1、Designation: F1869 11Standard Test Method forMeasuring Moisture Vapor Emission Rate of ConcreteSubfloor Using Anhydrous Calcium Chloride1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1869; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case
2、of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determinationof the rate of moisture vapor emitted f
3、rom below-grade,on-grade, and above-grade (suspended) bare concrete floors.1.2 This test shall not be used to evaluate the rate ofmoisture vapor emitted by lightweight or gypsum concretefloors containing lightweight aggregate.1.3 This test shall not be used to evaluate moisture vaporemissions over c
4、oatings on concrete or through reactivepenetrants or over patching or leveling compounds.1.4 This quantity of moisture shall be expressed as the rateof moisture vapor emission, measured in pounds of moistureover a 1000 ft2area during a 24-h period.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
5、regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the
6、user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices, and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E1745 Specification for Plastic Water Vapor Retarders Usedin Contact with Soil or Granular Fill under Concre
7、te SlabsE1993 Specification for Bituminous Water Vapor RetardersUsed in Contact with Soil or Granular Fill Under ConcreteSlabsF141 Terminology Relating to Resilient Floor Coverings2.2 Resilient Floor Covering Institute Standard:3Recommended Work Practices2.3 Military Standard:4MIL-PRF-131 Barrier Ma
8、terials, Waterproof, Greaseproof,Flexible, Heat-Sealable2.4 ICRI Guide:5ICRI Technical Guideline 310.1-1997 Selecting and Speci-fying Concrete Surface Preparation for Sealers, Coatings,and Polymer Overlays3. Terminology3.1 Definitions: See Terminology F141 for definitions of theterms, above-grade (s
9、uspended), below-grade, concrete, on-grade, and resilient flooring.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 moisture vapor emission rate (MVER)amount ofwater vapor in pounds emitted from a 1000 ft2area of concreteflooring during a 24-h period (multiply by 56.51 to convert tog/s m2).4
10、. Significance and Use4.1 Use this test method to obtain a quantitative valueindicating the rate of moisture vapor emission from the surfaceof a concrete floor and whether or not that floor is acceptableto receive resilient floor covering. The moisture vapor emissionrate only reflects the condition
11、of the concrete floor at the timeof the test. All concrete subfloors emit some amount ofmoisture in vapor form. Concrete moisture emission is anatural process driven by environmental conditions. All floorcoverings are susceptible to failure from excessive moisturevapor emissions. The moisture vapor
12、emitted from a concreteslab is measured in pounds. This measurement is the equivalentweight of water evaporating from 1000 ft2of concrete surfacein a 24h period. The calcium chloride moisture test has beenthe industry standard for making this determination and is apractical, well-established and acc
13、epted test of dynamic mois-ture. It will produce quantified results directly applicable toflooring manufacturers specifications. The results obtained1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F06 on ResilientFloor Coverings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F06.40 on
14、Practices.Current edition approved July 1, 2011. Published August 2011. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as F186910. DOI:10.1520/F1869-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For An
15、nual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Resilient Floor Covering Institute, 966 Hungerford Drive, Suite12-B, Rockville, MD 20850.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins
16、Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.5Available from International Concrete Repair Institute, International ConcreteRepair Institute 3 166 S. River Road, Suite 132, Des Plaines, IL 60018;,www.icri.org1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 1
17、9428-2959, United States.reflect the condition of the concrete floor surface at the time oftesting and may not indicate future conditions.5. Apparatus5.1 Test Unit Contents:5.1.1 Cylindrical Plastic Dish with Lid Containing Anhy-drous Calcium Chloride, heat sealed in a heat sealable bagmeeting the l
18、atest version of MIL-PRF-131, Class 1 or 2, toprotect from moisture intrusion.5.1.1.1 Anhydrous calcium chloride shall be in the form ofprilled beads and shall have a minimum purity of 94 %. Netweight of the anydrous calcium chloride shall be 16 6 1g.5.1.1.2 Dish shall be made of a material that doe
19、s not absorbmoisture. Dimensions of the dish shall be 2.7 6 0.08 in. (69 62 mm) outside diameter as measured at the bottom area of thedish that contacts the floor, 0.6 to 0.8 in. (15 to 20 mm) heightwithout cover, wall thickness less than 0.08 in. (2 mm). Dishshall be supplied with a tight-fitting l
20、id. The lid shall be securedto the dish with pressure-sensitive-adhesive backed vinyl tapethat does not absorb moisture, or a mechanical seal shall beprovided such as a screw-top or snap-top lid.5.1.2 Pressure Sensitive Label, to be used to identify thecontainer of calcium chloride and to record the
21、 date, time, andcontainer weight when the test is started and completed.5.1.3 Transparent Cover, with 0.5 in. (12 mm) flangesaround the perimeter, approximately 0.5 ft2(460 6 46 cm2), asmeasured between the inside of the flanges, is required to sealthe test area of the floor. The transparent cover s
22、hall have adepth greater than the height of the dish of anhydrous calciumchloride. The height of the transparent cover shall be 1.5 in. 60.125 (38 6 3.2 mm).5.1.4 Strip of Sealant, to secure the plastic cover to the floorin an airtight fashion.5.1.5 Brightly Colored Warning Label, to be placed on th
23、etransparent cover as a protective warning while the test is beingconducted.5.1.6 Optional Mailing Bag, for the return of the sample tothe party responsible for weighing the dish and calculating thetest results.5.2 Gram Scale, capable of measuring 60.1 g. This scalewill be used to weigh the calcium
24、chloride dish at the start andend of the test. On-site measurement is preferred to mailing thecontainer back to the supplier for results.5.3 Thermometer, capable of measuring room temperature.5.4 Hygrometer, capable of measuring the relative humidityof the test site.6. Conditioning6.1 The test site
25、should be at the same temperature andhumidity expected during normal use. If this is not possible,then the test conditions shall be 75 6 10F (23.9 6 5.5C) and50 6 10 % relative humidity. Maintain these conditions 48 hprior to, and during testing. For floors intended to be used athigh or low temperat
26、ures or humidity (such as cold storagerooms), the test site must be within the temperature andhumidity range given above, not at the anticipated servicetemperature or humidity.6.2 Prior to placement of the anhydrous calcium chloridetests, the actual test area shall be clean and free of all foreignsu
27、bstances. All residual adhesives, curing compounds, sealers,paints, floor coverings, etc. shall be removed. Removal shall beaccomplished using approved OSHA work practices. Forremoval of existing resilient floorings or residual adhesive,strictly observe the Warning that follows and Notes 1 and 2.(Wa
28、rningDo not sand, dry sweep, dry scrape, drill, saw,beadblast, or mechanically chip or pulverize existing resilientflooring, backing, lining felt, or asphaltic cut-back adhesives.These products may contain either asbestos fibers or crystallinesilica. Avoid creating dust. Inhalation of such dust is a
29、 cancerand respiratory tract hazard. Smoking by individuals exposedto asbestos fibers greatly increases the risk of serious bodilyharm. Unless positively certain that the product containsnon-asbestos material, presume it contains asbestos. Regula-tions may require that the material be tested to dete
30、rmineasbestos content. RFCIs recommended work practices are adefined set of instructions addressed to the task of removing allresilient floor covering structures whether or not they containasbestos. When RFCIs recommended work practices arefollowed, resilient floor covering structures that contain (
31、or arepresumed to contain) asbestos can be removed in a manner thatwill comply with the current occupational exposure to asbestosstandards permissible exposure limits (PEL) issued by theOccupational Safety and Health Administrations (OSHA).NOTE 1Various federal, state, and local government agencies
32、haveregulations covering the removal of asbestos-containing material. Ifconsidering the removal of resilient floor covering or asphaltic cut-backadhesive that contains or is presumed to contain asbestos, review andcomply with the applicable regulations.NOTE 2Certain paints may contain lead. Exposure
33、 to excessiveamounts of lead dust presents a health hazard. Refer to applicable federal,state, and local laws and “Lead-based Paint: Interim Guidelines forHazard Identification and Abatement in Public and Indian Housing”6regarding: (1) appropriate methods for identifying lead-based paint andremoving
34、 of such paint, and (2) any licensing, certification, and trainingrequirements for persons performing lead abatement work. (Use onlyqualified of certified lead abatement contractors to remove lead-basedpaint.)7. Procedure7.1 Remove floor coverings or coatings, if present. Lightlygrind an area 20 by
35、20 in. (50 by 50 cm) to produce a surfaceprofile equal to ICRI CSP-1 to CSP-2 (see ICRI TechnicalGuideline 310.1-1997). Grinding should remove a thin layer ofthe finished concrete but not expose coarse aggregate, unlessthe surface had been abrasively treated previously. A vacuumequipped with a suita
36、ble filter and grinder equipped with a dustshroud may be required to reduce airborne dust from grinding.Expose a minimum area of 20 by 20 in. (50 by 50 cm) toconditions specified in 6.1 and 6.2 for a minimum period of 24h prior to starting each test. New concrete and/or concretefloors that have had
37、floor coverings or coatings removed for atleast 30 days prior to testing can be ground and tested withoutthis waiting period, provided the conditions of 6.1 have beenmet.7.1.1 Weigh the dish of anhydrous calcium chloride, includ-ing the tape used to seal the container, the container lid, and the6Ava
38、ilable from U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Wash-ington, DC. Use September 1990 or subsequent editions.F1869 112label which should be affixed to the lid. Record the weight tothe nearest 0.1 g on the container label along with the startingtime to the nearest 614 h.7.1.2 If not provi
39、ded by the CaCl2(calcium chloride) test kitmanufacturer, obtain the actual area of the test site. Measurethe length and width of the plastic cover between the inside ofthe flanges, and multiply to obtain the area. Measure thebottom of the dish containing the CaCl2to obtain the radius. Tocalculate th
40、e area of the dish, use the following equation:A 5pr2(1)where:p = 3.14Deduct the area of the dish from the area of the transparentcover. Record this as the actual test area. This will be used tomake the final calculation at the end of the test.7.2 Apply the sealant to the flanges of the transparent
41、coverin a continuous bead. If the sealant has been preinstalled by thekit manufacturer, expose by peeling off the protective covering.The purpose of the sealant is to form an airtight seal around theperimeter of the transparent cover.7.3 Carefully remove the sealing tape from the calciumchloride dis
42、h, if provided, and attach it to the side of thetransparent cover. This tape will be used again to reseal thedish. Remove the dish lid and invert it under the dish. Set thedish (in the inverted lid) onto the concrete surface.(CautionDo not spill any of the calcium chloride from thedish. If spillage
43、occurs, discard the dish and perform the testwith a new dish of anhydrous calcium chloride.Immediately place the transparent cover over the calciumchloride dish. Firmly press down on the covers flangescompressing the sealant providing an airtight seal around thecover.7.4 After test has been in place
44、 for 60-72 h, remove theplastic cover. It may be best to cut the top open with a razorblade so the dish can be easily retrieved. Replace the lid on thedish and immediately reseal using the original sealing tape.Immediately reweigh the sealed container. Record the newweight, the date, and time the te
45、st was stopped. Record wheretest dish will be weighed if re-weighing is not performed at thetest site.NOTE 3If test dish is to be return-mailed for results, immediatelyplace in mailing bag ensuring bag is properly sealed. Follow mailinginstructions provided with kit.7.5 The formula for computing moi
46、sture vapor emissionrate (MVER) is as follows:MVER 524 000DM453.612AT552.91DMAT(2)where:MVER = moisture vapor emission rate, lb/1000 ft2/24 h,DM = change in mass (weight gain) of anhydrous CaCl2in g,A = contact area of the flanged cover on concrete inft2deducting the area of the CaCl2dish, andT = ex
47、posure time in hours.7.6 To convert test results to SI, multiply by 56.51 to obtainresults in g/(s m2).7.7 Use the following guidelines to determine the number oftest locations to be utilized simultaneously.7.7.1 Three test locations for areas up to 1000 ft2(100 m2).7.7.2 Add one additional test for
48、 each 1000 ft2(100 m2)orfraction thereof.NOTE 4When conducting moisture emission tests, the test unitsshould not be concentrated in an area but shall be located in various partsof the floor area. Tests shall be placed using the testing agents judgmentto represent areas of potential concern including
49、 the perimeter and centerof the floor area.8. Precision and Bias8.1 Precision, characterized by repeatability Sr, r and repro-ducibility SR, R has been determined for the following mate-rials to be:Material Average Sr SR r RConcrete slab 5.94 lb/1000 ft2/24 h 0.24 0.32 0.68 0.908.1.1 This precision statement is provisional.8.2 No information can be presented on the bias of theprocedure in Test Method F1869 for measuring moisture vaporemission rates from concrete because no material having anaccepted reference value is available.9. Keywords9.1 anhydrous calcium
