1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 3597-1:2003 Textile-glass-reinforced plastics Determination of mechanical properties on rods made of roving-reinforced resin Part 1: General considerations and preparation of rods ICS 59.100.10; 83.120 BS ISO 3597-1:2003 This British Standard was published under the authority
2、 of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 October 2003 BSI 30 October 2003 ISBN 0 580 42381 1 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 3597-1:2003 and implements it as the UK national standard. It supersedes BS 2782-10 Method 1008A:1996 which is withdrawn. The UK p
3、articipation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/42, Fibre reinforced thermosetting plastics and prepregs, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standard
4、s which implement international publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication do
5、es not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/Europe
6、an committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pag
7、es ii to iv, pages 1 to 9 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments Reference number ISO 3597-1:2003(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 3597-1 Second edition 2003-10-01 Texti
8、le-glass-reinforced plastics Determination of mechanical properties on rods made of roving-reinforced resin Part 1: General considerations and preparation of rods Plastiques renforcs verre textile Dtermination des proprits mcaniques sur joncs de stratifils Partie 1: Notions gnrales et prparation des
9、 joncs BSISO35971:2003ii IS-7953 O1:(3002E) I SO 3002 All irhgts seredevr iiiContents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Principles . 1 4 Conditioning and test atmospheres 2 5 Preparation of test specimens. 2 Annex A (informative) Examples of resin systems and curing conditions
10、8 Bibliography . 9 BSISO35971:2003iiiIS-7953 O1:(3002E) vi I SO 3002 All irhgts seredevrForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
11、through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO coll
12、aborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International St
13、andards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements
14、of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 3597-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 13, Composites and reinforcement fibres. This second edition cancels and replaces
15、 the first edition (ISO 3597-1:1993), which has been technically revised. ISO 3597 consists of the following parts, under the general title Textile-glass-reinforced plastics Determination of mechanical properties on rods made of roving-reinforced resin: Part 1: General considerations and preparation
16、 of rods Part 2: Determination of flexural strength Part 3: Determination of compressive strength Part 4: Determination of apparent interlaminar shear strength BSISO35971:2003ivINTENRATIONAL TSANDADR IS-7953 O1:(3002E)I SO 3002 All irhgts seredevr 1Textile-glass-reinforced plastics Determination of
17、mechanical properties on rods made of roving-reinforced resin Part 1: General considerations and preparation of rods 1 Scope This part of ISO 3597 provides general information and specifies a method for preparing specimens (rods) intended to be used for tests specified in the other parts of ISO 3597
18、. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 291, Plastics Standa
19、rd atmospheres for conditioning and testing ISO 1172, Textile-glass-reinforced plastics Prepregs, moulding compounds and laminates Determination of the textile-glass and mineral-filler content Calcination methods ISO 3597-2, Textile-glass-reinforced plastics Determination of mechanical properties on
20、 rods made of roving-reinforced resin Part 2: Determination of flexural strength ISO 3597-3, Textile-glass-reinforced plastics Determination of mechanical properties on rods made of roving-reinforced resin Part 3: Determination of compressive strength ISO 3597-4, Textile-glass-reinforced plastics De
21、termination of mechanical properties on rods made of roving-reinforced resin Part 4: Determination of apparent interlaminar shear strength 3 Principles 3.1 General The test methods specified in the other parts of ISO 3597 and briefly described hereafter are generally performed on “as-moulded” rods.
22、They may, however, also be carried out on rods which have been subjected to treatment in boiling water for a specified length of time. It is also possible to carry out the tests after conditioning exposures other than boiling water. The medium used and the conditions of exposure shall be agreed upon
23、 between the interested parties. The preparation of rods as detailed in Clause 5 includes the preparation and division of rods into specimens of given length and their treatment in boiling water, if such treatment is required. BSISO35971:20031IS-7953 O1:(3002E) 2 I SO 3002 All irhgts seredevrIn orde
24、r to obtain consistent results, the conditions for the preparation of the rods (resin mixture composition, impregnation system and pulling speed, cure conditions, etc.) shall be as uniform as possible. 3.2 Determination of flexural strength A specimen is laid horizontally on two supports and bent at
25、 constant speed by applying a force at midspan until the specimen breaks (see ISO 3597-2). This test is often referred to as a “three-point bending” test. The flexural strength of the specimen, expressed in megapascals, is the calculated maximum bending stress in the rod at break. 3.3 Determination
26、of compressive strength A specimen is compressed longitudinally by applying forces at the specimen ends at a constant speed until the specimen breaks or until the deformation has reached a predetermined level (see ISO 3597-3). The compressive strength of the specimen, expressed in megapascals, is th
27、e calculated compressive stress at the highest load applied. 3.4 Determination of apparent interlaminar shear strength A flexural test is carried out as described in 3.2. However, the span used is significantly shorter in order to induce interlaminar shear failure as a result of the relatively high
28、shear stresses in the midplane of the specimen (see ISO 3597-4). The apparent interlaminar shear strength of the specimen, expressed in megapascals, is the calculated shear stress in the midplane of the specimen at the highest load applied. 4 Conditioning and test atmospheres Use one of the atmosphe
29、res specified in ISO 291. 5 Preparation of test specimens 5.1 Apparatus and materials 5.1.1 Mould, in the form of a rigid hollow cylinder having a minimum length of 400 mm and an internal diameter of, preferably, 4 mm 0,3 mm or 6 mm 0,3 mm. If other diameters are chosen, these shall be selected by a
30、greement between the interested parties in the range from 4 mm to 10 mm. However, the diameter used shall in all cases be reported, and only test data obtained with moulds of the same diameter shall be used for comparative purposes. The mould may be constructed of glass or polytetrafluoroethylene (P
31、TFE). A release agent may be used in the mould if the shrinkage of the moulding is very low (typical of epoxy resins). However, an internal release agent (a release agent that is mixed into the resin) will affect the test results. Adding a release agent is not recommended. When using a release agent
32、, it shall be mentioned in the test report. 5.1.2 Resin, suitable for use with the reinforcement to be tested (the manufacturer of the reinforcement roving normally gives general recommendations). The resin system selected shall be prepared before use in accordance with the resin manufacturers detai
33、led instructions (see Annex A for examples of resin formulae and curing conditions). 5.1.3 Metal wire or yarn, for pulling impregnated rovings into the mould. BSISO35971:20032IS-7953 O1:(3002E) I SO 3002 All irhgts seredevr 35.1.4 Impregnation equipment (see Figure 1), comprising a long, shallow imp
34、regnation bath to impregnate a hank of rovings with resin. It is recommended that the bath be made of metal to facilitate heating of the resin to lower its viscosity if required. This is common practice for those resins, such as epoxy, whose room temperature viscosity may be too high to adequately i
35、mpregnate the hanks of roving. It is recommended that the rovings be pre-soaked in the bath of resin to facilitate wet-out and air removal. When a large number of rods are to be made, having two or more baths and switching the pulling of hanks from one bath to another while rovings soak in the other
36、 baths has been found an effective technique. Lining the impregnation bath with thin cellophane foil keeps the bath from becoming coated with resin and makes cleaning faster with less need for cleaning solvents. The mould support shall be fitted with a device to prevent the mould moving as rovings a
37、re pulled into it. The rovings are pulled into the mould by means of a metal wire or yarn attached to the hank of roving. The wire or yarn can be pulled by a winding device. The winder can be hand cranked or motor-driven. Care shall be taken that the hanks of roving are pulled into the mould at a sl
38、ow enough speed for the minimum amount of air to be trapped in the rovings. NOTE When using low-skrinkage resin, a hand crank and chain may be used to remove the cured rod from the mould. Also, glass tubes that can be broken after curing may be used as the mould. Key 1 guide roll 6 cellophane foil 2
39、 wire or yarn 7 mould support 3 mould 8 resin bath 4 clamping device 9 heating unit (optional) 5 impregnated hank of rovings Figure 1 Example of equipment set-up for impregnation of rovings BSISO35971:20033IS-7953 O1:(3002E) 4 I SO 3002 All irhgts seredevr5.1.5 Circulating-air oven, for curing and/o
40、r post-curing the resin at the recommended temperature. 5.1.6 Diamond-tipped saw, for cutting the cured rods to specimens of the required length. 5.1.7 Heating device and suitable glassware, if boiling-water pretreatment of the test specimens is required. 5.1.8 Former (see Figure 2), with a circumfe
41、rence of 1 m, for winding a hank of rovings. Key 1 tensioning rolls 4 attachment point for wire or yarn 2 loop roll (optional) 5 hank of rovings 3 roving bobbin 6 cut ends aEach side 1/6 m. Figure 2 Winding a hank of rovings 5.2 Preparation of hanks of rovings First, using Equation (1), calculate th
42、e mass of roving needed to give a glass content of (65 1) % by mass in the specimens produced. Then use Equation (2) to calculate the number of turns N of roving which will have to be wound on the former to give this mass. To calculate N, it is necessary to know the mass per unit length of the rovin
43、gs. This is usually stated by the manufacturer (the tex value, in gkm 1 ). NOTE The mass per unit length can be determined using ISO 1889 1 . BSISO35971:20034IS-7953 O1:(3002E) I SO 3002 All irhgts seredevr 5Because it will generally only be possible to wind complete metre lengths on to the former,
44、round up to the nearest whole number. 2 f fr fr 4 w d ml ww = + (1) 1000 tex m N= (2) where m is the mass, in grams, of the hank of rovings; w fis the glass content, in percent by mass; fis the density, in grams per cubic centimetre, of the glass; w ris the resin content, in percent by mass (without
45、 voids, w r= 100 w f ); ris the density, in grams per cubic centimetre, of the resin; d is the inside diameter, in millimetres, of the mould; l is the length of the hank drawn into the mould; tex is the mass per unit length, in grams per kilometre, of the roving. Wind a roving N times around the for
46、mer. When the calculated number of turns has been collected, remove the roving from the wheel by cutting it on one side of the former. The bundle of roving fibres obtained will be 1,0 m long. Form a hank by folding the bundle at the midpoint (see Figure 2). The length of the hank will be 0,5 m. Cut
47、the hank to length if a mould shorter than this is being used. Check the mass of the hank. In some cases, it may be necessary to reduce the mass of the hank by removing fibres from it. Attach a pulling wire or yarn to the loop end at the point shown in Figure 2. The wire or yarn keeps the fibres tog
48、ether and shall be of sufficient length to pull the hank from the resin bath into the mould. Take care to minimize handling of the roving to avoid contamination. When the roving bobbin and/or resin are stored in a conditioned room, it is not necessary to condition them before use. If not, condition
49、for at least 16 h in one of the standard atmospheres specified in ISO 291. 5.3 Preparation of rods Prepare an amount of resin sufficient to prepare the required number of rods. Use the resin either at ambient temperature in a conditioned room or at an elevated temperature if it is necessary to lower the resin viscosity. The elevated temperature can be specified by the manufacture
