1、BRITISH STANDARD BS3402:1969 Incorporating Amendment Nos. 1 and 2 Specification for Quality of vitreous china sanitary appliancesBS3402:1969 This British Standard, having been approved by the Sanitary Appliances Industry Standards Committee was published underthe authority of the Executive Board on
2、13th January,1969 BSI04-1999 First published, July,1961 First revision, July,1964 Second revision, January,1969 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference SAB/I ISBN 580 00436 8 Co-operating organizations The Sanitary Appliances Industry Standards Committee
3、, under whose supervision this British Standard was prepared, consists of representatives from the following Government departments and scientific and industrial organizations: Association of Public Health Inspectors* Ministry of Public Building and Works* British Bath Manufacturers Association Mini
4、stry of Public Building and British Ironfounders Association* WorksBuilding Research Station* British Plastics Federation* National Brassfoundry Association* British Waterworks Association* National Federation of Building Trades Council of British Ceramic Sanitaryware Employers Manufacturers* Royal
5、Institute of British Architects* Flushing Cistern Makers Association* Royal institute of Public Health and Hygiene Greater London Council* The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors Institute of Plumbing* Royal Society for the Promotion of Health* Institution of Municipal Engineers* Scottish Feder
6、ation of Plumbers and Institution of Public Health Engineers* Domestic Engineers (Employers) Metal Sink Manufacturers Association* Associations Ministry of Housing and Local Government Water Companies Association The Government departments and scientific and industrial organizations marked with an a
7、sterisk in the above list, together with the following, were directly represented on the committee entrusted with the preparation of this British Standard: British Ceramic Research Association National Federation of Builders and British Steel Industry Plumbers Merchants Department of Health and Soci
8、al Security National Federation of Plumbers and Good Housekeeping Institute Domestic Heating Engineers Institute of Housing Managers Stainless Steel Development Association Institute of Vitreous Enamellers Womens Advisory Committee of BSI Institution of Water Engineers Individual manufactures Modula
9、r Society Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments 714 April 1971 4922 May1989 Indicated by a sideline in the marginBS3402:1969 BSI 04-1999 i Contents Page Co-operating organizations Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Definitions 1 3 Application of glazing 2 4 Tolerances 2
10、5 Visual examination 2 6 Water absorption 2 7 Crazing 2 8 Chemical resistance 2 9 Resistance to staining and burning 2 10 Suppliers certificate 3 Appendix A Test for water absorption 5 Appendix B Test for crazing 5 Appendix C Tests for chemical resistance 5 Appendix D Tests for resistance to stainin
11、g and burning 5 Figure 1 Viewing circle for WC pans, bidets, wash basins, Pedestals and urinals 8 Table 1 Blemishes and defects permitted in wc pans, bidets, bowl urinals, pedestals and legs 3 Table 2 Blemishes and defects permitted in cisterns and covers 3 Table 3 Blemishes and defects permitted in
12、 wash basins and drinking fountains 4 Table 4 Chemical solutions 5BS3402:1969 ii BSI 04-1999 Foreword In order to keep abreast of progress in the industries concerned, British Standards are subject to periodical review. Suggestions for improvements will be recorded and in due course brought to the n
13、otice of the committees charged with the revision of the standards to which they refer. A complete list of British Standards, numbering over6000, fully indexed and with a note of the contents of each, will be found in the British Standards Yearbook, which may be purchased from BSI Sales Department.
14、It may also be consulted in many public libraries and similar institutions. This British Standard was first published in1961 to specify the permissible limits of water absorption and of resistance to crazing for vitreous china, and to establish test methods for assessing these properties. At the req
15、uest of the sanitary pottery industry, it was revised in1964, and enlarged to include additional requirements and test methods. The present revision is for the purpose of implementing the change to the metric system of measures. It is still not possible to include tests for impact strength and abras
16、ion resistance. This is because satisfactory tests, giving reproducible results, have not yet been devised; as soon as such tests are available, they will be included in the standard. Requirements to ensure adequate thicknesses of sanitary ware are given on the British Standard for individual applia
17、nces. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comp
18、rises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi andii, pages1 to8 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on theinside front cover.BS3402:1969 BSI 04-1999 1 1 Scope This British S
19、tandard specifies certain requirements concerning the quality and dimensional tolerances for vitreous china sanitary appliances and details the methods of test by which their properties may be assessed. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this British Standard the following definitions apply: 2.1 bubb
20、le a raised portion of the surface less than1mm maximum diameter 2.2 craze fine cracks in the glaze 2.3 discoloration a coloured spot greater than 6mm maximum dimension or a concentrated number of specks or spots to give the effect of a change in colour 2.4 dull finish undeveloped glaze, slightly ma
21、tt in appearance or a non-glossy finish on a visible surface 2.5 dunt a hair-line fracture extending through the body 2.6 exposed body an unglazed portion not less than2mm maximum dimension 2.7 finish the texture and condition of a surface other than its colour 2.8 fire crack a fine shallow crack in
22、 the body not covered with glaze. (Fire cracks, where not on a visible surface, may not necessarily be detrimental) 2.9 flushing surface the surface visible after installation and which becomes wet during the operation of the appliance 2.10 grouping a number of spots, blisters, pinholes or specks wi
23、thin any pottery square 2.11 integral a part cast integrally with the appliance 2.12 large blister a raised portion of the surface not less than3mm and less than6mm maximum dimension 2.13 large spot an area of contrasting colour not less than3mm and less than6mm maximum dimension 2.14 medium blister
24、 a raised portion of the surface not less than1mm and less than3mm maximum dimension 2.15 pinhole a small hole in the glazed surface less than2mm maximum dimension 2.16 polishing mark a spot not more than10mm maximum dimension where a minor blemish has been ground off and the surface polished 2.17 p
25、ottery square a square of side50mm, i.e.with an area of2500mm 2 . 2.18 projection a raised portion of not less than6mm maximum dimension on a visible surface 2.19 roughing-in measurements dimensions from the finished wall or floor to the centre of the waste or supply opening 2.20 speck an area of co
26、ntrasting colour less than1mm maximum dimension. (Specks less than0.25mm maximum dimension do not constitute a defect unless sufficient in number to form a discoloration) 2.21 spot an area of contrasting colour not less than1mm and less than3mm maximum dimensionBS3402:1969 2 BSI 04-1999 2.22 visible
27、 surface the surface which, after installation of the appliance, is readily visible to an observer in a normal standing position 2.23 vitreous china a strong high-grade ceramic ware used for sanitary appliances and made from a mixture of white burning clays and finely-ground minerals which, after fi
28、ring at a high temperature and when tested in accordance with Appendix A, does not have a mean value of water absorption greater than0.5% of the dry weight. It is coated on all exposed surfaces with an impervious non-crazing vitreous glaze giving a white or coloured finish 2.24 water surface the sur
29、face of the water left in the WC pan trap after flushing 2.25 wavy finish a defect in the finish having the appearance of numerous runs in the glaze; an irregular or mottled finish 2.26 eggshell finish a uniform semi-matt glaze 3 Application of glazing The glaze shall be thoroughly fused to the body
30、. Subject to the exceptions given in3.1, 3.2 and3.3, all exposed surfaces shall be glazed. 3.1 Surfaces coming into contact with walls and floors may be without glazed. 3.2 On wash basins set away from walls, those portions of the rear aprons used for supporting the appliances in kilns; the backs of
31、 overflows and the undersides of outlet bosses may be without glaze. 3.3 Appliances may have unglazed portions but the unglazed surfaces shall not be visible when the appliance is installed in the normal manner. 4 Tolerances Except where otherwise specified in this standard the tolerances shall be a
32、s follows. 1) on dimensions not less than75mm,2%; 2) on dimensions less than75mm,5%; and 3) on the height of the flush outlet of P-traps or horizontal outlets,5mm. 5 Visual examination 5.1 WC pans, bidets, bowl urinals and pedestals. When examined from any point on the viewing circle, as illustrated
33、 in Figure 1, WC pans, bidets, bowl urinals and pedestals shall not show, to the unaided eye of a trained observer, blemishes or defects in excess of those listed in Table 1. 5.2 Cisterns and covers. When assembled together and when examined from a distance of0.60m, the outer surfaces of a cistern a
34、nd its cover shall not show, to the unaided eye of a trained observer, blemishes or defects in excess of those listed in Table 2. 5.3 Wash basins and drinking fountains. When examined from a distance of0.60m, the surfaces of wash basins and drinking fountains shall not show, to the unaided eye of a
35、trained observer, blemishes or defects in excess of those listed in Table 3. 5.4 Illumination during visual examination. When checking an appliance by visual examination, either in natural of artificial light, the uniform light intensity at the surface of the appliance shall be300lx when checked wit
36、h a light meter. When used, artificial lighting shall be provided by one or more fluorescent lamps of colour temperature6500K, positioned2m minimum above the top of the appliance. The appliance shall be positioned so that it is between the light source and the observer. NOTEInternational effects in
37、the surface are not to be regarded as defects. 6 Water absorption When tested by the method described in Appendix A, none of the individual values of water absorption shall exceed0.75% and the arithmetical mean of the values shall not exceed0.50%. 7 Crazing When tested by the method described in App
38、endix B, none of the test pieces shall show crazing. 8 Chemical resistance When tested by the method described in Appendix C none of the test pieces shall appear to the unaided eye of a trained observer to have suffered any loss of reflectivity on the glaze when compared with the control sample. 9 R
39、esistance to staining and burning When tested by the methods described in Appendix D, no stain shall remain on either of the test pieces.BS3402:1969 BSI 04-1999 3 10 Suppliers certificate The supplier shall, at the request of the purchaser, give a certificate to the effect that the articles supplied
40、 are capable of passing the tests referred to in Clauses6 to9 inclusive. Table 1 Blemishes and defects permitted in WC pans, bidets, bowl urinals, and pedestals Table 2 Blemishes and defects permitted in cisterns and covers Location Blemish or defect Maximum permitted General Wavy finish None on all
41、 visible surfaces Warpage WC pans Not more than6mm Other fixtures Not more than1%, total warpage not more than6mm Discoloration None on all visible surfaces Flushing surface and horizontal face of rims of WC pans bidets and urinals Spots, blisters and pinholes A total of not over three; no grouping;
42、 for coloured appliances, blister and pinhole limited to one each Bubbles and specks Not over two in one pottery square; a total of not over four Polishing marks One only; none permitted for coloured appliances Visible surfaces other than above Spots, blisters and pinholes A total of not over five;
43、no grouping; for coloured appliances, no blisters are permitted and pinholes are limited to a total of two Bubbles and specks Not over three in one pottery square; a total of not over ten Location Blemish or defect Maximum permitted General Warpage Not noticeably warped Discoloration None on visible
44、 surfaces Visible surface Wavy finish Not more than2500mm 2on ends only; none on cover Spots, blisters and pinholes A total of not over four; no grouping; a total of not over two on covers except that for coloured appliances, blister and pinhole limited to one each Bubbles and specks Not over two in
45、 one pottery square; total of not over six; a total of not over three on covers Polishing marks One only; none on cover; none permitted for coloured appliancesBS3402:1969 4 BSI 04-1999 Table 3 Blemishes and defects permitted in wash basins and drinking fountains Location Blemish or defect Maximum pe
46、rmitted General Wavy finish None on all visible surfaces Warpage Warpage of slab out of horizontal plane not to exceed6mm on all sizes (warpage of backs of wash basins which are attached to the wall not to exceed3mm) Discoloration None on all visible surfaces Service space, top of slab, inside of bo
47、wl, front of fascia Spots, blisters and pinholes A total of not over two; no grouping; for coloured appliances, no blisters are permitted and pinhole limited to one Bubbles and specks A total of not over four; no grouping Polishing marks One only; none permitted for coloured fixtures Face of interna
48、l back and sides Spots, blisters and pinholes One only on back or on either side; a total of not over three Bubbles and specks A total of not over four; no groupingBS3402:1969 BSI 04-1999 5 Appendix A Test for water absorption A.1 The test sample consists of three pieces broken from widely separated
49、 parts of the article, each piece having a total surface area of approximately10000mm 2 . At least one major surface shall be a glazed surface. Surfaces other than major surfaces shall be unglazed and freshly broken. A.2 Dry the test pieces thus obtained to constant weight at a temperature between105 C and115 C and then cool them to room temperature in a desiccator. When they are cool, weigh them to an accuracy not less than0.01g and then place them in a vessel from which the air can be removed. Maintain the pressure at less than30mmHg for1hour, th
