1、CSA I N T E RN AT ION A1 I- - National Standard of Canada CAN/CSA-IS0 9241 -8-00 (IS0 9241-8:1997) International Standard IS0 9241-81997 (first edition, 1997-10-01) has been adopted without modification as CSA Standard CAN/CSA-IS0 9241-8-00, which has been approved as a National Standard of Canada b
2、y the Standards Council of Canada. ISBN 1-55324-262-9 December 2000 Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 8 Requirements for displayed colours Exigences ergonomiques pour travail de bureau avec terminaux a ecrans de visualisation (TEV) - Parlie 8: Exigenc
3、es relatives aux couleurs affichees Reference number IS0 9241- this remains the continuing responsibility of the accredited standards-development organization. Those who have a need to apply standards are encouraged to use National Standards of Canada whenever practicable. These standards are subjec
4、t to periodic review; therefore, users are cautioned to obtain the latest edition from the organization preparing the standard. The responsibility for approving National Standards of Canada rests with the Standards Council of Canada 270 Albert Street, Suite 200 Ottawa, Ontario, K1 P 6N7 Canada A Nat
5、ional Standard of Canada is a standard which I I CSA I NT E RN AT10 N A1 Les normes nationales du Canada sont publiees en versions frangaise et anglaise. Although the intended primary application of this Standard is stated in its Scope, it is important to note that it remains the responsibility of t
6、he users to judge its suitability for their particular purpose. Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 8: Requirements for displayed colours CAN/CSA-IS0 924 7 -8-00 CAN/CSA=ISO 9241 -8-00 Ergonomic requirements for office work with visuaZ display terminals
7、 (VDTs) -Part 8: Requirements for dispZayed coZouvs CSA Preface This is the first edition of CSA Standard CAN/CSA-IS0 9241 -8, Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 8: Requirements for displayed colours, which is an adoption without modification of the id
8、entically titled IS0 (International Organization for Standardization) Standard 9241 -8:1997 (first edition, 1997-1 0-01). This IS0 Standard was developed by the IS0 Technical Committee ISO/TC 159 SC 4. It is part of the series of IS0 9241 Standards that address ergonomic requirements for office work
9、 with visual display terminals. In conjunction with the adoption of this Standard, CSA is issuing a new edition of CSA Standard 241 2, Guideline on Office Ergonomics. Basic principles and information from the IS0 Standards have been used in the development of this CSA guideline. This Standard was re
10、viewed for Canadian adoption by the CSA Technical Committee on Office Ergonomics under the jurisdiction of the Strategic Steering Committee on Occupational Health and Safety, and has been formally approved by the Technical Committee. A list of the members of the Technical Committee is available upon
11、 request. This Standard has been approved as a National Standard of Canada by the Standards Council of Canada. December 2000 0 CSA International - 2000 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever without the prior permission of the publisher. IS0 materia
12、l is reprinted with permission. Inquiries regarding this National Standard of Canada should be addressed to CSA International, 778 Rexdale Boulevard, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M9W 7 R3. December 2000 UA/1 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 9241 -8 First edition 1997-10-01 Ergonomic requirements for office w
13、ork with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 8 Requirements for displayed colours Exigences ergonomiques pour travail de bureau avec ferminaux a ecrans de visualisation (TEV) - Patiie 8: Exigences relafives aux couleurs affichees Reference number IS0 9241 -8: 1997(E) IS0 9241 -8: 1 997( E) Conten
14、ts 1 Scope . Page 2 Normative references Page 3 Definitions Page 2 4 Guiding principles Page 8 5 Visual performance objectives . Page 9 6 Design requirements and recommendations . Page 10 7 Measurement conditions and conventions Page 13 8 Compliance Page 20 Annexes A Colour difference calculations P
15、age 21 B Visual performance test status . Page 25 C Bibliography Page 26 0 IS0 1997 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permissi
16、on in writing from the publisher. International Organization for Standardization Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneve 20 0 Switzerland lntemet centralOiiso.ch X.400 c=ch; a-400net; p-iso; o=isocs; s=central ii 0 IS0 IS0 9241 -8:1997(E) Foreword IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a
17、 worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is carried out through IS0 technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that
18、 committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0 collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by
19、the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication of an International Standard requires approval by at least 75% of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard IS0 9241-8 was prepared by Technical Committee ISOiTC 159, Ergonomics, Sub- committee SC 4,
20、Ergonomics of human system interaction IS0 9241 consists of the following parts, under the general title Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs): - Part 1; General Introduction - Part 2: Guidance on task requirements - Part 3: Visual display requirements - Part 4:
21、 Keyboard requirements - Part 5: Workstation layout and postural requirements - Part 6: Environmental requirements - Part 7: Display requirements with reflections - Part 8: Requirements for displayed colours - Part 9: Requirements for nonkeyboard input devices - Part 70; Dialogue principles - Part 1
22、1: Guidance on usability - Part 12: Presentation of information - Part 13: User guidance - Part 14: Menu dialogues - Part 15: Command dialogues - Part 16: Direct manipulation dialogues - Part 17: Form-fil/ing dialogues Annexes A, B and C of this part of IS0 9241 are for information only. iii IS0 924
23、1-8:1997(E) Source Display Image CJ IS0 Factor affecting colour appearance Luminance Spectral distribution and range Phosphor type Screen treatment for reflection control Resolution Adjacent colours Introduction Viewer Room The purpose of this part of IS0 9241 is to prescribe basic specifications fo
24、r colours on computer display terminals to ensure their visibility, identification and discrimination. The specifications in this part address colour images (visual “stimuli“), their appearance (visual “perception“) and identification (colour “naming“). The specifications thus address both the perce
25、ptual components of colour (such as detection of saturation and lightness) and some cognitive components (such as naming of specific colours). Other cognitive components will be addressed in IS0 9241 -12. The ability to detect, identify and discriminate colours on display terminals determines the us
26、efulness of colour in the perception and interpretation of the computer-generated image. Colour perception of displayed images depends on a number of factors such as: hardware and software components of the display system, physical characteristics of the display image, the ability of the viewer to p
27、erceive the colours, the lighting in the viewing environment. The primary characteristics of these factors (that is display, image, viewer and environment) that affect colour appearance are shown in table 1. Spatial frequency content State of visual adaptation Colour-perception ability Illumination
28、level Colour temperature of the illumination Table 1 - Examples of factors affecting colour appearance Colour interpretation depends on the ability of the viewer to associate a colour with a specific meaning, function, or action. It is thus important that colours assigned to images on displays be ca
29、refully chosen to achieve intended effects or convey intended meaning. However, the appearance of colours may vary among different suppliers displays. For example, the blue on one display may appear darker and more purple than on another, and red may appear more orange. iv INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 6 I
30、S0 IS0 9241-8:1997() Ergonomic requirements for off ice work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 8: Requirements for displayed colours 1 Scope This part of IS0 9241 describes minimum ergonomic requirements and recommendations to be applied to colours assigned to text and graphic applications
31、 and images in which colours are discretely assigned. The specifications in this part thus exclude photorealiStic images and graphics. This part of IS0 9241 applies to both hardware and software for visual display terminals, because both these sources control the presentation and appearance of colou
32、r on the display screen. The specifications, measurements and test procedures described in this part of IS0 9241 are for displays that produce colour images and are intended to be independent of display technologies unless otherwise specified. The specifications in this part of IS0 9241 are for imag
33、es on computer displays that meet minimum requirements for users with normal colour vision. Displays conforming to this part will be suboptimal for persons with colour vision deficiencies. This part of IS0 9241 is complementary to IS0 9241 -3. The tasks and conditions of use in this part are similar
34、 to those described in IS0 9241 -3, unless otherwise specified. This part of IS0 9241 is not intended to be a specification on colour coding. Although the primary users of this part of IS0 9241 are intended to be hardware and software user- interface designers and manufacturers, it will also be usef
35、ul to those persons responsible for procuring colour displays and those evaluating the use of colour in the user-interface of the computer system. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of IS0 9241.
36、At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of IS0 9241 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards listed below. Members of IEC and IS0 main
37、tain registers of currently valid International Standards. IS0 9241 -3 : 1992 Ergonomic requirements for office tasks with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 3 : Visual display requirements. 1 IS0 9241-8: 1997(E) 0 IS0 IS0 9241 -5:-1), Ergonomic requirements for office rasks with visual display
38、terminals (VDTs) - Part 5: Workplace requirements. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this part of IS0 9241, the following definitions apply. 3.1 achromatic (perceived) colour: (1) Perceived colour devoid of hue. The colour names white, gray and black are commonly used or, for transmitting objects, c
39、olourless and neutral. (2) See achromatic stimulus 845-03-06. CIE 17.4 / IEC 50, 845-02-261 3.2 adaptation (visual): Process by which the state of the visual system is modified by previous and present exposure to stimuli that may have various luminances, spectral distributions and angular subtenses.
40、 CIE 17.4 / IEC 50,845-02-071 3.3 additive mixing: Stimulation that combines on the retina the actions of various colour stimuli in such a manner that they cannot be perceived individually. CIE 17.4 / IEC 50, 845-03-151 3.4 brightness: Attribute of a visual sensation according to which an area appea
41、rs to emit more or less light. CIE 17.4 / IEC 50, 845-02-281 3.5 chroma: Chromaticness, or colourfulness, of an area judged as a proportion of the brightness of a similarly illuminated area that appears white or highly transmitting. CIE 17.4 / IEC 50, 845-02-421 3.6 chromaticity: Property of a colou
42、r stimulus defined by its chromaticity coordinates, or by its dominant or complementary wavelength and purity taken together. CIE 17.4 / IEC 50, 645-03-341 3.7 chromaticity coordinates: Ratio of each of a set of three tristimulus values relative to their sum. ClE 17.4 / IEC 50, 845-03-331 NOTES 1 As
43、 the sum of the three chromaticity coordinates equals one, two of them are sufficient to define a chromaticity. 2 In the CIE standard colorimetric systems, the chromaticity coordinates are represented by the symbols x, y. z and xI0. ylo, and zl0 3.8 chromaticity diagram: Plane diagram in which point
44、s specified by chromaticity coordinates represent the chromaticities of colour stimuli. CIE 17.4 / IEC 50, 845-03-351 NOTE -In the CIE standard colorimetric systems, y is normally plotted as ordinate and x as abscissa, to obtain an x, y chromaticity diagram (see figure 1 and 3.10). 1) To be publishe
45、d. 2 Q IS0 IS0 9241-8:1997(E) 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 U NBTE -The numbers along the curve are the wavelengths of light, in nanometres. Figure 1 - CIE 1976 uniform-chromaticity-scale diagram; CIE 1976 UCS diagram 3.9 chromostereopsis: Phenomenon in which two visual objects
46、 that differ in dominant wavelength and/or brightness appear to be at different distances from the viewer. 3.10 CIE 1976 uniform-chrornaticity-scale diagram; CIE 1976 UCS diagram: Uniform-chromaticity- scale diagram produced by plotting in rectangular coordinates Y against u, quantities defined by t
47、he equations (1): .- 4x 4x - X+15Y+3Z -2+12g+3 - 9y (1) II_ v= 9y - X+ 15Y + 32 -2 + 12g + 3 X, Y, Z are the tristimulus values in the CIE 1931 or 1964 standard colorimetric systems, and x, y are the corresponding chromaticity coordinates of the colour stimulus considered. CIE 17.4 / IEC 50, 845- 03
48、-53. NOTE -This diagram is a modification of and supersedes, the CIE 1960 UCS diagram in which v was plotted against u in rectangular coordinates. The relationships between the two pairs of coordinates are: UI = u:v = 1,5v 3.1 1 CIE L*u*v* colour space; CIELUV colour space: Three-dimensional, approx
49、imately uniform colour space produced by plotting in rectangular coordinates L*, u*, v* quantities defined by the equations (2): 1 L*=116(Y/Yn)“-16; Y/Yn 0,008 856 ,I (2) u*=IL*(u -u) v*=13L*(v -v,) ,I I 3 IS0 9241-8:1997(E) Q IS0 Y, u, v describe the colour stimulus considered and Y, u, v, describe a specified white achromatic stimulus. (See CIE 15.2) ClE 17.4 / IEC 50,845-03-541 NOTE - Approximate correlates of CIE 1976 u, v lightness, CIE 1976 u, v saturation, CIE 1976 u, v chroma and CIE 1976 u, v hue may be calculated as follows: 1 CIE1976 lightness L* =1
