1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 11267:2014Soil quality Inhibition ofreproduction of Collembola(Folsomia candida) by soilcontaminants (ISO 11267:2014)BS EN ISO 11267:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 11267:2014. It supersedes BS 7755-4.2
2、.4:1999 (dual numbered as ISO 11267:1999), which is withdrawn. This revised version of ISO 11267:1999 primarily relates to the inclusion of a methodology for the testing of field or “contaminated” soil. In the opinion of the committee, the standard appears to have been prepared without satisfactory
3、validation trials. During the drafting of this revision, the UK committee raised three primary concerns relating to this standard, as follows: Field soils from potentially contaminated sites may be clayey or contain stones, plant roots and other matter. It may be difficult to achieve the 30 g repres
4、entative soil sample using a 4 mm sieve (as stated in subclause 5.2.1 of the standard). Hand sorting and larger mesh sizes may be more practical. Field-collected soils may contain high fungal loading. Under the optimal growth conditions used in the incubation phase of the Collembola test, fungal hyp
5、hae can undergo considerable growth such that they may form a mat covering the surface of the soil. This can prevent movement of the Collembola at the soilair interface, thereby reducing survival and reproduction. It can also hinder successful measurement of the survival and reproduction endpoints.I
6、f the growth of fungal mats occurs, further guidance can be found in the Environment Agencys Standard Operating Procedures for Bioassays, published in the series An ecological risk assessment framework for contaminants in soil (Science report SC070009/SR3). When applying the validation criteria, par
7、ticularly concerning field-collected soil past experience has suggested these performance criteria may be difficult to achieve even during tests conducted in OECD standardised soil. This means that for tests using field soils it is very likely that one of the validation criteria will not be met1.The
8、 UKs ecological risk assessment (ERA) framework for land contamination (Environment Agency, 2008)2, recommends accepting the results of Collembola bioassays used incontaminated land assessment that do not meet all the required criteria. Professional judgement and the experience of the testing labora
9、tory should be used when applying this standard in relation to UK regulations, for example by considering data with results obtained in other Collembola tests undertaken by the laboratory. As experience is gained it may be possible to refine the acceptance criteria.The UK participation in its prepar
10、ation was entrusted to Technical Committee EH/4, Soil quality.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.1 Weeks J M, Spurgeon D J, Svendsen C, Hankard P K, Kammenga J E, Dallinger R, Khler H R, Simonsen V, Scott-Fordsmand J (2004). Critical Ana
11、lysis of Soil Invertebrate Biomarkers: A Field Case Study in Avonmouth, UK. Ecotoxicology, Volume 13, Issue 8 , pp 817-8222 Environment Agency (2008). An ecological risk assessment framework for contaminants in soil. Science report SC070009/SR1, SR2a, SR2b, SR2c, SR2d, SR2e and SR3.BS EN ISO 11267:2
12、014BRITISH STANDARDThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 73147 1ICS 13.080.30Compliance with a British S
13、tandard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2014.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedThis page deliberately left blankEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPE
14、NNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 11267 February 2014 ICS 13.080.30 English Version Soil quality - Inhibition of reproduction of Collembola (Folsomia candida) by soil contaminants (ISO 11267:2014) Qualit du sol - Inhibition de la reproduction de Collembola (Folsomia candida) par des contaminants du sol (IS
15、O 11267:2014) Bodenbeschaffenheit - Hemmung der Reproduktion von Collembolen (Folsomia candida) durch Verunreinigungen (ISO 11267:2014) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 4 January 2014. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditio
16、ns for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in
17、 three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standard
18、s bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Sloven
19、ia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved w
20、orldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 11267:2014 EBS EN ISO 11267:2014EN ISO 11267:2014 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 11267:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190 “Soil quality” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 345 “Characterization of soils” th
21、e secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2014. Attention is
22、 drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the fol
23、lowing countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands,
24、 Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 11267:2014 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 11267:2014 without any modification. BS EN ISO 11267:2014ISO 11267:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved
25、iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Principle 35 Reagents and material 46 Apparatus . 67 Procedure. 67.1 Experimental design 67.2 Preparation of test mixture 77.3 Addition of the biological material 97.4 Test conditions and measure
26、ments 97.5 Determination of surviving Collembola 98 Calculation and expression of results . 98.1 Calculation 98.2 Expression of results 99 Validity of the test .1010 Statistical analysis 1010.1 General 1010.2 Single-concentration tests 1010.3 Multi-concentration tests 1111 Test report 11Annex A (inf
27、ormative) Techniques for rearing and breeding of Collembola .13Annex B (informative) Determination of water-holding capacity 15Annex C (informative) Guidance on adjustment of pH of artificial soil .16Annex D (informative) Extraction and counting of Collembola .17Bibliography .18BS EN ISO 11267:2014I
28、SO 11267:2014(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subjec
29、t for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
30、 on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be not
31、ed. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying
32、any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of
33、users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Suppleme
34、ntary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 190, Soil quality, Subcommittee SC 4, Biological methods.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 11267:1999), which has been technically revised.iv ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 11267:2014ISO 11267
35、:2014(E)IntroductionEcotoxicological test systems are applied to obtain information about the effects of contaminants in soil and are proposed to complement conventional chemical analysis (see 2 and 4). Reference 2 includes a list and short characterization of recommended and standardized test syste
36、ms and 4 gives guidance on the choice and evaluation of the bioassays. Aquatic test systems with soil eluate are applied to obtain information about the fraction of contaminants potentially reaching the groundwater by the water path (retention function of soils), whereas terrestrial test systems are
37、 used to assess the habitat function of soils.Soil-dwelling Collembola are ecologically relevant species for ecotoxicological testing. Springtails are prey animals for a variety of endogeic and epigeic invertebrates and they contribute to decomposition processes in soils. In acidic soils they may be
38、 the most important soil invertebrates besides enchytraeids with respect to that function, since earthworms are typically absent.19Additionally, Collembola represent arthropod species with a different route and a different rate of exposure compared to earthworms1and enchytraeids.3Various species wer
39、e used in bioassays of which four species were used most commonly, Folsomia candida, Folsomia fimetaria, Onychiurus armatus, and Orchesella cincta.20Numerous soil toxicity tests supported by Environment Canada (EC) resulted in the development and standardization of a biological test method for deter
40、mining the lethal and sublethal toxicity of samples of contaminated soil to Collembola.10The method prepared by EC includes three species, Orthonychiurus folsomi, Folsomia candida, and Folsomia fimetaria. As standardized test systems using Collembola as indicator organisms for the habitat function o
41、f soil, another two methods exist. One is designed for assessing the effects of substances on the reproductive output of the Collembola, Folsomia fimetaria L. and Folsomia candida Willem in soil,19,21, and the other method described here, focuses on testing contaminated soil. Optionally the method c
42、an be used for testing substances added to standard soils (e.g. artificial soil) for their sublethal hazard potential to Collembola.This International Standard describes a method that is based on the determination of sublethal effects of contaminated soils to adult Collembola of the species Folsomia
43、 candida Willem. The species is distributed worldwide. It plays a similar ecological role to Folsomia fimetaria.10,19Folsomia candida reproduces parthenogenetically and is an easily accessible species as it is commercially available and easy to culture. Folsomia candida is considered to be a represe
44、ntative of soil arthropods and Collembola in particular. Background information on the ecology of springtails and their use in ecotoxicological testing is available.22 ISO 2014 All rights reserved vBS EN ISO 11267:2014BS EN ISO 11267:2014Soil quality Inhibition of reproduction of Collembola (Folsomi
45、a candida) by soil contaminants1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies one of the methods for evaluating the habitat function of soils and determining effects of soil contaminants and substances on the reproduction of Folsomia candida Willem by dermal and alimentary uptake. This chronic test is
46、 applicable to soils and soil materials of unknown quality, e.g. from contaminated sites, amended soils, soils after remediation, industrial, agricultural or other sites of concern and waste materials.Effects of substances are assessed using a standard soil, preferably a defined artificial soil subs
47、trate. For contaminated soils, the effects are determined in the soil to be tested and in a control soil. According to the objective of the study, the control and dilution substrate (dilution series of contaminated soil) are either an uncontaminated soil comparable to the soil to be tested (referenc
48、e soil) or a standard soil (e.g. artificial soil).This International Standard provides information on how to use this method for testing substances under temperate conditions.The method is not applicable to volatile substances, i.e. substances for which H (Henrys constant) or the air/water partition
49、 coefficient is greater than 1, or for which the vapour pressure exceeds 0,013 3 Pa at 25 C.NOTE The stability of the test substance cannot be ensured over the test period. No provision is made in the test method for monitoring the persistence of the substance under test.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the ref
