.3 Conditioning Area, capable of ma
10、intaining 73.4 6 1.8F(23 6 1C) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity.5.4 Die, Knife, or Similar Instrument to prepare test speci-mens with uniform smooth edges.6. Test Specimen6.1 The test specimens shall consist of a portion of thematerial 2 6 0.05 in. (50 6 1.27 mm) wide and at least 9 in.(225 mm) long.6
11、.2 Use a die, knife, or other similar instrument to preparethe specimen and to produce uniform smooth edges. Do nottest specimens with nicked or fractured edges.7. Conditioning7.1 Condition the test specimens for at least 24 h at 73.4 61.8F (23 6 1C) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity, and test inthe sa
12、me environment. Alternatively, testing may be performedat room temperature in an uncontrolled environment if carriedout within 5 min.7.2 Specimens shall be conditioned on a flat surface. Ifnecessary, they can be weighted to remove all curvature.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Comm
13、ittee F06 on ResilientFloor Coverings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F06.20 on TestMethods - Products Construction/Materials.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2018. Published October 2018. Originallyapproved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as F137-08 (2013). DOI:10.1
14、520/F0137-08R18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor
15、 Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendation
16、s issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.18. Procedure8.1 In the actual flexing of the specimen, place the specimenover a mandrel with the wearing surface face out and the majoraxis of the specimen perpendicular to the major axis of themandrel.8.2 Bend the
17、 material around the mandrel at a uniform ratethrough a 180 angle while holding the specimen at each end.Take3to5stocomplete the bend. Maintain a good contactbetween specimen and mandrel.8.3 Examine the specimen face visually in the bent positionfor breaks, cracks, or other damage at the completion
18、of thebending operation. When required by the detailed specification,straighten the specimen at the same rate at which it was bentand examine the back for the same faults.8.4 When a mandrel of particular diameter has beenspecified, as for a purchase specification, use that mandrel.8.5 Determine the
19、smallest mandrel around which the ma-terial may be bent without showing breaks, cracks, or otherdamage. To do this, estimate the size of the mandrel over whichthe specimen will not break. Then use a series of mandrels,each one consecutively smaller than the first, until breaks orcracks are exhibited
20、. Start with a fresh specimen for eachseparate flex.8.6 The exact number of test on a specified mandrel (8.4)orof the smallest mandrel around which the material will notbreak (8.5) shall be as specified in the given purchaserspecification. In any case, make at least two separate determi-nations with
21、 the long dimension of the specimen parallel to themachine direction or grain of the material and two separatedeterminations with the long dimension perpendicular to themachine direction (MD) of the material.NOTE 1When the MD cannot be determined by the appearance of thematerial, two specimens shall
22、 be cut parallel to one edge of the materialand two perpendicular to that set. Report that a MD could not bedetermined.8.7 Repeat 8.1, 8.4, and 8.6 or 8.1, 8.5, and 8.6 with thespecimen face inside against the mandrel. Examine the back,while the specimen is still in the bent position, for cracks,bre
23、aks, or other damage. Then straighten the specimens andexamine the wearing surface. Use untested specimens for theface inward part of the test.9. Precautions9.1 When comparing materials the thicknesses should beapproximately the same.9.2 Avoid warming the specimens by hand.9.3 Be careful in handling
24、 the specimens so that they are notflexed before testing.10. Report10.1 When the material is required to pass a specifiedmandrel, report the passing or failing of each specimen relativeto this mandrel. The passing criteria is that neither the face northe back may exhibit breaks, cracks, or other per
25、manentdamage (a different size mandrel may be specified for machineand cross-machine direction).10.2 If no mandrel diameter is specified, report the smallestmandrel around which the material may be bent withoutshowing breaks, cracks, or other permanent damage. Averagethe determinations in each direc
26、tion (machine and crossmachine) and report separately.11. Precision and Bias311.1 The precision for this test method was determined onfour different materials including, homogeneous sheet vinyl,inlaid sheet vinyl, linoleum sheet and solid vinyl tile. Materialswere tested in both a face-in and face-o
27、ut orientaition, but inthe machine direction (MD) only.11.2 The number of laboratories, materials, and determina-tions in this study meets the minimum requirements fordetermining precision prescribed in Practice E691.This Study Practice E691 minimumLaboratories: 6 6Materials: 8 4Determinations: 3 21
28、1.3 Precision, characterized by repeatability, Sr, r, andreproducibility, SR, R has been determined and listed in Table1.11.4 BiasNo information can be presented on the bias ofthe test method procedure because material having an acceptedreference value is unavailable.12. Keywords12.1 cracks; flexibi
29、lity; flooring; mandrel; resilient3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:F06-1008.TABLE 1 Precision DataNOTE 1Materials A and B passed at the smallest mandrel with 100 %agreement in test results.Materials AverageASrBSRC
30、rDREMaterial A 0.25000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000Material B 0.25000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000Material C 1.13889 0.05893 0.20750 0.16499 0.58100Material D 0.41667 0.00000 0.12910 0.00000 0.36148Material E 0.90278 0.10206 0.27344 0.28577 0.76563Material F 1.250000 0/13176 0.26960 0.36893 0.
31、75489Material G 1.27778 0.11785 0.28382 0.32998 0.79470Material H 1.84722 0.13176 0.62491 0.36893 1.74974AAverage is the numerical average of test results for all replicates from alllaboratories.BSr is the within-laboratory standard deviation of the average.Cr = 2.83 Sr.DSR is the between-laboratory
32、 standard deviation of the average.ER=2.83SR.Repeatability = In comparing two average values for the same material obtainedby the same operator using the same equipment on the same day, the meansshould be judged not equivalent if they differ by more than the r value for thatmaterial and condition.Re
33、producibility = In comparing two average values for the same materialobtained by different equipment on different days, the means should be judged notequivalent if they differ by more than the R value for that material and condition.(This applies between different laboratories or between different e
34、quipment withinthe same laboratory.) These judgments will have an approximate 0.95 (95%)probability of being correct. Other material may give somewhat different results.For further information on the methodology used, consult Practice E691.F137 08 (2018)2ASTM International takes no position respecti
35、ng the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This stand
36、ard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Internation
37、al Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.T
38、his standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 08 (2018)3
