1、Design for manufacture, assembly, disassembly and endoflife processing (MADE)Part 2: Terms and definitionsBS 88872:2009raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI British StandardsBS 8887-2:2009 BRITISH STANDARDPublishing and copyright informa
2、tionThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. BSI 2009 ISBN 978 0 580 63285 3ICS 01.100.01The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference TDW/4 Draft for comment 08/30182996 DCPublication historyFirst publis
3、hed April 2009Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affected BRITISH STANDARD BSI 2009 iBS 8887-2:2009ContentsForeword ii1 Scope 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions 1AnnexesAnnex A (informative) Overview of MADE 8Bibliography 9List of figuresFigure A.1 Product lifecycle 8Summary
4、of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to ii, pages 1 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover.BS 8887-2:2009ii BSI 2009BRITISH STANDARDForewordPublishing informationThis part of BS 8887 was published by BSI and came into effect on 30 April 2009. It was pre
5、pared by Technical Committee TDW/4, Technical product realization (TPR) Methodology, presentation and verification. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Relationship with other standardsWhen finished, BS 8887 will be published in a number
6、of parts, including: Part 1: General concepts, process and requirements; Part 2: Terms and definitions.Other parts are being developed.Presentational conventionsThe provisions of this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Commentary, explanation and general informative material is pre
7、sented in smaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element.Contractual and legal considerationsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer i
8、mmunity from legal obligations.BRITISH STANDARD BSI 2009 1BS 8887-2:20091 ScopeThis part of BS 8887 defines terms for design for manufacture, assembly, disassembly and end-of-life processing (MADE).NOTE 1 An overview of MADE is given in Annex A.NOTE 2 This vocabulary was drafted with users of BS 888
9、7, BS 8888 and BS 8889 in mind (see BS 88871:2006, Annex D).NOTE 3 Although terms are often defined differently in different industries, this standard has been drafted to attempt to provide a single definition for common terms in as many cases as possible, so that any particular word is used consist
10、ently in the MADE series (and related series). 2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any a
11、mendments) applies.BS 7000-10:2008, Design management systems Part 10: Vocabulary of terms used in design managementBS 8887-1:2006, Design for manufacture, assembly, disassembly and endoflife processing (MADE) Part 1: General concepts, process and requirementsBS 8888:2008, Technical product specific
12、ation (TPS) Specification3 Terms and definitions 3.1 asnewproduct returned to a condition where it meets its original specification, from the users perspective3.2 assemblebring components together and fit them into a specified configuration3.3 assemblycollection of components fitted together in such
13、 a way as to be considered as a single unit for subsequent operations or use3.4 boughtoutparts available to buy from a catalogue, or other generally available source3.5 carbon footprintmeasure of the total carbon dioxide equivalent emitted over a defined portion of the lifecycle of a product or acti
14、vity NOTE 1 A stated carbon footprint has to be accompanied by a definition of the portion of the lifecycle (i.e. which stages of manufacture, use and endoflife) and the assumptions made in its calculation.NOTE 2 Carbon dioxide equivalent is a measure used to compare the emissions from various green
15、house gases based upon their global warming potential.BS 8887-2:20092 BSI 2009BRITISH STANDARD3.6 componentpart or small assembly of parts used as part of a larger assemblyNOTE In some industries, a component can be defined as a “constituent part of a device which cannot be physically divided into s
16、maller parts without losing its particular function”.3.7 custom partsparts made specifically for a product, or related series of products3.8 hazardous substance or preparationsubstance or preparation that is, under certain conditions, likely to be injurious to health, safety or the environmentNOTE T
17、he use of such substances is often restricted by law.3.9 date of acceptancedate of issuepoint in time at which all interested parties agree that the technical product specification is to be considered finalized to the extent that manufacturing can commenceNOTE From BS 8888:2008.3.10 design for the e
18、nvironmentenvironmentally conscious design green design (deprecated) ecodesign (deprecated)systematic approach which takes into account environmental aspects in the design and development process with the aim to reduce adverse environmental impactsNOTE Environmental impact should ideally be assessed
19、 over the whole product lifecycle.3.11 disassemblynon-destructive taking apart of an assembled product into constituent materials and/or components 3.12 disposalany operation which is not recovery even where the operation has as a secondary consequence the reclamation of substances or energyWaste Fr
20、amework Directive 13.13 endoflifepoint at which a product or component is taken out of use 3.14 energy recoveryproduction of useful energy from waste through direct and controlled combustion ISO 15270, modified3.15 environmental aspectelement of an organizations activities or products that can inter
21、act with the environmentNOTE A significant environmental aspect has or can have a significant environmental impact.BS EN ISO 14001:2004, 3.6, modifiedBRITISH STANDARD BSI 2009 3BS 8887-2:20093.16 environmental impactany change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partly resul
22、ting from an organizations environmental aspectsBS EN ISO 14001:2004, 3.73.17 flufffibrous waste, perhaps produced where it might interfere with subsequent operationNOTE Particularly applicable to the automotive industry.3.18 geometrical product specificationGPSsystem for defining the shape (geometr
23、y), dimensions and surface characteristics of a workpieceBS 8888:20083.19 lifecyclelife cycle whole life of the product from concept to end-of-life3.20 machine assemblyassembly carried out by programmed machinery3.21 maintenanceplanned inspection and, where necessary, replacement of consumable parts
24、 during product lifetime3.22 material reductionmodification of the design of components and assemblies to achieve the same performance using less material3.23 modular assemblyassembly made up of a series of components, which may be exchanged for others, using the same pre-defined interfaces3.24 orie
25、ntationrotational position in space (relative or absolute) a part must have in order for some operation or assembly process to be carried out3.25 partindividual piece of shaped material or set of pieces permanently connected together to be used in an assembly3.26 partcountnumber of parts in an assem
26、bly3.27 part handlingmethod of transporting, moving or manipulating parts during the production process3.28 process (verb)transform a material, component or assembly, from one configuration or state to another3.29 process (noun)set of interrelated or interacting activities which transform a material
27、, component or assembly, from one configuration or state to anotherISO 9000:2005, 3.4.1, modifiedBS 8887-2:20094 BSI 2009BRITISH STANDARD3.30 reconditionreturn a used product to a satisfactory working condition by rebuilding or repairing major components that are close to failure, even where there a
28、re no reported or apparent faults in those componentsNOTE With respect to reconditioning: manufacturing effort involves the replacement of worn or broken parts, generally less extensive than required to remanufacture, but more than necessary for repair; performance after reconditioning is expected t
29、o perform its intended role but the overall performance is likely to be inferior to that of the original model; and any subsequent warranty is generally less than new or a remanufactured product but the warranty is likely to cover the whole product (unlike repair); reconditioned products do not requ
30、ire a warranty equivalent to that of a newly manufactured equivalent.3.31 recoveryprocess in which waste material is either treated to release materials in a form where they can be used again, or used as fuel in energy recovery prIEC 6254, 3.2.20. 3.32 recycleprocess waste materials for the original
31、 purpose or for other purposes, excluding energy recovery NOTE A more specific definition for electrical and electronic equipment is given in The WEEE Directives 2, implemented in the UK by The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Regulations 2006 3.3.33 refurbishSee reconditioning (3.30).3.34
32、remanufacturereturn a used product to at least its original performance with a warranty that is equivalent or better than that of the newly manufactured product NOTE 1 From a customer viewpoint, the remanufactured product can be considered to be the same as the new product.NOTE 2 With respect to rem
33、anufacture: manufacturing effort involves dismantling the product, the restoration and replacement of components and testing of the individual parts and whole product to ensure that it is within its original design specifications; performance after remanufacture is expected to be at least to the ori
34、ginal performance specification; and any subsequent warranty is generally at least equal to that of new product.NOTE 3 This assumes that remanufacture applies to likeforlike products.3.35 renewablereplenishable from natural sources, at a rate greater than consumptionNOTE This can apply to materials
35、and energy.BRITISH STANDARD BSI 2009 5BS 8887-2:20093.36 repairreturning a faulty or broken product or component back to a usable state NOTE 1 A repair may use remanufactured or reconditioned parts.NOTE 2 With respect to repair: manufacturing effort is the minimum required to address the specified f
36、ault; after remanufacture, the product is expected to be in a useable state, but assurances of performance are generally limited to the repaired part; and any subsequent warranty is generally less than that of newly manufactured, remanufactured or reconditioned equivalents and may apply only to the
37、component that has been replaced or repaired.3.37 repurpose utilize a product or its components in a role that it was not originally designed to performNOTE 1 This action deals specifically with products and assemblies and not materials, which falls under recycling.NOTE 2 Augmentation of the product
38、 may be required to fulfil its new role.3.38 reuseoperation by which a product or its components are put back into use for the same purpose at end-of-lifeNOTE Based on The WEEE Directives 2, implemented in the UK by The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Regulations 2006 3.3.39 reverse engine
39、eringsituation where a product or component is analysed to obtain information 3.40 reverse logisticsprocess of recovering products and materials from the point of use NOTE 1 This is for the purpose of recapturing value or proper disposal.NOTE 2 Based on BS 700010:2008.3.41 robotic assemblyassembly c
40、arried out by programmable machines3.42 scrapleft over material from any process in a products lifecycle 3.43 setupparticular configuration of parts and tooling for a specific operation3.44 shreddingprocess of cutting or tearing which reduces products and/or materials to smaller pieces 3.45 subassem
41、blyset of components, built as a single unit, forming part of a subsequent larger assemblyBS 8887-2:20096 BSI 2009BRITISH STANDARD3.46 supply chainseries of organizations which apply processes at any point within the lifecycleNOTE Typically, this would be taken to mean the supply of a product to mar
42、ket, but could also include replacement of parts and return to manufacture.3.47 sustainable designdesign for sustainability design that aims to optimize the positive environmental, economic and social impacts of a product3.48 technical product documentTPDmeans of conveying all or part of a design de
43、finition or specification of a product for manufacturing and verification purposesBS 8888:20083.49 technical product realizationTPRsystem facilitating co-operation between disciplines to effect conversion of a concept into correctly functioning workpieces or product, to time and with minimal rework/
44、reject requirement3.50 technical product specificationTPScollection of technical product documents comprising the complete design definition and specification of a product, for its whole lifecycleNOTE 1 A TPS was previously called a technical product document set.NOTE 2 A TPS can consist of one or m
45、ore TPDs.NOTE 3 A TPS will contain GPS (see 3.18) applications.BS 8888:2008, 3.4, modified3.51 toolingdevices necessary to manufacture, hold or position a part or parts for processing3.52 validationconfirmation by examination and provision of objective evidence that the particular requirements for a
46、 specific intended use are fulfilledNOTE 1 In design and development, validation concerns the process of examining a product to determine conformity with user needs.NOTE 2 Validation is normally performed on the final product under defined operating conditions. It may be necessary in earlier stages.
47、NOTE 3 Multiple validations may be carried out if there are different intended uses.NOTE 4 From BS 700010:2008.3.53 verificationconfirmation, through the provision of objective evidence, that the specified requirements have been fulfilledBS 7000-10:2008BRITISH STANDARD BSI 2009 7BS 8887-2:20093.54 w
48、holelife costscosts incurred or arising out of the creation, fabrication, use, maintenance, disposal and final elimination of a productBS 7000-10:2008NOTE 1 This also includes the costs to recruit, train and retrain personnel, and other indirect costs in the organization.NOTE 2 There is an effect of
49、 reuse on wholelife cost Cwl. That is:CC nC Cnwloem rmf eol=+ +1whereCoemis the cost of original manufacture;Crmfis the cost of remanufacturing;Ceolis the endoflife cost;n is the number of times the product is remanufactured.BS 8887-2:20098 BSI 2009BRITISH STANDARDAnnex A (informative) Overview of MADE The potential lifecycle(s) of a product and its materials are shown in Figure A.1.Figure A.1 Product lifecycleNOTE The likely change in warranty level compared to the origina
