1、Designation: F 302 04Standard Practice forField Sampling of Aerospace Fluids in Containers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 302; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numb
2、er in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers field sampling of fluids fromhermetically sealed containers and other fluid containers of208-L (55-gal) volume maximu
3、m. It may be utilized atmanufacturing, storage, or use levels for obtaining representa-tive fluid samples for chemical, physical, or particulate matterdeterminations.1.2 Use of this practice depends upon variables such as fluidtoxicity, restrictive fluid odors, fluid flammability, and so forth.It is
4、 suitable for most hydraulic fluids; however, care should beexercised in determining compatibility before use.21.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety c
5、oncerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For hazard state-ment, see 6.5.1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D
6、1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD 1836 Specification for Commercial HexanesD 2021 Specification for Neutral Detergent, 40 PercentAlkylbenzene Sulfonate Type4D 4898 Test Method for Insoluble Contamination of Hy-draulic Fluids by Gravimetric AnalysisF 311 Practice for Processing Aerospace Liquid S
7、amples forParticulate Contamination Analysis Using Membrane Fil-tersF 314 Test Method for Identification of Metallic and Fi-brous Contaminants in Aerospace Fluids42.2 DoD Standard:5MIL-C-81302 Cleaning Compound Solvent Trichlorotrif-luoroethane3. Summary of Practice3.1 The minimum requirements for c
8、ontainer agitation,sample withdrawal, and sample transfer are given in thispractice. Precautions to ensure sampling reliability are in-cluded in the procedure to the extent required by normalprocessing conditions. The procedure involves agitating thecontainer, withdrawing with a suitable instrument
9、capable ofcreating a vacuum, a predetermined quantity of fluid, andimmediately transferring it to a vessel, properly identified, tohold for analysis by a stipulated method.4. Significance and Use4.1 Samples obtained by use of this practice are intended forprocessing in accordance with Practice F 311
10、, Test MethodD 4898, and Test Method F 314, and other chemical orphysical methods of analysis.5. Apparatus5.1 Pipet, volumetric transfer or equivalent rubber-bulbtype. A taper-jointed type, as shown in Fig. 1, 560 mm (22 in.)long, calibrated to deliver 100 mL at 20C, is also acceptable.This type pro
11、vides for ease of maintenance by being separableat the midpoint of the bulb.NOTE 1The volume capacities selected for the pipet and samplebottles shall be as required for the sample volume desired. Normally a 1006 5-mL sample is standard, which would require a capacity of approxi-mately 125 mL. Unles
12、s otherwise indicated, it is intended that a samplevolume of 100 6 5 mL be used for accomplishing the methods definedherein.5.2 Bottles, sample, wide-mouth type (Note 1).5.3 Solvent Filtering DispenserAn apparatus to dispensea stream of 2.0 m or finer membrane-filtered fluid.5.4 Vinylidene Chloride,
13、 Polyethylene Terephthalate, orPolyamide Sheet, 0.1 mm (4-mil) min.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E21 on SpaceSimulation and Applications of Space Technology and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee E21.05 on Contamination.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2004. Pu
14、blished September 2004. Originallyapproved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as F 302 78 (2000).2Where a special environment is required, a Proposed Laboratory Method forSampling Aerospace Fluids in Containers is under development in the committee.For further information write to B. R.
15、 Hall, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 LSt., N.W., Washington, D. C. 20005.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on
16、the ASTM website.4Withdrawn.5Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS. Also available fromDoD ASSIST website, http:/assist.daps.dla.mil/online/start.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C
17、700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.5 Beverage Can Opener (Unplated), sharpened, de-burred.6. Reagents6.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended thatall reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Com
18、mit-tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society,where such specifications are available.6Other grades may beused, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is ofsufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening theaccuracy of the determination.6.2 Purity of WaterUn
19、less otherwise indicated, referencesto water shall be understood to mean reagent water conformingto Specification D 1193.6.3 Detergent, free-rinsing. Material conforming to Specifi-cation D 2021 is suitable.6.4 Isopropyl Alcohol, acetone-free.76.5 Ligroine (Petroleum Ether), 30 to 60C.6.5.1 WarningL
20、igroine and hexane are highly flammableand should be handled with adequate precautions.NOTE 2Ligroine is suggested because of its high-evaporation rate andrelatively negligible residue (0.001 %). Other solvents are acceptable asrequired by the sampling activity, when a comparable evaporation andresi
21、due is considered, such as commercial hexanes (see SpecificationD 1836), trichlorotrifluoroethane conforming to MIL-C-81302, and soforth. In any case, reagent selected should not have a harmful effect on thesampling apparatus, sampled fluid, or the equipment to be used inprocessing the sample, or bo
22、th.7. Preparations of Apparatus and Reagents7.1 Apparatus used in this practice shall be prepared by areliable process for assurance of essentially contamination-freesurfaces.NOTE 3It is recommended that a process shall be used as described inTest Method D 4898 or Practice F 311.7.2 Reagents used in
23、 this practice shall be suitably filteredand stored to maintain a level of refinement equivalent to thehighest attainable as required by the product evaluation methodof determination.8. Procedure8.1 Select at random representative containers of fluid to besampled. When defined, selection shall be as
24、 required by thetest method. A suggested cube-root sampling quantity is shownin Table 1. Alternative plans may be based on the pastexperience and judgment of the sampling activity. Quantitiesexceeding those given in Table 1 should be determined by thecube-root method.8.2 Having selected the containe
25、rs to be sampled, prepareand sample each one individually.8.3 Agitate the fluid container as required to assure safetyand completeness of sampling of the particulate matter. Themethod used shall depend on the height of the container, thefluid viscosity, and the particle size, as related in Fig. 2. F
26、irst,the container shall be inverted for a period of time sufficient forthe particles of the predominant size to fall half the height ofthe container. This time shall be determined as follows: thefluid viscosity at the temperature of sampling shall be esti-mated and an appropriate diagonal line on F
27、ig. 2 selected. Thepredominant particle size will probably be known from pastexperience; if not, 20 m may be used as a preliminaryestimate. The settling time shall then be read from Fig. 2 for a1-L (1-qt) container, and the size factor applied if necessary.Any situation not covered by the chart may
28、be calculated fromStokes law. The time may turn out to be burdensome in somespecial cases; warming the container would be permissible insuch cases provided it will not cause solution of plastic, etc.,which might change the particle count. After the inversionperiod, the container shall be placed on i
29、ts side and rolledslowly five turns. It shall then be rolled in the oppositedirection for five turns and returned to an upright position. Thesample shall be drawn within one half the inversion time, afteragitation is completed.NOTE 4Hermetically sealed containers of 3.8 L (1 gal) or less may beshake
30、n by hand or by mechanical vibration for a minimum of 30 s.8.4 Utilizing the filtered ligroine (petroleum ether) (Note 2),dispensed from a washing bottle, carefully wash surface areas6Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, AmericanChemical Society, Washington, DC. For Suggestio
31、ns on the testing of reagents notlisted by the American Chemical Society, see Annual Standards for LaboratoryChemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeiaand National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,MD.7Material conforming to USP XVII,
32、p. 995, is suitable.FIG. 1 Separable PipetTABLE 1 Sample PlanQuantity of Containers Sample1to10 111 to 30 331 to 70 471 to 150 5151 to 210 6210 to 530 8531 to 1170 10F302042of the container that may be exposed to the sampling areaselected. The container bung or other areas capable of ad-versely infl
33、uencing the accuracy of the sampling apparatuswhich come in contact with the fluid to be sampled, shall berinsed with filtered ligroine immediately prior to opening thecontainer.8.5 To open a hermetically-sealed container, lay it on its sideand quickly puncture the lowest point of the container. Thi
34、s isaccomplished utilizing a beverage-type can opener (unplated),or equivalent. Allow approximately 300 to 500 mL of fluid toflow from the opening prior to placing the container in anupright position. Cover the top of the container with a plasticsheet to preserve cleanliness. (The sheet shall be pre
35、viouslycleaned.) To obtain a sample, select a sample bottle prepared asdescribed in Section 6. Remove the cap from the sample bottleand lay the container to be sampled on its side allowing freeflow of the fluid. Place the bottle in the container effluent andcollect the required sample volume. Immedi
36、ately cover thesample bottle and return the container to an upright positionand recover it. Identify the sample bottle.8.6 Withdraw the sample from the drum-type containers asfollows: Select a suitable volumetric pipet, prepared as de-scribed in Section 7, and withdraw sufficient fluid from theconta
37、iner opening to fill it. Cover the container opening,discard this volume of fluid, and withdraw an additionalvolume of fluid as required for the sample volume desired.Cover the container and transfer the fluid to a sample bottleprepared as described in Section 7. Identify the sample bottleas require
38、d. The method described in this paragraph is suitableas an alternative method for sample withdrawal from hermeti-cally sealed containers.NOTE 5The method selected shall be accomplished sequentially andas quickly as possible to avert extraneous contamination of the containeror sampling apparatus, or
39、both.9. Precision and Bias9.1 The reproducibility and repeatability of the resultsobtained with these sampling techniques depend on the exer-cise of good workmanship and care. When performing theprocedures described in this method, care must be taken tominimize the effects of the working environment
40、 and samplingapparatus contamination. Both precision and accuracy arefundamentally limited by the Poisson distribution of sampling,which causes the standard deviation of the number of particlescollected to be a function of the square root of the total numberof particles collected, in any given categ
41、ory.10. Keywords10.1 aerospace fluids; fluid analysis; fluid sampling; par-ticles in fluidsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination
42、 of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdraw
43、n. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your co
44、mments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).FIG. 2 Inversion Time Required to Distribute Particles in a ClosedContainerF302043
