1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 18333:2014Pallets for materials handling Quality of new woodencomponents for flat palletsBS ISO 18333:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 18333:2014. Itsupersedes BS ISO 18333:2002 which is withdrawn.The UK parti
2、cipation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PKW/0/-/11, Packaging - Wood.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible
3、for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 80182 2ICS 55.180.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy
4、and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 18333:2014 ISO 2014Pallets for materials handling Quality of new wooden components for flat palletsPalettes pour la manutention et le transport de marchandises Qualit des composants neufs en bois pou
5、r palettes platesINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO18333Second edition2014-07-01Reference numberISO 18333:2014(E)BS ISO 18333:2014ISO 18333:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced
6、 or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO
7、copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 18333:2014ISO 18333:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Term
8、s and definitions . 14 Species . 35 Quality characteristics 36 Moisture content of components . 37 Preparation of pallet components . 37.1 Manufacturing tolerances 37.2 Deckboard chamfer . 57.3 Stringer notches . 5Bibliography 7BS ISO 18333:2014ISO 18333:2014(E)ForewordISO (the International Organiz
9、ation for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established
10、 has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.Th
11、e procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the e
12、ditorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent
13、rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an
14、explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this
15、document is ISO/TC 51, Pallets for unit load method of materials handling.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 18333:2002), which has been technically revised.iv ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 18333:2014ISO 18333:2014(E)IntroductionEfficient international transportatio
16、n of products depends on both pallet strength and functionality, or fit, to the material handling systems. Existing International Standards address issues of strength and some issues regarding functionality of pallets. However, major issues related to the minimum material quality and manufacturing a
17、nd repair workmanship are not addressed in current International Standards. These factors can significantly impact the efficiency of international unit load material handling practices.The purpose of this International Standard is to establish internationally recognized minimum acceptable quality le
18、vels for wooden parts commonly used for the assembly of timber pallets. These parts are stringers, stringerboards, blocks, and deckboards. The properties of these components affect pallet performance.There are four related International Standards: ISO 15629; ISO 18333; ISO 18334; ISO 18613. ISO 2014
19、 All rights reserved vBS ISO 18333:2014BS ISO 18333:2014Pallets for materials handling Quality of new wooden components for flat pallets1 ScopeThis International Standard gives guidance on minimum recommended timber quality characteristics. It is applicable to new stringers, stringerboards, blocks,
20、and deckboards used for flat wooden pallet assembly.This International Standard does not address the phytosanitation and safety problems, if any, associated with the use of these components.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this documen
21、t and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 445, Pallets for materials handling VocabularyEN 844-3, Round and sawn timber Terminology Pa
22、rt 3: General terms relating to sawn timberEN 844-9, Round and sawn timber Terminology Part 9: Terms relating to features of sawn timberEN 844-10, Round and sawn timber Terminology Part 10: Terms relating to stain and fungal attackEN 844-12, Round and sawn timber Terminology Part 12: Additional term
23、s and general indexInternational Standards for Phytosanitary Measures Publication No. 15 (ISPM 15), Regulation for wood packaging material in international trade3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 445, EN 844-3, EN 844-9, EN 844-10 and EN
24、844-12 and the following apply.3.1bark pocketbark that is partly or wholly enclosed in the wood3.2boxed heartpith that is present and not visible in any face or edge3.3decaydisintegration of the wood substance due to actions of wood-destroying fungi3.4exposed pithpith that is visible on a part or th
25、e full length of a face or on an edge3.5face shakefissure showing on a face and possibly at the endINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18333:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 18333:2014ISO 18333:2014(E)3.6fungal decaybiodeterioration caused by fungi3.7heart shakeradial end shake originating at the
26、 pith3.8intergrown knotknot that, on the surface considered, is intergrown with the surrounding wood for more than three quarters of its cross-sectional perimeter3.9oblique shakefissure at an angle to the arris, showing on a face and/or an edge3.10resin pocketlens-shaped cavity in timber containing,
27、 or that has contained, resin3.11ring shakefissure following the line of the growth ring3.12sound knotknot showing no indication of rot3.13splitfissure that extends from one surface to another3.14straight shakefissure approximately parallel with the arris3.15unsound knotknot affected by rot3.16waneo
28、riginal rounded surface of a log, with or without bark, on any face or edge of sawn timber3.17notch areaarea above the notch and within 50 mm of either end of the notch, to include half the notch depthNote 1 to entry: See Figure 2.3.18blue stainstain caused by fungi, where discoloration ranges from
29、pale blue to blackNote 1 to entry: This usually affects the sapwood of certain species.2 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 18333:2014ISO 18333:2014(E)3.19doteearly stage of rot, characterized by discoloured streaks or patches in the wood, where the general texture and strength properties remain mor
30、e or less unchangedNote 1 to entry: It occurs prior to felling or during storage.3.20rotdecomposition of wood by fungi or other microorganisms, resulting in softening, progressive loss of mass and strength, and often a change of texture and colour4 SpeciesThe species of woods used in pallet manufact
31、ure are numerous and are not limited in this International Standard. However, the species selected significantly influences pallet performance. Therefore, when specifying wooden pallets, the permissible timber species should be indicated.NOTE Properties of timber species can be determined from ISO 3
32、131, ISO 3133, and ISO 3349.5 Quality characteristicsPallet components should meet or exceed the minimum quality levels of Q1 or Q2 as indicated by the characteristic limitations contained in Table 1, and according to a previously specified minimum percentage of quality levels per component.6 Moistu
33、re content of componentsThe moisture content of pallet components is not limited to any value.NOTE However, the moisture content of wood in pallets can affect strength and functionality. Below 20 % moisture content, there is a minimal risk of biological infestation.7 Preparation of pallet components
34、7.1 Manufacturing tolerances7.1.1 Target dimensionsWooden components should have a target thickness and width, and be uniform in dimension; and 50 % of components should meet or exceed the target dimension at the time of manufacture.The target dimension should be adequate to meet the pallet specific
35、ation requirements including the tolerances.EXAMPLE If the pallet specification for component thickness is 22 (+2/-0) mm and the manufacturing tolerance is 1,5 mm, then the target manufacturing thickness should be 23,5 mm, plus an allowance for shrinkage. ISO 2014 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 18333:2
36、014ISO 18333:2014(E)Table 1 Minimum acceptable component quality characteristics prior to pallet assemblyCharacteristicsaQuality levelsQ1bQ2Sound, intergrown, partially intergrown knotsc,d1/3 of the width of the piece 1/2 of the width of the pieceLoose knot or unsound knot 20 mm 30 mmExposed pithdPe
37、rmitted on one face Permitted on one faceBoxed heart Permitted PermittedFace shakeePermitted PermittedSplits (in boards) 1 split on the board 1 width of the board 1 split on the board 2 width of boardSplits (in stringers and blocks) Not permitted 1/4 of the lengthResin pocket Permitted on one face o
38、nly Permitted on one face onlyBark pocket Not permitted Not permittedBlue stain Refer to f,gPermitted refer to f,gBiological degradations except blue staingNot permitted Not permittedActive insect infestationgNot permitted Not permittedInsect holes (non-active)hUp to five holes of diameter 2 mm to 4
39、 mm permittedUp to five holes of diameter 4 mm and8 mm permittedWane (without bark)dPermitted up to 33 % of the thickness if 25 % of the piece length allowed both sides of one face and 10 mm from each sidePermitted up to 50 % of the thickness if 30 % of the piece length allowed both sides of one fac
40、e and 20 mm from each sideaEN 1310 contains procedures for measuring timber characteristics or features.bIt is recommended that stringerboards be of the Q1 quality level.cKnots less than 10 mm can be ignored, but clusters are considered as individual knots.dFor additional restrictions for stringers,
41、 see 7.3.eFace shake appears in only one face of the parts and is acceptable except in the notch area (see Figure 2).fMechanical properties are not affected by blue stain. Stain can be avoided by kiln drying or other means.gRefer to ISPM 15 and respective national phytosanitation regulations for res
42、trictions.hNon-active insect holes in less than 2 mm can be ignored, provided their frequency does not significantly affect the strength of the piece, but clusters should be considered as individual holes.7.1.2 Deckboards and stringerboardsThe recommended manufacturing tolerances permitted on establ
43、ished target dimensions at a specified moisture content for deckboards and stringer boards are as follows.a) Thickness: 1,5 mm maximum deviation.b) Width: 3 mm maximum deviation.c) Length: 3 mm maximum deviation.7.1.3 Stringers and blocksThe recommended manufacturing tolerances permitted on establis
44、hed target dimensions at a specified moisture content for stringers and blocks are as follows.a) Width: 1,5 mm maximum deviation.b) Height: 1,5 mm maximum deviation.4 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 18333:2014ISO 18333:2014(E)c) Length: 3 mm maximum deviation.7.1.4 Changes in wood moisture conten
45、tWhen changes in wood moisture content influence the measurement of component dimensions, it can be assumed that the dimensions will increase by 0,25 % for every 1 % of moisture content from 20 % up to 30 %, and decrease by 0,25 %, for every 1 % of moisture content below 20 %. The above values are t
46、ypical, regardless of species; see Clause 6.7.2 Deckboard chamferThe deckboard chamfers, if specified, should be located on both outside faces of the bottom end boards and all interior edges of bottom boards adjoining wheel openings for pallet trucks. The chamfers should be 65 mm from the stringers
47、or blocks and at an angle of 40 5. The vertical face below the chamfer should not exceed 16 mm (see Figure 1). Chamfers should not extend into connections.Key1 vertical face maximum of 16 mmFigure 1 Deckboard chamfer7.3 Stringer notches7.3.1 Notches in stringers, if required, should be specified by
48、location (distance from stringer end), depth and length (see Figure 2). The recommended notch length should conform to the openings for notches in partial four-way pallets in ISO 6780 and the depth of the notch plus the thickness of the bottom deck should be equal to or exceed 50 mm.7.3.2 A minimum
49、flat surface of 180 mm is recommended for the notch top. Notches should have rounded or filleted corners with a radius not less than 13 mm, nor greater than 37 mm.7.3.3 Square notches are not recommended. Manufacturing tolerances should be 3 mm of actual specified dimensions, except for the notch location which should be within 6 mm of target.7.3.4 Sound knots should be limited in any portion of the notch area (see Figure 2) to one-third of the net cross section above the notch. Unsound knots or
