1、BS ISO 2965:2009ICS 65.160NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDMaterials used ascigarette papers,filter plug wrap andfilter joining paper,including materialshaving a discrete ororiented permeablezone and materialswith bands of differingpermeability De
2、termination of airpermeabilityThis British Standardwas published under theauthority of the StandardsPolicy and StrategyCommittee on 31 May 2009 BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 56370 6Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS ISO 2965:2009National forewordThis British Standard is the UK im
3、plementation of ISO 2965:2009. Itsupersedes BS 5381-4:1998 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee AW/40, Tobacco and tobacco products.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publicat
4、ion does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.BS ISO 2965:2009Reference numberISO 2965:2009(E)ISO 2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO2965Third edi
5、tion2009-05-15Materials used as cigarette papers, filter plug wrap and filter joining paper, including materials having a discrete or oriented permeable zone and materials with bands of differing permeability Determination of air permeability Matriaux utiliss comme papier cigarettes, pour le gainage
6、 des filtres et comme papier manchette, y compris les matriaux possdant une zone permable discrte ou oriente et les matriaux bandes de permabilit diverses Dtermination de la permabilit lair BS ISO 2965:2009ISO 2965:2009(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance wi
7、th Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing
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9、ry care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2009 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specifi
10、ed, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case
11、 postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2009 All rights reservedBS ISO 2965:2009ISO 2965:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative
12、 references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Principle. 2 5 Apparatus 4 6 Sampling 5 7 Procedure 5 7.1 General. 5 7.2 Leak check of the test piece holder 5 7.3 Preparation of test pieces 5 7.4 Calibration . 5 7.5 Insertion of a test piece 6 7.6 Measurement. 7 8 Expression of results . 8 9 Precision
13、9 9.1 Repeatability 9 9.2 Reproducibility 9 9.3 Results of an international collaborative study (Study 1) 9 9.4 Statistical discussion of r and R results for Study 1. 10 9.5 Results of an international collaborative study (Study 2) 11 9.6 Statistical discussion of r and R results for Study 2. 12 10
14、Test report . 12 Annex A (normative) Leak testing of test piece holder 14 Annex B (normative) Calibration of air permeability standards and air permeability measuring instruments . 16 Annex C (informative) Determination of relevant surface leakage of test piece in the test piece holder . 20 Annex D
15、(informative) Flow of air through porous materials 22 Annex E (informative) Compensation of calibration standards 24 Bibliography . 27 BS ISO 2965:2009ISO 2965:2009(E) iv ISO 2009 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of nation
16、al standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. Internatio
17、nal organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rule
18、s given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at l
19、east 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 2965 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 12
20、6, Tobacco and tobacco products, Subcommittee SC 1, Physical and dimensional tests. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 2965:1997) which has been technically revised. BS ISO 2965:2009ISO 2965:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved vIntroduction Measurements of air permeabil
21、ity of materials used as cigarette papers have been made for many years. The methods have required development and change because of the changing nature of the paper products and changes in the magnitude of their air permeability. This method has been developed with the technical resources of COREST
22、A (Cooperative Centre for Research Relative to Tobacco). BS ISO 2965:2009BS ISO 2965:2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 2965:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 1Materials used as cigarette papers, filter plug wrap and filter joining paper, including materials having a discrete or oriented permeable zo
23、ne and materials with bands of differing permeability Determination of air permeability 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of air permeability (AP). It is applicable to materials used as cigarette papers, filter plug wrap and filter joining paper, including
24、materials having an oriented permeable zone or discrete permeable zones where the measured permeability is in excess of 10 cm3.(min1.cm2) at 1 kPa. In addition, it is applicable to banded cigarette papers, with bands of width W 4 mm. NOTE For an estimate of the air permeability of materials outside
25、the scope of this International Standard, see Note 2 in 5.1.2 and Note 3 in 7.6.1. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the
26、 referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 187, Paper, board and pulps Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples ISO 3402, Tobacco and tobacco products Atmosphere for conditioning and testing 3 Terms and
27、 definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 air permeability AP flow of air, measured in cubic centimetres per minute, passing through 1 cm2surface of the test piece at a measuring pressure of 1,00 kPa NOTE The air permeability units are cm3(min1cm2
28、) at 1 kPa. 3.2 measuring pressure difference in pressure across the two faces of the test piece during the measurement BS ISO 2965:2009ISO 2965:2009(E) 2 ISO 2009 All rights reserved3.3 leakage air flow unintentionally aspirated from the surrounding atmosphere or escaping into it through the sealin
29、g surface of the test piece holder and elsewhere 3.4 paper with uniformly distributed permeability standard paper paper with natural air permeability only 3.5 paper with oriented permeable zone paper that has a continuous zone of higher air permeability obtained through perforation 3.6 paper with di
30、screte permeable zone paper that has higher air permeability obtained through perforation in discrete areas 3.7 banded paper paper with bands of different air permeability NOTE Papers of this type normally have bands with permeability significantly lower than that of the base paper. 3.8 special pape
31、r paper with modified air permeability NOTE Papers of this type include those defined in paragraphs 3.5, 3.6 and 3.7. 4 Principle A test piece is held in a suitable device. A pressure difference is applied across the test piece. The resultant flow of air through the test piece is measured. The princ
32、iple of measurement is illustrated in Figure 1. BS ISO 2965:2009ISO 2965:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 3Key 1 air stream 5 inner surface 2 perforated zone (if present) 6 outer surface 3 test piece 7 air stream 4 test surface of area (2 cm2) aPressure difference. cLow pressure. bHigh pressure.
33、 dDirection of air flow. Figure 1 Principle of measurement The air flow through the test piece may be produced by applying a positive or negative pressure to one side of the test piece. The direction of air flow through the test piece shall be that which would occur when the sample is used in the fi
34、nished product, where known, i.e. from the outside face towards the inside face. If the air flow is produced by a positive pressure, the apparatus used should incorporate a filter which protects the test sample from contamination by oil, water and particles. NOTE 1 With certain materials, the flow t
35、hrough the test piece can exhibit a non-linear relationship with the applied pressure drop. Thus the air flow through the test piece is determined at two pressure differences to establish whether the flow/pressure relationship across the paper is linear or non-linear. If it is non-linear, a second m
36、easurement of air flow is recorded at 0,25 kPa to fully characterize the material. NOTE 2 Depending upon whether the volumetric air flow rate is measured up-stream or down-stream of the test piece, a difference of approximately 1 % of the flow rate can exist either side of the theoretical value at t
37、he centre of the test piece. BS ISO 2965:2009ISO 2965:2009(E) 4 ISO 2009 All rights reserved5 Apparatus 5.1 Test piece holder, for clamping the test piece, free from leaks. 5.1.1 For papers with uniformly distributed permeability and those with oriented or discrete permeable zones: the test piece ho
38、lder has a rectangular surface area of 2,00 cm2 0,02 cm2with corner radii no greater than 0,1 cm. The long side, L, shall have a length of 2,000 cm 0,005 cm (see Figure 2). 5.1.2 For bands of differing permeability: the test piece holder has a rectangular surface area of 0,30 cm2 0,01 cm2. The short
39、 side shall have a length of 2,00 mm 0,05 mm see 7.5.6 and Figure 3 d). NOTE 1 The positioning of the test piece holder on the test piece differs for different types of papers (see 7.5 and Figures 2 and 3). NOTE 2 An estimate of the air permeability of other speciality papers, outside the scope of t
40、his International Standard, may be required. In this case, specialized test piece holders with different surface areas might be necessary. Key 1 test piece 2 measurement surface area of test piece holder L is the long side of the test surface (see 5.1.1) W is the width of the test surface aCentrelin
41、e of test piece. Figure 2 Positioning of test pieces for materials with uniformly distributed permeability 5.2 Pneumatic controller, to produce an air flow at a given but adjustable pressure difference between the two mating faces of the test piece holder. 5.3 Pressure gauge, suitable for measuring
42、pressure differences to at least 0,001 kPa, having a relative error of no more than 2 % of the measured value within the measuring range. 5.4 Flow meter, suitable for measuring the air flow with a relative error no greater than 5 % of the measured value within the measuring range. 5.5 Conditioning e
43、nclosure, capable of maintaining the conditions given in ISO 187 (but see 7.3). BS ISO 2965:2009ISO 2965:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 56 Sampling Take a sample that is representative, on a statistical basis, of the population to be characterized. Samples shall be free of visible defects and
44、creases that may impair measurement performance. 7 Procedure 7.1 General Since the pressure versus flow relationship of many papers is not linear, this procedure should be followed closely to allow proper comparison of results. If it is necessary to deviate from this procedure in any way (for exampl
45、e, to use a non-standard size of test piece holder or to modify the positioning of the test piece holder, due to sample dimensions) then this shall be noted in the Test Report see 7.5 and 10 d). 7.2 Leak check of the test piece holder Follow the procedure given in Annex A. Perform a leak check daily
46、, prior to use. Air leaks between the mating faces of the test piece holder shall not be greater than 2,0 cm3.min1. Some users require determination of the effect of surface leakage through particular papers that contribute to the measured flow. In this case, if a value for leakage with the test pie
47、ce in place is required, the procedure given in Annex C may be used. This should be determined and referred to in the test report. 7.3 Preparation of test pieces Select at random from the sample, taken in accordance with Clause 6, the number of test pieces required for the test plus an additional th
48、ree test pieces to be used as described in 7.6.1, Note 2. If necessary make the test pieces suitable for testing (cut to the required dimensions, eliminate folds, seams, etc.). Condition the test pieces, prior to measurement, in a conditioning enclosure set in accordance with ISO 187. Samples shall
49、be held such that the conditioning air has free access to all their surfaces. IMPORTANT In laboratories unable to use the conditions given in ISO 187, the conditions given in ISO 3402 may be used. In these cases, a note shall be included with the test report. NOTE Complete sample bobbins, where it is not possible to expose all surfaces to the conditioning atmosphere, might require an extended period of conditioning. The time required should be determined by practice and experience. The period of
