1、Guide forStrengthening andRepairing ExistingStructuresAWS D1.7/D1.7M:2010An American National Standard550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126AWS D1.7/D1.7M:2010An American National StandardApproved by theAmerican National Standards InstituteJuly 1, 2009Guide for Strengthening andRepairing Existing St
2、ructures1st EditionPrepared by theAmerican Welding Society (AWS) D1 Structural Welding CommitteeUnder the Direction of theAWS Technical Activities CommitteeApproved by theAWS Board of DirectorsAbstractThis guide provides information on strengthening and repairing existing structures. Included are se
3、ctions on weldability,evaluation of existing welds, testing and sampling, heat straightening, and damage repair.iiAWS D1.7/D1.7M:2010International Standard Book Number: 978-0-87171-761-0American Welding Society550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 2009 by American Welding SocietyAll rights reserved
4、Printed in the United States of AmericaPhotocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in anyform, including mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyrightowner.Authorization to ph
5、otocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only or the internal, personal, oreducational classroom use only of specific clients is granted by the American Welding Society provided that the appropriatefee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers,
6、MA 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400; Internet:.iiiAWS D1.7/D1.7M:2010Statement on the Use of American Welding Society StandardsAll standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the AmericanWelding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have
7、 been developed in accordance with the rules of theAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standards are either incorporated in, ormade part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other govern-mental bodies, th
8、eir provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWSstandards must be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part ofthose laws and regulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal author
9、ity of the contract or other documentthat invokes the AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirementsof an AWS standard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.AWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus standar
10、ds development process that bringstogether volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While the AWS administers theprocess and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evalu-ate, or verify the accuracy o
11、f any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whetherspecial, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication,
12、 use of, or relianceon this standard. AWS also makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any informationpublished herein.In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is neither undertaking to render professional or other services for oron behalf of any person or enti
13、ty, nor is AWS undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someoneelse. Anyone using these documents should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek theadvice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circu
14、mstances. It isassumed that the use of this standard and its provisions are entrusted to appropriately qualified and competent personnel.This standard may be superseded by the issuance of new editions. Users should ensure that they have the latest edition.Publication of this standard does not author
15、ize infringement of any patent or trade name. Users of this standard acceptany and all liabilities for infringement of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the infringement ofany patent or product trade name resulting from the use of this standard.Finally, the AWS does not mon
16、itor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so.On occasion, text, tables, or figures are printed incorrectly, constituting errata. Such errata, when discovered, are postedon the AWS web page (www.aws.org).Official interpretations of any of the technical r
17、equirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request,in writing, to the appropriate technical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the American Welding Society,Attention: Managing Director, Technical Services Division, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 (see Annex B)
18、.With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered.These opinions are offered solely as a convenience to users of this standard, and they do not constitute professionaladvice. Such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the par
19、ticular individuals giving them. These individualsdo not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations ofAWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation.This standard
20、 is subject to revision at any time by the AWS D1 Committee on Structural Welding. It must be reviewedevery five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations, additions,or deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standa
21、rd are required and should be addressedto AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS D1 Committee on StructuralWelding and the author of the comments will be informed of the Committees response to the comments. Guests areinvited to attend all meetings of the AWS D1
22、 Committee on Structural Welding to express their comments verbally.Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments are provided in the Rules of Operation ofthe Technical Activities Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from the American Welding Society, 550N.W.
23、LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.This page is intentionally blank.ivAWS D1.7/D1.7M:2010vAWS D1.7/D1.7M:2010Personnel*DeceasedAWS D1 Committee on Structural WeldingD. K. Miller, Chair The Lincoln Electric CompanyA. W. Sindel, 1st Vice Chair Alstom Power, IncorporatedT. L. Niemann, 2nd Vice Chair Minneso
24、ta Department of TransportationS. Morales, Secretary American Welding SocietyN. J. Altebrando STV, IncorporatedF. G. Armao The Lincoln Electric CompanyE. L. Bickford Acute Technological Services*F. C. Breismeister Strocal, IncorporatedB. M. Butler Walt Disney World CompanyH. H. Campbell III Loadmast
25、er Universal RigsL. E. Collins Team Industries, IncorporatedR. B. Corbit Exelon Nuclear CorporationR. A. Dennis ConsultantM. A. Grieco Massachusetts Highway DepartmentC. R. Hess High Steel Structures, Incorporated (Retired)C. W. Holmes Modjeski and Masters, IncorporatedJ. J. Kenney Shell Internation
26、al E telephone (305) 443-9353; fax (305) 443-5951; e-mailinfoaws.org; or via the AWS web site .This page is intentionally blank.viiiAWS D1.7/D1.7M:2010ixAWS D1.7/D1.7M:2010Table of ContentsPage No.Personnel vForeword.viiList of Tables.x1. General Provisions 11.1 Scope11.2 Limitations.11.3 Approval 2
27、1.4 Safety Precautions .21.5 Standard Units of Measure 22. Normative References .23. Terms and Definitions .24. Weldability .34.1 Scope34.2 Introduction34.3 Structural Metals44.4 Weldability Based on Steel Composition 64.5 Welding Procedures and Techniques .114.6 Weldability Testing125. Evaluation o
28、f Existing Welds145.1 Scope145.2 Strength Evaluation .156. Testing and Sampling246.1 General Considerations246.2 Sampling and Testing Plan 246.3 NDT Methods for Flaw Detection.256.4 NDT Methods for Material Identification .276.5 NDT Methods for Flaw Sizing and Characterization 276.6 NDT Methods to D
29、etermine Existing Stress Levels276.7 NDT Methods to Determine Corrosion Effects.276.8 NDT Personnel Certification .287. Heat Straightening 297.1 Evaluating Damaged Structural Steel297.2 Restraining Forces .297.3 Heat Application298. Strengthening and Damage Repair318.1 Scope318.2 Possible Causes of
30、Damage.318.3 Written Repair Procedures.328.4 Methods of Repair .338.5 General Repair Considerations33Annex A (Informative)Informative References35Annex B (Informative)Guidelines for the Preparation of Technical Inquiries for the StructuralAnnex B (Informative)Welding Committee .39List of AWS Documen
31、ts on Structural Welding.41xAWS D1.7/D1.7M:2010List of TablesTable Page No.5.1 Fillet Weld Sizes 235.2 AWS D1.1, Figure 5.4 Convexity Limitations.237.1 Temperature Limits for Heat Application307.2 Torch Tip Guide .30AWS D1.7/D1.7M:201011. General Provisions1.1 Scope. This document contains basic inf
32、ormation pertinent to the welded strengthening and repair of existing steelstructures. The information contained in this guide is intended for both Engineers and Contractors with the purpose ofproviding direction and guidance to perform weld repairs, weld strengthening, and other weld procedures to
33、correctproblematic issues with existing structures. This guide contains background information that will be useful to the Engineerwho is obligated under AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2008 Clause 8 to provide a comprehensive plan to address projects thatinvolve strengthening and repairing of steel structures. The a
34、pproach to the strengthening and repairing of these materi-als is to be developed using the information provided herein.This guide is intended to apply to the strengthening and repair of existing structures made of the following materials:(1) Steel with a minimum specified yield strength of 100 ksi
35、690 MPa or less(2) Cast iron(3) Wrought ironStrengthening or repairing an existing structure includes modifications to meet new serviceability or load requirementsas well as corrections made to repair conditions unsuitable for future use specified by the Engineer. The Engineer shouldprepare a contra
36、ct for the work including, but not limited to, design, workmanship, inspection, acceptance criteria, anddocumentation. Except as modified in this clause, provisions of this guide should apply to the strengthening and repair ofexisting structures, including heat straightening of distorted members.1.2
37、 Limitations. This guide is intended to assist in the evaluation of existing structural elements and the development ofappropriate procedures for repairing those elements. It does not provide exhaustive coverage of any specific topic.This guide is intended to apply to the strengthening and repair of
38、 existing buildings and other structural systems. It is notintended to apply to:(1) Structures made of steels less than 1/8 in 3 mm thick(2) Pressure vessels and pressure piping(3) Structures made of materials other than those listed under the scope(4) Seismic upgrades(5) New constructionWhereas thi
39、s guide is not intended to apply the application outside the scope, the principles contained in this guide maybe applied to other materials and applications. The Engineer is advised to use caution and engineering judgment for appli-cation outside the scope of this guide.More importantly, it is criti
40、cal to state here that this document does not provide detailed specific procedures and direc-tion to correct any specific strengthening or repair operation regardless of how common or standard the procedure maybe. Instead, information supplied herein as well as that material referenced in Annex A is
41、 intended to provide users withan overall approach to weld modifications as they pertain to: strengthening and repair; technical resources to developGuide for Strengthening andRepairing Existing StructuresCLAUSE 2. NORMATIVE REFERENCES AWS D1.7/D1.7M:20102appropriate detailed specific strengthening
42、and repair contract documents or procedures; summarized guidance on typi-cal weldability of common metals; summarized guidance for testing the serviceability of the procedures and a summaryof common procedures and approaches that are intended to be modified for the specific procedure.1.3 Approval. A
43、ll references to “approval” should be interpreted to mean approval by the Engineer.1.4 Safety Precautions. Safety and health issues and concerns are beyond the scope of this standard and therefore arenot fully addressed herein. However, in addition to the material supplied in subsequent chapters of
44、this document, perti-nent information can be found in the following standalone documents: ANSI Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, andAllied Processes, and applicable federal, state, and local regulations. Other pertinent information can be found in themanufacturers safety literature on equipment and
45、 materials. These documents should be referred to and followed asrequired.NOTE: This guide may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. The document does not purport toaddress all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropr
46、iatesafety and health practices. The user should determine the applicability of any regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 Standard Units of Measure. This guide makes use of both U.S. Customary Units and the International System ofUnits (SI). The latter are shown within brackets ( ) or in appropria
47、te columns in tables and figures. The measurementsmay not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system should be used independently of the other.2. Normative ReferencesThe standards listed below contain provisions, which, through reference in this text, constitute mandatory provisions ofthis AWS gui
48、de. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced standard shall apply. For dated references,subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply.A list of informative documents referenced in this guide is included in Annex A. There are numerous documents
49、that existand are available that cover repairs to existing structures published by AISC, AASHTO, and AREMA. These and otherdocuments will be referenced in Annex A and are all intended to provide a guide for successful strengthening and repair.American Welding Society (AWS) standards1:(1) ANSI Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes(2) AWS A3.0, Standard Welding Terms and Definitions, Including Terms for Adhesive Bonding, Brazing, Soldering,Thermal Cutting, and Thermal Spraying3. Terms and DefinitionsAWS A3.0, Standard Welding Terms and Definitions, Including Terms
