1、Designation: F 2285 04Standard Consumer Safety Performance Specification forDiaper Changing Tables for Commercial Use1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2285; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis safety performance specification addresses diaper changing tables for use in commercialenvironments.The C
3、PSC identified the following injuries to children associated with the use of diaper changingtables in the residential environment: falls, stability, restraint systems, latches and folding mecha-nisms, structural integrity, and deaths due to entrapment in openings. In response to the incidents datade
4、veloped by the CPSC, this safety performance specification attempts to minimize the previouslylisted problems. This specification does not cover tables that are blatantly misused, although warningsand safety instructions are required to be prominently displayed on or with each table.This consumer sa
5、fety performance specification is not intended to address incidents and injuriesresulting from the interaction of other persons with children on tables or incidents resulting fromunforeseeable abuse or misuse.This consumer safety performance specification is written within the current state of the a
6、rt of diaperchanging table technology. It is intended that this specification will be updated whenever substantiveinformation becomes available which necessitates additional requirements or justifies the revision ofexisting requirements.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification establishes safe
7、typerformance requirements, test methods, and labeling require-ments to minimize the hazards to children presented by diaperchanging tables as identified in the introduction.1.2 This specification is intended to apply to diaper chang-ing tables for commercial use. It is intended for use withchildren
8、 up to 50 lbs.1.3 No diaper changing table produced after the approvaldate of this consumer safety performance specification shall,either by label or other means, indicate compliance with thisspecification unless it conforms to all requirements herein.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to
9、 be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Section 7, of this consumer safety speci-fication: This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associa
10、ted with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test2.2 F
11、ederal Standards:316 CFR-1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and CertainConsumer Products Bearing Lead-Containing Paint16 CFR-1500 Hazardous Substances Act Regulations in-cluding sections:1500.48 Technical Requirements for Determining a SharpPoint in Toys or Other Articles Intended for Use byChildren
12、Under Eight Years of Age1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining a SharpMetal or Glass Edge in Toys or OtherArticles Intended forUse by Children Under Eight Years of Age1500.50-52 Tests Methods for Simulating Use and Abuse ofToys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children16 CFR 1501 Metho
13、d for Identifying Toys and OtherArticles Intended for Use by Children Under Three Yearsof Age Which Present Choking, Aspiration, or Ingestion1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 onConsumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.50 onBaby Changing
14、 TablesCommercial.Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published May 2004.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe
15、 ASTM website.3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Hazards
16、Because of Small Parts2.3 Other Documents:CAMI Infant Dummy, Mark II (see Fig. 1)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 conspicuous, na label which is visible, when theunit is in a manufacturers recommended use position, to aperson standing near the unit at any one po
17、sition around theunit, but not necessarily visible from all positions.3.1.2 manufacturers recommended use position, nanyposition, which is presented as a normal, allowable, or accept-able configuration for use of the product by the manufacturer inany descriptive or instructional literature. This spe
18、cificallyexcludes positions that the manufacturer shows in a likemanner in its literature to be unacceptable, unsafe, or notrecommended.3.1.3 static load, na vertically downward load applied bya dead weight or other means.4. General Testing Requirements4.1 All testing shall be conducted on a concret
19、e floor thatmay be covered with18-in. (3-mm) thick vinyl floor covering,unless test instructs differently.4.2 The unit shall be completely assembled, unless other-wise noted, in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.4.3 No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of manufac-turing.4.4 The pro
20、duct to be tested shall be in a room with anambient temperature of 73 6 9F (23 6 5C) for at least 1 hprior to testing. Testing shall then be conducted within thistemperature range.4.5 All testing required by this specification shall be con-ducted on the same unit.5. General Requirements5.1 The unit
21、shall conform to the federal regulations speci-fied in section 2.2 of this specification both before and after alltesting.5.2 Before and after testing, any exposed parts shall besmooth and free of splinters.5.3 Latching MechanismsAny unit that folds, and will notremain in the open position without f
22、orce being applied to it,shall have a latching device or other provision in the designthat will prevent the unit from unintentional folding whenproperly placed in the manufacturers recommended use posi-tion. Products with latching devices for prevention of uninten-tional folding shall be tested in a
23、ccordance with 7.1. Duringand upon completion of this test, the unit shall remain latchedin its manufacturers recommended use position.5.4 OpeningsAny shaped holes, slots, or cracks that existin or around the table that is in its manufacturers recom-mended use position and that are accessible to the
24、 toes orfingers of the occupant, through or recessed, or both, into thesurface of any rigid material that admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm)diameter rod, also shall admit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameterrod. Openings that have a minimum dimension between 0.210in. and 0.375 in. shall be permissible, providing
25、 the depth is nogreater than the minimum dimension of the opening.5.5 Scissoring, Shearing, Pinching, CrushingThe table,when in the manufacturers recommended use position, andparts that are accessible to the toes or fingers of the occupantin the table, shall be designed and constructed to prevent in
26、juryfrom any scissoring, shearing, or pinching when members orcomponents rotate about a common axis or fastening point,slide, pivot, fold, or otherwise move relative to one another.Scissoring, shearing, or pinching exists when the edges of therigid parts admit a probe greater than 0.210-in. (5.33-mm
27、)diameter and less than 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter at anyaccessible point throughout the range of motion of such parts.5.6 LabelingDecorative labels, warning labels, or warn-ings applied directly onto the surface of the product by hotstamping, heat transfer, printing, or wood burning, etc., shall
28、bepermanent when tested in accordance with 7.4.5.7 The forces that are to be applied to the sample in the testmethods of this specification are applied readily by means of acalibrated force gage, or in the case of static load and dynamicload test methods, by calibrated weights.6. Performance Require
29、ments6.1 Static Load:6.1.1 A table shall support a static load of 100 lb. (45.5 kg)when placed in the approximate center of the area intended tosupport the infant occupant.6.1.2 Test methods shall be performed in accordance with7.2. At the conclusion of the test method, there shall be nounacceptable
30、 conditions as identified within this specification(see Note 1).NOTE 1For the purpose of this specification, the unacceptable condi-tions that might be identified by the static load test methods shall be tipover, collapse of the product or a component of the product, sharp edgesor points, and small
31、parts.6.2 Restraining SystemAll products covered by this speci-fication must have a child restraint system. The manufacturershall attach the restraint system in such a manner that it will notbecome detached through normal usage. The restraint systemshall include a waist restraint.FIG. 1 CAMI Dummy,
32、Mark IIF22850426.2.1 Restraining SystemTest methods for all restrainingsystems shall be in accordance with 7.3. The closing mecha-nisms shall not part or slip more than 1 in. (25 mm). Theanchorages shall not separate from their attachment points. Atthe end of the tests, the CAMI dummy shall not be r
33、eleasedfully.6.3 Protective ComponentsIf a child can grasp compo-nents between the thumb and forefinger, or teeth, such as caps,sleeves, or plugs used for protection from sharp edges, points,or entrapment of fingers or toes, or if there is at least a 0.040-in.(1.00-mm) gap between the component and
34、its adjacent parentcomponent, such component shall not be removed when testedin accordance with 7.5.6.4 EdgesAll products covered by this specification musthave either a contoured surface or barriers designed to assist inoccupant retention.7. Test Methods7.1 Latching Mechanisms for Prevention of Uni
35、ntentionalFolding:7.1.1 Erect the product in accordance with the manufactur-ers instructions, and gradually place a 5-lb (2.3-kg) weight(similar to a 5-lb bag of sugar) in the center of the supportingsurface.7.1.2 Place the product in the manufacturers recommendeduse position so that the normal fold
36、ing motion is not impeded.7.1.3 Apply a force of 45 lbf (200 N) at the locationnormally associated with the folding action and in the directionnormally associated with folding the product in accordancewith the manufacturers instructions. Gradually apply the forcewithin 5 s and maintain for an additi
37、onal 10 s.NOTE 2Do not apply this force on latching or unlatching means itself.7.1.4 Repeat 7.1.3 for a total of five times within 2 min.7.1.5 Fold the unit in accordance with the manufacturersinstructions and repeat 7.1.1-7.1.3 one additional time.7.2 Static Load Test Method:7.2.1 Place the product
38、 in the manufacturers recommendeduse position.7.2.2 Place the specified weight from 6.1 upona6by6-in.(150 by 150-mm) wood block34 in. (19 mm) thick in the unitat the location called for in 6.1. Gradually apply the weightwithin 5 s and maintain for an additional 60 s.7.3 Restraining System Integrity
39、and Occupant RetentionTest Methods:7.3.1 Restraining System Integrity Test Method:7.3.1.1 Secure the test model so that it cannot move hori-zontally.7.3.1.2 Apply a force of 45 lbf (200 N) to a singleattachment point of the restraint system in the normal usedirection(s) that stress would be applied
40、to that attachment.Gradually apply the force within 5 s and maintain for anadditional 10 s.7.3.1.3 Repeat 7.3.1.2 for a total of five times with amaximum interval of 5 s between tests.7.3.1.4 Repeat 7.3.1.2 and 7.3.1.3 for each attachment pointof the restraint system and fastening device.7.3.2 Restr
41、aining System Occupant Retention Test Method:7.3.2.1 Place a CAMI Infant Dummy, Mark II (see Fig. 1)inthe test unit with the restraining system fastened in accordancewith the manufacturers instructions. Tighten the restrainingsystem in such a manner that a force of 2 lbf (9 N) or less willprovide at
42、 least a14-in. (6-mm) space between the restraintsystem and the dummy. The webbing tension pull deviceshown (Fig. 2) is required to determine proper restraint systemfit. Perform the following tests without readjusting the restraintsystem.7.3.2.2 Apply a pull force of 45 lbf (200 N) horizontally onth
43、e approximate centerline of either leg of the dummy (at theankle). Gradually apply the force within 5 s and maintain for anadditional 10 s.7.3.2.3 Repeat 7.3.2.2 for a total of five times with amaximum interval of 5 s between tests.7.3.2.4 Tilt the unit along an axis line perpendicular to therestrai
44、nt system 15 to test for retention of the CAMI dummy.7.4 Label Test Method:7.4.1 A label shall be considered permanent, if during anattempt to remove it without the aid of tools or solvents, itcannot be removed, it tears into pieces upon removal, or suchaction damages the surface to which it is atta
45、ched.7.4.1.1 Labels attached by a seam, except warning labels,that tear along a seam only and do not yield a part which fitsNote 1Dimension A: Width of webbing plus18 in. (3 mm).Note 2Dimension B: One half of Dimension A.FIG. 2 Webbing Tension Pull DeviceF2285043entirely within the small parts cylin
46、der defined in 16 CFR 1501are not considered labels, which pose a choking hazard andthus are not required to be permanent.7.4.2 A warning label attached by a seam and which can begrasped between the thumb and forefinger or teeth shall notseparate from the product or tear yielding a small part whensu
47、bjected to a 15-lbf (67-N) pull force applied using a clampwith a34-in. (19-mm) diameter clamping surface.7.4.3 Adhesion Test Method for Printing:7.4.3.1 Apply the tape test method defined in Test Method Bof Test Methods D 3359 eliminating the parallel cuts.7.4.3.2 Perform this test method once in e
48、ach differentlocation where warnings are applied.7.4.3.3 The warning statements will be considered perma-nent if the printing in the area tested is still legible and attachedafter being subjected to this test.7.5 Removal of Protective Components:7.5.1 Any protective component shall be tested in acco
49、r-dance with each of the following test methods in the sequencelisted.7.5.2 Secure the unit so that it cannot move during theperformance of the following test methods.7.5.3 Torque Test MethodA torque of 3 lbf-in. (0.3 N-m)shall be applied evenly within a period of5sinaclockwisedirection until a rotation of 180 from the original position hasbeen attained or 3 lbf-in. has been exceeded. The torque ormaximum rotation shall be maintained for an additional 10 s.The torque shall then be removed and the test componentspermitted to return to a relaxed co
