1、BS 3936-4:2007Nursery stockPart 4: Specification for forest trees, poplars and willowsICS 65.020.20NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDPublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document
2、 was last issued. BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 50853 0The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard:Committee reference AW/1Draft for comment 02/704738 DCPublication historyFirst published April 1966First revision August 1984Second revision June 2007Amendments issued since publicationAm
3、d. no. Date Text affectedBS 3936-4:2007 BSI 2007 iBS 3936-4:2007ContentsForeword iii1 Scope 12 Normative reference 13 Terms and definitions 14 Plant description 55 Plant condition 106 Supply to planters 13AnnexesAnnex A (informative) Species lists 15Annex B (informative) Brief notes on the forest re
4、productive material and plant health legislation 22Bibliography 24List of tablesTable 1 Plant age and type or condition of typical forest nursery stock 6Table 2 Height classes and ranges for forestry seedlings and transplants other than poplars and willows 6Table 3 Species sturdiness for bare-rooted
5、 forest nursery stock, based on minimum root collar diameter (rcd) and height 7Table 4 Species sturdiness for cell-grown forest nursery stock, based on minimum root collar diameter (rcd) and height 8Table 5 Heights and diameters for rooted and unrooted poplar and willow sets other than cricket-bat w
6、illow 10Table 6 Heights and diameters for unrooted cricket-bat willow sets 11Table 7 Heights and diameters for rooted plants of cricket-bat willow: two-year-old plants (C/2+0) 11Table 8 Root membrane permeability (rmp) for well-rooted forestry planting stock 12Table A.1 Species list: conifers 16Tabl
7、e A.2 Species list: broadleaves other than poplars and willows 17Table A.3 List of poplar species 19Table A.4 List of willow species 20Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages 1 to 25 and a back cover.BS 3936-4:2007ii BSI 2007 This page delib
8、erately left blank BSI 2007 iiiBS 3936-4:2007ForewordPublishing informationThis part of BS 3936 is published by BSI and came into effect on 29 June 2007. It was prepared by Technical Committee AW/1, Nursery stock. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to it
9、s secretary.SupersessionThis part of BS 3936 supersedes BS 3936-4:1984 and BS 3936-5:1985, which are withdrawn.Information about this documentBS 3936 is published in eight parts: Part 1: Specification for trees and shrubs; Part 2: Specification for roses; Part 3: Specification for fruit plants; Part
10、 4: Specification for forest trees, poplars and willows; Part 7: Specification for bedding plants; Part 9: Specification for bulbs, corms and tubers; Part 10: Specification for ground cover plants; Part 11: Specification for container-grown culinary herbs.BS 3936-4 was originally published at the re
11、quest of the Horticultural Trades Association and the National Farmers Union. This revision has been prepared following a periodic review.The market for wood from fast-grown poplars available when BS 3936-5 was first prepared has largely disappeared. Poplar and willow varieties are currently planted
12、 for amenity and biomass. Poplars are also included in the provisions of the Forest Reproductive Material Regulations 1. As the former parts 4 and 5 had increasingly much in common, they are now combined.The species listed in the tables in Annex A include all those named in recent publications descr
13、ibing forestry and woodland planting schemes. Details of sources are given in Annex A.Attention is drawn to the Forest Reproductive Material Regulations 2002 1 and the Plant Health (Great Britain) Order 1993 2. See Annex B.This document conforms closely to standards set by the National Plant Specifi
14、cation published by the Horticultural Trades Association 3 and guidance from the Joint Council for Landscape Industries 4 and is consistent with best contemporary forestry nursery practice.Plants marketed and supplied to this specification as forest nursery stock meet the requirements for Forestry C
15、ommission-funded grant schemes and, if suited to the site, meet the requirements of the UK Forestry Standard 51).1)Advice on current regulations and woodland grant schemes can be obtained from the Forestry Commission, 231 Corstorphine Road, Edinburgh, EH12 7AT. www forestry.gov.ukBS 3936-4:2007iv BS
16、I 2007It is a characteristic of crop husbandry that periodically, pests or diseases unexpectedly become more virulent than previously, and invalidate earlier recommendations based on many years of experience and practice. Regrettably, varieties of willow and poplar grown widely for biomass have rece
17、ntly suffered seriously from attacks of rusts and other fungal diseases. As a consequence, all lists of willow and poplar cultivars recommended as forest nursery stock are being revised. As it is uncertain when definitive lists will finally be available, recommended willow and poplar cultivar lists
18、are not included in this edition of this British Standard.Many of the tree species and varieties listed in Annex A are also grown onto larger sizes for amenity planting. BS 3936-1 specifies requirements for such stock.Presentational conventionsThe provisions of this standard are presented in roman (
19、i.e. upright) type. Its requirements are expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliary verb is “shall”.Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented in smaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element.Contractual and legal considerationsThis publicat
20、ion does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. BSI 2007 1BS 3936-4:20071 ScopeThis part of BS 3936 specifies requirements for forest nurser
21、y stock of a size suitable for planting or replanting of woodlands, woodland landscapes and land required for other purposes involving trees such as production of Christmas trees and production of biomass.It also specifies requirements for planting stock of poplars and willows.BS 3936-4 is relevant
22、to the supply of the young trees and shrubs for planting in woodland that falls within the scope of the Forest Reproductive Material (FRM) Regulations 1. It is not limited to such uses and can be applied to similar plants supplied for any woodland or landscape project.It includes specifications for
23、plant description, plant dimensions, health and condition, labelling, and packaging and storage, both for field-grown and for cell-grown plants.Requirements specified for plants being grown for sale or for transfer through market processes include: naming their origin and provenance or variety and/o
24、r cultivar; age and the cultural system under which they are raised; dimensions, including height or length, diameter at a specified point or in relation to a given height; condition (health); and care when supplying stock to the planter.2 Normative referenceThe following normative document contains
25、 provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this British Standard. ALDHOUS, J.R. and MASON, W.L., eds., Forest Nursery Practice, Bulletin 111. Edinburgh: Forestry Commission, 1994.3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this British Standard, the following terms an
26、d definitions apply.3.1 forest nursery stockplants of tree and shrub species and varieties, marketed as suitable for any planting that results in the creation, improvement, renewal or other development of woodland, forest or wooded amenity landscape or conservation area3.2 naming plants3.2.1 commerc
27、ial namecurrent botanical genus, species and where necessary, sub-species, variety or cultivar names of plantsNOTE These names are used in current statutory regulations and in commerce. They are shortened forms of the full botanical name. See Table A.1, Table A.2, Table A.3 and Table A.4 for names i
28、n current commerce.BS 3936-4:20072 BSI 20073.2.2 botanical namename consisting of genus and species, sub-species, variety, cultivar, clone or hybrid name where appropriate, and the authority who assigned the name3.2.3 common namename used in plants lists and current literature as a non-definitive ai
29、d to plant identity3.2.4 cultivarinternationally agreed name for a cultivated varietyNOTE 1 The complete name of a cultivar consists of the botanical name of its taxonomic group (genus and possibly species), followed by the cultivar “epithet”, e.g. Populus nigra “Italica”.NOTE 2 The cultivar is the
30、basic taxon for cultivated plants 6.NOTE 3 Many cultivar names are registered. The International Poplar Commission, for example, acts as international registration authority for all Populus L. cultivars 7. See www.fao.org/forestry3.2.5 clonegenetically identical group of plants originating from a si
31、ngle plant by vegetative propagationNOTE Clones can be given cultivar names.3.2.6 hybridplant that results from the cross-fertilization of two different species, sub-species or varieties3.2.7 origin of seedlocation of indigenous stand from which seed was collected, or to which a previous generation
32、of seed collection and plantation can be tracedNOTE A stand of trees is indigenous if it can reasonably be considered to have descended from trees which occurred naturally in the same locality.3.2.8 origin of cuttingsfor forestry species propagated vegetatively and not assigned a cultivar or varieta
33、l name, the location from which indigenous propagation material was first taken or to which a previous generation of cuttings can be tracedNOTE See B.3.3.3.2.9 provenance of seedgeographical location where seed was collected3.3 form and treatment of nursery plants3.3.1 seedlingplant grown from seed
34、in open ground or cells, and not transplanted since sowing or pricking outNOTE See Table 1. BSI 2007 3BS 3936-4:20073.3.2 transplantplant which has been transplanted one or more times into open groundNOTE 1 This term usually applies to bare-rooted stock transplanted at the end of the first or second
35、 growing season but might include four-year-old transplants (see Table 1).NOTE 2 Cell-grown trees may also occasionally be transplanted into open ground.3.3.3 undercut sever roots of seedlings at a regulated depth with a sharp horizontal blade drawn through the seedbed3.3.4 cutting short length of s
36、tem or root selected from a plant for its potential to develop new shoots and roots when inserted into soil or other rooting medium3.3.5 rooted cuttingplant grown from a cutting and bearing one or more years roots and shoots3.3.6 root collarlocation where the base of the aerial part of a plant meets
37、 the top of the root system3.3.7 setunrooted stem or branch, usually more than 1 m long and used for field plantingNOTE This definition applies only to poplars and willows.3.3.8 stoolrootstock maintained to produce cuttings and/or setsNOTE This definition applies to poplars and willows and other cop
38、picing species.3.3.9 stump cut back the stem of a plant or stool to a point slightly above the root collarNOTE This definition applies mostly to poplars and willows.3.4 cultural system3.4.1 field-growngrown in open nursery ground, as seedlings, undercut plants or transplantsNOTE Field-grown is also
39、known as open grown.3.4.2 cellstructure filled with growing medium into which seeds are placed individually or individual unrooted cuttings insertedNOTE The seeds may be dormant, or partly or fully pre-germinated, including pricked out newly germinated seedlings; cell walls may have vertical ridges
40、or grooves to guide root growth, or may be biodegradable; cells may be arranged in multi-cell trays or other modular structures.BS 3936-4:20074 BSI 20073.4.3 cell-grown plantplant grown in a cell under partially or fully controlled temperature and moisture regimesNOTE Roots may be air-pruned.3.4.4 c
41、ontainerstructure filled with growing medium into which an established rooted plant is transplantedNOTE The plant may be bare-rooted or have been raised in a smaller container or cell.3.4.5 container-grown plantplant grown in a container under partially or fully controlled moisture and temperature r
42、egimes until of marketable size or moved to a larger containerNOTE Such plants are normally considered too large and expensive for use as forestry planting stock.3.5 plant dimensions3.5.1 height of rooted plantsdistance from the root collar to the tip of the bud of the leading shootNOTE 1 Heights ar
43、e recorded in centimetres.NOTE 2 Where plants are sold in bulk and not individually, the height of the bulk supply is expressed as a range defining the maximum and minimum height of the lot of plants under consideration. See Table 2.3.5.2 height of unrooted setsdistance from the base of the set to i
44、ts tip3.5.3 stem diameter point of measurement depending on the plant material being measuredNOTE Stem diameters are measured in millimetres.3.5.4 stem diameterdiameter of the main stem measured at 0.5 m or 1.0 m above the root collar3.5.5 stem diameter diameter at the top of the cutting3.5.6 stem d
45、iameter diameter of set at mid length3.5.7 root collar diameter (rcd)diameter of the main stem at the root collar3.5.8 sturdiness relationship between root collar diameter, measured in millimetres, and stem height, measured in centimetres3.5.9 sturdiness minimum root collar diameter for a given heig
46、ht range BSI 2007 5BS 3936-4:20073.5.10 sturdiness minimum root collar diameter for a maximum height 3.6 Age and treatment of plants3.6.1 plant age and typestatement of a plants history in the nursery, commonly abbreviated using symbols and digitsNOTE See Table 1 and 4.2.3.7 cultural terms3.7.1 prun
47、ing woundarea on stem exposed by removing a branch3.7.2 root membrane permeabilityrate of leakage of ions across root cell membranes into distilled water under standard test conditionsNOTE See 5.3.3.4 Plant description4.1 Naming of plants4.1.1 GeneralConifers, broadleaves, poplars and willows shall
48、be named using the commercial names listed in Annex A, Table A.1, Table A.2, Table A.3 and Table A.4.4.1.2 Origin and provenanceAvailable details of the origin of seed and provenance of seed shall be given on request to any interested parties whenever stock raised from seed is marketed.Available det
49、ails of origin shall be given on request when marketing species, whether conifer or broadleaved, that have been propagated vegetatively and have not been assigned a variety or cultivar name.4.1.3 Variety or cultivarIf not already part of the plant name, details of variety or cultivar shall be given on request to any interested parties whenever such stock is marketed.4.2 Age and type of plants4.2.1 GeneralFor each lot of plants marketed, the age and type of plants at the time of expected su
