1、BS EN ISO10211:2007ICS 91.120.10NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDThermal bridges inbuilding construction Heat flows andsurface temperatures Detailedcalculations (ISO10211:2007)Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 04/06/2009 07:52
2、, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIThis British Standardwas published under theauthority of the StandardsPolicy and StrategyCommittee on 28 February2009 BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 64346 0Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS EN ISO 10211:2007National forewordThis British Standard is the
3、 UK implementation of EN ISO 10211:2007.It supersedes BS EN ISO 10211-1:1996 and BS EN ISO 10211-2:2001which are withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/540, Energy performance of materials components andbuildings.A list of organizations represented on
4、 this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.Licensed Copy: Wang Bin
5、, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 04/06/2009 07:52, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 10211December 2007ICS 91.120.10 Supersedes EN ISO 10211-1:1995, EN ISO 10211-2:2001English VersionThermal bridges in building construction - Heat flows andsurface tempera
6、tures - Detailed calculations (ISO 10211:2007)Ponts thermiques dans les btiments - Flux thermiques ettempratures superficielles - Calculs dtaills (ISO10211:2007)Wrmebrcken im Hochbau - Wrmestrme undOberflchentemperaturen - Detaillierte Berechnungen (ISO10211:2007)This European Standard was approved
7、by CEN on 7 December 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstanda
8、rds may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to t
9、he CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherl
10、ands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in an
11、y form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 10211:2007: ELicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 04/06/2009 07:52, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN ISO 10211:2007EN ISO 10211:2007 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 10211:2007) has been prepared
12、by Technical Committee ISO/TC 163 “Thermal performance and energy use in the built environment“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 89 “Thermal performance of buildings and building components“, the secretariat of which is held by SIS. This European Standard shall be given the status of
13、 a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2008. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of pat
14、ent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 10211-1:1995, EN ISO 10211-2:2001. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound
15、to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Swit
16、zerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 10211:2007 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 10211:2007 without any modification. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 04/06/2009 07:52, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN ISO 10211:2007ISO 10211:2007(E) ISO 2007 Al
17、l rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword. v Introduction . vi 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms, definitions, symbols, units and subscripts2 3.1 Terms and definitions .2 3.2 Symbols and units.6 3.3 Subscripts 7 4 Principles7 5 Modelling of the construction 7 5.1 Dimension systems .7 5.2
18、Rules for modelling .7 5.3 Conditions for simplifying the geometrical model.13 6 Input data17 6.1 General17 6.2 Thermal conductivities of materials 18 6.3 Surface resistances.18 6.4 Boundary temperatures 18 6.5 Thermal conductivity of quasi-homogeneous layers 18 6.6 Equivalent thermal conductivity o
19、f air cavities 18 6.7 Determining the temperature in an adjacent unheated room .19 7 Calculation method19 7.1 Solution technique.19 7.2 Calculation rules19 8 Determination of thermal coupling coefficients and heat flow rate from 3-D calculations .20 8.1 Two boundary temperatures, unpartitioned model
20、20 8.2 Two boundary temperatures, partitioned model20 8.3 More than two boundary temperatures .21 9 Calculations using linear and point thermal transmittances from 3-D calculations 21 9.1 Calculation of thermal coupling coefficient21 9.2 Calculation of linear and point thermal transmittances 22 10 D
21、etermination of thermal coupling coefficient, heat flow rate and linear thermal transmittance from 2-D calculations23 10.1 Two boundary temperatures 23 10.2 More than two boundary temperatures .23 10.3 Determination of the linear thermal transmittance 23 10.4 Determination of the linear thermal tran
22、smittance for wall/floor junctions.24 10.5 Determination of the external periodic heat transfer coefficient for ground floors .25 11 Determination of the temperature at the internal surface .26 11.1 Determination of the temperature at the internal surface from 3-D calculations .26 11.2 Determination
23、 of the temperature at the internal surface from 2-D calculations .27 12 Input and output data 28 12.1 Input data28 12.2 Output data.28 Annex A (normative) Validation of calculation methods 30 Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 04/06/2009 07:52, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN IS
24、O 10211:2007ISO 10211:2007(E) iv ISO 2007 All rights reservedAnnex B (informative) Examples of the determination of the linear and point thermal transmittances. 37 Annex C (informative) Determination of values of thermal coupling coefficient and temperature weighting factor for more than two boundar
25、y temperatures . 40 Bibliography . 45 Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 04/06/2009 07:52, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN ISO 10211:2007ISO 10211:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved vForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of
26、national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. Inte
27、rnational organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with th
28、e rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval b
29、y at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 10211 was prepared by Technical Committee IS
30、O/TC 163, Thermal performance and energy use in the built environment, Subcommittee SC 2, Calculation methods. This first edition of ISO 10211 cancels and replaces ISO 10211-1:1995 and ISO 10211-2:2001, which have been technically revised. The principal changes are as follows: this first edition of
31、ISO 10211 merges the title and general contents of ISO 10211-1:1995 and ISO 10211-2:2001 into a single document; Clause 3 indicates that ISO 10211 now uses only temperature factor, and not temperature difference ratio; 5.2.2 specifies that cut-off planes are to be located at the larger of 1 m and th
32、ree times the thickness of the flanking element; 5.2.4 contains a revised version of Table 1 to correct error for three-dimensional calculations and to clarify intentions; 5.2.7 specifies that acceptable criterion is either on heat flow or on surface temperature; the heat flow criterion has been cha
33、nged from 2 % to 1 %; 6.3 specifies that surface resistance values are to be obtained from ISO 6946 for heat flow calculations and from ISO 13788 for condensation calculations; the contents of Annexes E and G of ISO 10211-1:1995 have been deleted in favour of references to ISO 13788; 6.6 specifies t
34、hat data for air cavities is obtained from ISO 6946, EN 673 or ISO 10077-2; the contents of Annex B of ISO 10211-1:1995 have been deleted in favour of these references; 10.4 contains text formerly in ISO 13370, revised to specify that linear thermal transmittance values for wall/floor junctions are
35、the difference between the numerical result and the result from using ISO 13370 (a more consistent definition); Annex A contains corrections to results for case 3; the conformity criterion for case 3 has been changed from 2 % of heat flow to 1 %; a new case 4 has been added; Annex C contains a corre
36、cted procedure; all remaining annexes from ISO 10211-1:1995 and ISO 10211-2:2001 have been deleted. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 04/06/2009 07:52, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN ISO 10211:2007ISO 10211:2007(E) vi ISO 2007 All rights reservedIntroduction Thermal bridges, wh
37、ich in general occur at any junction between building components or where the building structure changes composition, have two consequences compared with those of the unbridged structure: a) a change in heat flow rate, and b) a change in internal surface temperature. Although similar calculation pro
38、cedures are used, the procedures are not identical for the calculation of heat flows and of surface temperatures. A thermal bridge usually gives rise to three-dimensional or two-dimensional heat flows, which can be precisely determined using detailed numerical calculation methods as described in thi
39、s International Standard. In many applications, numerical calculations based on a two-dimensional representation of the heat flows provide results of adequate accuracy, especially when the constructional element is uniform in one direction. A discussion of other methods for assessing the effect of t
40、hermal bridges is provided in ISO 14683. ISO 10211 was originally published in two parts, dealing with three-dimensional and two-dimensional calculations separately. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 04/06/2009 07:52, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN ISO 10211:2007INTERNATIONAL S
41、TANDARD ISO 10211:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 1Thermal bridges in building construction Heat flows and surface temperatures Detailed calculations 1 Scope This International Standard sets out the specifications for a three-dimensional and a two-dimensional geometrical model of a thermal brid
42、ge for the numerical calculation of: heat flows, in order to assess the overall heat loss from a building or part of it; minimum surface temperatures, in order to assess the risk of surface condensation. These specifications include the geometrical boundaries and subdivisions of the model, the therm
43、al boundary conditions, and the thermal values and relationships to be used. This International Standard is based upon the following assumptions: all physical properties are independent of temperature; there are no heat sources within the building element. This International Standard can also be use
44、d for the derivation of linear and point thermal transmittances and of surface temperature factors. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the late
45、st edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 6946, Building components and building elements Thermal resistance and thermal transmittance Calculation method ISO 7345, Thermal insulation Physical quantities and definitions ISO 13370:2007, Thermal performance of buildi
46、ngs Heat transfer via the ground Calculation methods ISO 13788, Hygrothermal performance of building components and building elements Internal surface temperature to avoid critical surface humidity and interstitial condensation Calculation methods Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARD
47、S, 04/06/2009 07:52, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN ISO 10211:2007ISO 10211:2007(E) 2 ISO 2007 All rights reserved3 Terms, definitions, symbols, units and subscripts 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 7345 and the following apply. 3.1
48、.1 thermal bridge part of the building envelope where the otherwise uniform thermal resistance is significantly changed by full or partial penetration of the building envelope by materials with a different thermal conductivity, and/or a change in thickness of the fabric, and/or a difference between
49、internal and external areas, such as occur at wall/floor/ceiling junctions 3.1.2 linear thermal bridge thermal bridge with a uniform cross-section along one of the three orthogonal axes 3.1.3 point thermal bridge localized thermal bridge whose influence can be represented by a point thermal transmittance 3.1.4 three-dimensional geometrical model 3-D geometrical model geometrical model, deduced from building plans, such that for each of the orthogonal axes the cross-section perpendicular to that axis ch
