1、 ANSI/CEA Standard Indoor TV Receiving Antenna Performance Standard ANSI/CEA-2032-A February 2009 NOTICE Consumer Electronics Association (CEA ) Standards, Bulletins and other technical publications are designed to serve the public interest through eliminating misunderstandings between manufacturers
2、 and purchasers, facilitating interchangeability and improvement of products, and assisting the purchaser in selecting and obtaining with minimum delay the proper product for his particular need. Existence of such Standards, Bulletins and other technical publications shall not in any respect preclud
3、e any member or nonmember of CEA from manufacturing or selling products not conforming to such Standards, Bulletins or other technical publications, nor shall the existence of such Standards, Bulletins and other technical publications preclude their voluntary use by those other than CEA members, whe
4、ther the standard is to be used either domestically or internationally. Standards, Bulletins and other technical publications are adopted by CEA in accordance with the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) patent policy. By such action, CEA does not assume any liability to any patent owner, n
5、or does it assume any obligation whatever to parties adopting the Standard, Bulletin or other technical publication. This CEA Standard is considered to have International Standardization implication, but the International Electrotechnical Commission activity has not progressed to the point where a v
6、alid comparison between the CEA Standard and the IEC document can be made. This Standard does not purport to address all safety problems associated with its use or all applicable regulatory requirements. It is the responsibility of the user of this Standard to establish appropriate safety and health
7、 practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations before its use. (Formulated under the cognizance of the CEAs R5 Antennas Committee.) Published by CONSUMER ELECTRONICS ASSOCIATION 2009 Technology Phone 800-854-7179; Fax 303-397-2740; Internet http:/; Email 2.2 Informative Ref
8、erences The following standards contain provisions that, through reference in this text, constitute informative provisions of this standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this standard are enco
9、uraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards listed here. 2.2.1 Informative Reference List ATSC Recommended Practice A/74, Receiver Performance Guidelines, June 18, 2004, with Corrigendum No. 1 and Amendment No. 1. ANSI/CEA-909-A, Antenna Control Interf
10、ace, December 2007 CEA-2032-A 4 2.2.2 Informative Reference Acquisition ATSC Standards: Advanced Television Systems Committee, 1750 K Street, NW, Suite 1200, Washington, DC USA 20006; Phone 202-872-9160; Fax 202-872-9161; Internet http:/www.atsc.org CEA Standards: Global Engineering Documents, World
11、 Headquarters, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, CO USA 80112-5776; Phone 800-854-7179; Fax 303-397-2740; Internet http:/; Email 2.3 Definitions CEA Test Channels The TV channels on which tests are to be conducted. These are defined in CEA-774-B, Section 5. 2.4 Symbols and Abbreviations dB Decibel
12、dBd Decibels with respect to a dipole UHF Ultra High Frequency VHF Very High Frequency 2.5 Compliance Notation As used in this document “shall” and “must” denote mandatory provisions of the standard. “Should” denotes a provision that is recommended but not mandatory. “May” denotes a feature whose pr
13、esence does not preclude compliance, and implementation of which is optional. “Optional” denotes items that may or may not be present in a compliant device. 3 Indoor TV Antennas - Use Only a device that can be connected to a TV sets RF input terminals for purposes of converting an electromagnetic wa
14、ve propagating in free space to a RF voltage will be defined as an antenna. Couplers and distribution components that are not integrated with and permanently associated with an antenna are not covered by this standard. Indoor TV antennas are devices that enable TV reception in indoor areas where the
15、re is adequate signal level above noise and interference to enable production of a viewable picture and sound. For analog reception, one high quality signal path from a TV transmitter to the TV location is needed, as the presence of any significant multipath directly degrades the picture quality. Fo
16、r digital reception, multipath components can be removed by the receiver and perfect pictures produced. But digital reception fails with a “cliff effect” where reception fails totally as the quality and or level of signal falls outside the capability of the receiver. There are many variables that in
17、fluence the effectiveness of an indoor TV antenna in any situation. These variables include the distance from the transmitting stations, position in the building, building construction, and reflections from other nearby structures. Especially at UHF frequencies, rooms can have complex standing wave
18、patterns due to illumination from multiple sources (windows, doors, and wall penetration), and these patterns change when people in the room or in proximity to the antenna change positions. CEA-2032-A 5 This standard assumes that the indoor TV antenna is dedicated to one TV set, and is placed on or
19、adjacent to the TV set to which it is connected. 3.1 Indoor TV Antenna Characteristics Indoor TV antennas generally receive signals from most directions. Their gain patterns often resemble that of a dipole with additional variability that changes with frequency of operation. When using indoor TV ant
20、ennas for analog reception it is important to be able to rotate/adjust the antenna and/or move the antenna in each direction to optimize picture quality before an operating position is finally selected. Such user optimization may or may not be needed for digital TV reception, depending on the type o
21、f TV set, and whether or not the ANSI/CEA-909-A interface is in use with an electrically steered antenna. Electrically steered indoor antennas that also conform to ANSI/CEA-909-A may significantly improve reception as the receiver can exercise control to select optimal effective antenna patterns on
22、each RF channel. Indoor TV antennas are best suited for use in areas of moderate to high signal strength. With the exception of electrically steered antennas for digital TV reception that are controlled via an ANSI/CEA-909-A interface, indoor antennas are generally not well suited for use in weak si
23、gnal areas, low areas, or areas that have tall structures near the TV receiver (within about 1/2 mile). Low areas and areas near tall structures often have reflected (ghost) signals that can interfere with the intended direct signal. Amplified antennas of any type should not be used close to transmi
24、tting stations unless they meet the CEA-774-B intermodulation requirements as covered in more detail below. The strong signal levels near transmitting stations may overload the antennas amplifier causing intermodulation interference from other TV and FM signals combining. 3.2 Antenna Requirements 3.
25、2.1 Intermodulation All antenna gain specifications are for antennas prior to any active stage. Any antenna employing active circuitry must be expected to keep intermodulation and spurious products from all sources, including FM broadcast stations, 44 dB below any TV channel where as many as 15 full
26、 power TV stations are present at the antenna. For an active (amplified) antenna to meet this standard the antenna must meet the intermodulation/distortion test described in CEA-774-B, Section 7.3 to 8.3. This test is designed to provide reasonable confidence that the expected intermodulation perfor
27、mance can be realized. To accomplish this, active indoor antennas may provide a means of bypassing active circuits or otherwise modifying circuit operation to meet the intermodulation and spurious requirements for operation in high field strength areas. 3.2.2 Indoor Antenna Gain Requirements To meet
28、 this standard an antenna must have antenna gain: that exceeds -12 dBd on all CEA test channels 2, 4, and 6 in the VHF low band that exceeds -8 dBd on all CEA test channels 7, 9, 11, and 13 in the VHF high band that exceeds -8 dBd on all CEA test channels contained in the UHF band (channels 14-69) T
29、he test procedures in CEA-774-B shall be employed to measure the antenna performance. Manual manipulation of the antenna, or automated control of the antenna via an ANSI/CEA-909-A interface is permitted prior to measurement on each required test channel. Indoor antennas shall be measured CEA-2032-A
30、6 placed on a platform one meter above the ground. Indoor antennas designed to be attached to TV sets shall be measured attached to a TV set placed on the one meter platform. 3.2.3 Amplifiers Requirements: An indoor antenna with an amplifier (built-in or included at the point of sale) must meet the
31、intermodulation requirements in 3.2.1 above and must not have a gain of more than 14 dB unless the antenna has a means of reducing amplifier gain to 14 dB or bypassing the amplifier by user control or by action of an ANSI/CEA-909-A interface control signal. An antenna with an ANSI/CEA-909-A interfac
32、e that is not connected must bypass the amplifier, limit gain to 14 dB, or provide a user operated gain control that is capable of reducing gain to 14 dB or less. 3.3 Indoor TV Antenna Marking Requirements Antenna packaging, and the antennas, shall be marked indicating the channels or band of channe
33、ls for which the antenna meets the technical requirements in this standard. Any antenna that has a built-in amplifier that cannot be separated from the antenna shall employ the word “amplified“ on the packaging and antenna. Manufacturers may add additional words equivalent to “amplified“ in other la
34、nguages. CEA Document Improvement Proposal If in the review or use of this document, a potential change is made evident for safety, health or technical reasons, please email your reason/rationale for the recommended change to standardsce.org. Consumer Electronics Association Technology & Standards Department 1919 S Eads Street, Arlington, VA 22202 FAX: (703) 907-7693 standardsCE.org
