1、Designation: F 2493 06Standard Specification forP225/60R16 97S Radial Standard Reference Test Tire1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2493; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisio
2、n. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the general requirements forthe P225/60R16 97S radial standard reference test tire. The tirecovered by
3、this specification is primarily for use as a referencetire for braking traction, snow traction, and wear performanceevaluations, but may also be used for other evaluations, such aspavement roughness, noise, or other tests that require areference tire.1.1.1 A P195/75R14 (Specification E 1136) tire is
4、 anotherstandard reference test tire that is also used for these purposes.This standard was originally published in 1986 and continuesto be used.1.2 This specification provides a 16-in. standard tire designand construction, standard dimensions, and specifies the con-ditions of storage.1.3 The values
5、 stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with it
6、s use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-plastic ElastomersT
7、ensionD 2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometerHardnessD 3182 Practice for RubberMaterials, Equipment, andProcedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Prepar-ing Standard Vulcanized SheetsE 867 Terminology Relating to Vehicle-Pavement SystemsE 1136 Specification for A Radial Standard Reference
8、 TestTireF 538 Terminology Relating to the Characteristics and Per-formance of Tires3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this specification, referto Terminology F 538.3.1.2 pavement characteristic, na physical feature orproperty of a pavement surface such as type, rou
9、ghness,texture, and skid resistance. E 8673.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 all-season tread, na balance of the tread design fortraction in rain or snow with good tread life and a comfortable,quiet ride.3.2.2 pitches, nthe number of different circumferentialsegments of the tre
10、ad design, which vary by the lengths of theirindividual designs.3.2.3 standard reference test tire, SRTT, na tire that isused as a control tire or surface-monitoring tire.4. Design and Construction4.1 The P225/60R16 standard reference test tire shall fea-ture the steel-belted radial technology, and
11、an all-season silicacontent tread design, see Figs. 1 and 2, with technology asdescribed in 3.2 and Sections 5-7.4.2 The tire shall be designed to conform with the Tire andRimAssociation, Inc. (TRA) standard nominal dimensions andtolerances for cross section and overall diameter found in thecurrent
12、TRA Yearbook.34.3 The tire used for this specification is produced byBFGoodrich Tire Manufacturing.4The tire is stamped on thesidewall with the words: “Standard Reference Test Tire.”5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 The individual standard reference test tires shall con-form to the manufacturers desig
13、n standards.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F09 on Tiresand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F09.20 on Vehicular Testing.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2006. Published December 2006.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
14、contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from the Tire and Rim Association, Inc., 175 Montrose West Ave.,Suite 150, Copley, OH 44321.4The sole source of supply of
15、the standard reference tire known to the committeeat this time is BFGoodrich Tire Manufacturing, Opelika Plant, P.O. Box 30, Opelika,AL 36801 (attn: Development Qualification Center SRTT ManagerspecifyP225/60R16 97S SRTT Uniroyal Tiger Paw AWP). If you are aware of alternativesuppliers, please provi
16、de this information to ASTM International Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsibletechnical committee,1which you may attend.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.2 Trea
17、d compound, fabric processing, and all the steps intire manufacturing shall be controlled to ensure minimumvariability between tires.5.3 The standard reference test tire shall be as originallymolded without any tread grinding or repairs.5.4 Since the formulation for tread compounds are propri-etary,
18、 they shall be controlled by means of their physicalproperties given in Table 1.5.5 Dimensions, weights, and permissible variations aregiven in Section 7.5.6 The tire shall be of the following construction:5.6.1 One-ply sidewall construction (polyester).5.6.2 A three-ply tread construction (one-ply
19、polyester andtwo steel belts).5.6.3 Black sidewall.5.6.4 Ventless tread molding.6. Physical Properties6.1 The physical properties of the tread compound are listedin Table 1.7. Dimensions, Weights, and Permissible Variations7.1 Details of dimensions are listed as follows and areshown in Fig. 3. When
20、tolerances are not specified, tiredimensions are subject to manufacturers normal tolerances.7.2 Inflated Dimensions and Cured Cord Angles:7.2.1 The tread width shall be 7.22 in. (183.4 mm), and thecross-sectional tread radius shall be 24.2 6 2.0 in. (614.7 650.8 mm).7.2.2 The tread radius is measure
21、d using the three-pointdrop method (see Fig. 4 for an example of how the measure-ment is taken).7.2.3 The tire shall have a nominal cross-section width of9.09 in. (231.0 mm), and a nominal outside diameter of26.76 in. (679.0 mm) when mounted on a TRA measuring rimwidth (16 3 6.5 J).7.2.4 The cured c
22、ord angles shall be 90 6 2 for the carcassand 21.0 6 2 for the belts.7.3 RibsThe tire shall have five ribs.7.4 GroovesThe tire shall have four circumferentialgrooves having a minimum groove depth of 0.314 in.(7.97 mm).7.5 Tread Design:7.5.1 Groove (Void) Area Fraction37 %.7.5.2 Number of Pitches81.7
23、.5.3 Footprint Size7.99 in. long by 6.97 in. wide (203 by177 mm).7.6 Tread Wear IndicatorsThe tire shall have indicators ineach groove, laterally across the tread width, in six locationsspaced uniformly around the tire circumference. The height ofthe wear indicators in the grooves shall be 0.0625 in
24、. (1.6 mm).NOTE 1Groove depth is not to be measured at these wear indicators.8. Workmanship8.1 Tires shall be free of defects in workmanship andmaterial.FIG. 1 Front View of the P225/60R16 97S Radial StandardReference Test TireFIG. 2 Side View of the P225/60R16 97S Radial StandardReference Test Tire
25、TABLE 1 Physical Properties of Tread CompoundTensile sheet cure, min at 320F (160C) 15.0 minStress at 300 % elongation, psi (MPa) 705 6 64 psi (4.9 6 0.4 MPa)Tensile strength, min psi (MPa) 2250 psi (15.5 MPa)Elongation, min % 650 % minDurometer hardnessA64 6 2 Type AAMeasured on tire tread. FIG. 3
26、Tire Cross SectionF24930629. Test Methods9.1 Preparation of tensile sheet cure shall be in accordancewith Practice D 3182.9.2 Stress at 300 % elongation shall be in accordance withTest Methods D 412.9.3 Tensile strength shall be in accordance with Test Meth-ods D 412.9.4 Elongation shall be in accor
27、dance with Test MethodsD 412.9.5 Tire tread hardness shall be in accordance with TestMethod D 2240 in addition to the following:9.5.1 Use a Type A durometer that has the center of thepresser foot at a minimum of 0.24 in. (6.0 mm) from any edgeof the foot.9.5.2 Check the durometer operation and the s
28、tate of cali-bration of the durometer with the rubber reference block(s).9.5.3 Condition the tire and the durometer to an equilibriumof 73.4 6 3.6F (23 6 2C) before determining the treadhardness.9.5.4 Determine the tire tread hardness by averaging at leastfour readings. Take these readings in the ce
29、nter of each rib,excluding the center rib. It is recommended that additional setsof readings be taken around the tread circumference.9.5.5 Apply the presser foot to the tire tread, as rapidly aspossible without shock, keeping the foot parallel to the treadsurface. Apply just enough pressure to obtai
30、n firm contactbetween the presser foot and the tread surface. Read thedurometer scale within 1 s after the presser foot has madecontact with the tread, but after the initial maximum transientneedle deflection that may occur immediately after contact ismade.10. Certification10.1 Upon request, the man
31、ufacturer shall furnish to thepurchaser certification that the test tire meets this specification.10.2 All tires under certification shall be subject to themanufacturers normal variation.11. Storage and Preservation11.1 The tires shall be stored under constant relative humid-ity conditions at a temp
32、erature not to exceed 70F (21C) andabove freezing. The ozone level in the storage area shall notexceed 5 parts/108(or 5 MPa partial pressure), and no tiresshall be stored within 30 ft (9.1 m) of electrical motors or otherozone-generating equipment. Storage of the tires shall be insubdued light, with
33、 the tires stacked unbundled, no more thaneight tires high on a pallet.12. Recommendations for Tire Use and OperationalRequirements12.1 It is recommended that the tire be used as a referencefor performance evaluations (that is, traction, noise, pavementcharacteristics, and the like).12.2 The tire sh
34、all be mounted on a 6.50 6 0.5-in. (1.651 612.7-mm) wide rim (16 3 6.5 J wheel is recommended).12.3 When irregular wear or damage results from tests, orwhen wear influences the test results, the use of the tire shall bediscontinued.12.4 WarningTest results, such as measured frictionforce, may be inf
35、luenced by tire groove depth or tread hardnessor both. The magnitude of this dependence is a function of thewater depth, pavement characteristics, test speed, tire agingeffects, and break-in.13. Keywords13.1 airport runway friction; F09; fixed slip; SRTT; standardreference test tire; tire pavement f
36、riction; traction; treadwearASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infr
37、ingement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standa
38、rd or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your vie
39、ws known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).FIG. 4 Measuring the Tread Radius Using the Three-Point DropF2493063
