1、April 2011 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 17No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS
2、19.100!$nmx“1757485www.din.deDDIN EN 14127Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic thickness measurementEnglish translation of DIN EN 14127:2011-04Zerstrungsfreie Prfung Dickenmessung mit UltraschallEnglische bersetzung von DIN EN 14127:2011-04Essais non destructifs Mesurage de lpaisseur par ultrasonsTrad
3、uction anglaise de DIN EN 14127:2011-04SupersedesDIN EN 14127:2004-11www.beuth.deDocument comprises pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.03.11 42DIN EN 14127:2011-04 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This standard has been prepa
4、red by Technical Committee CEN/TC 138 “Non-destructive testing” (Secretatariat: AFNOR, France). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Materialprfung (Materials Testing Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 062-08-23 AA Ultraschallprfung. Amendments This
5、 standard differs from DIN EN 14127:2004-11 as follows: a) the standard has been editorialy revised; b) normative references have been updated. Previous editions DIN EN 14127: 2004-11 2 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 14127 February 2011 ICS 19.100 Supersedes EN 14127:2004Englis
6、h Version Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic thickness measurement Essais non destructifs - Mesurage de lpaisseur par ultrasons Zerstrungsfreie Prfung - Dickenmessung mit UltraschallThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 December 2010. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
7、 Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or t
8、o any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the offici
9、al versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slova
10、kia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide
11、for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14127:2011: EEN 14127:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 41 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Terms and definitions . 54 Measurement modes . 55 General requirements 75.1 Instruments 75.2 Probes . 75.3 Couplant . 75.4 Reference blocks . 75.5 Test objects 75.6 Quali
12、fication of personnel 86 Application of the technique 86.1 Surface conditions and surface preparation 86.2 Technique . 86.2.1 General 86.2.2 Measurement during manufacture . 96.2.3 In-service measurement of residual wall thickness . 96.3 Selection of probe 96.4 Selection of instrument . 106.5 Materi
13、als different from the reference . 106.6 Special measuring conditions 106.6.1 General 106.6.2 Measurements at temperatures below 0 C 116.6.3 Measurements at elevated temperatures 116.6.4 Hazardous atmospheres . 117 Instrument setting 117.1 General 117.2 Methods 127.2.1 General 127.2.2 Digital thickn
14、ess instruments . 127.2.3 A-scan Instruments . 127.3 Check of settings . 138 Influence on accuracy . 148.1 Operational conditions 148.1.1 Surface conditions. 148.1.2 Surface temperature 148.1.3 Metallic coating 158.1.4 Non-metallic coating . 158.1.5 Geometry 168.2 Equipment 178.2.1 Resolution 178.2.
15、2 Range 178.3 Evaluation of accuracy 188.3.1 General 188.3.2 Influencing parameters . 188.3.3 Method of calculation 18DIN EN 14127:2011-04 EN 14127:2011 (E) 3 9 Influence of materials 189.1 General 189.2 Inhomogeneity . 189.3 Anisotropy 189.4 Attenuation . 189.5 Surface conditions 189.5.1 General 18
16、9.5.2 Contact surface 199.5.3 Reflecting surface 199.5.4 Corrosion and erosion 2010 Test report 2010.1 General 2010.2 General information . 2010.3 Inspection data 21Annex A (informative) Corrosion in vessels and piping 22A.1 General 22A.2 Measurement of general corrosion 22A.2.1 Instrument 22A.2.2 P
17、robes . 22A.2.3 Setting of the instrument 22A.2.4 Measuring . 23A.3 Measurement of corrosion with pitting . 23A.3.1 Instrument 23A.3.2 Probes . 23A.3.3 Setting of the instrument 23A.3.4 Measuring . 23Annex B (informative) Instrument settings 29Annex C (informative) Parameters influencing accuracy 31
18、C.1 Parameters influencing accuracy 31C.2 Methods of calculation 33Annex D (informative) Measuring technique selection 36Bibliography 40DIN EN 14127:2011-04 EN 14127:2011 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 14127:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 138 “Non-destructive testing”, the s
19、ecretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2011. Attention is
20、drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 14127:2004, which has been editorially revised, in order to take into a
21、ccount the new edition of EN 1330-4:2010. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
22、Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. DIN EN 14127:2011-04 EN 14127:2011 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the princi
23、ples for ultrasonic thickness measurement of metallic and non-metallic materials by direct contact, based on measurement of time-of-flight of ultrasonic pulses only. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references
24、, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 583-2, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic examination Part 2: Sensitivity and range setting EN 1330-4:2010, Non-destructive testing Terminology Part 4: Terms
25、 used in ultrasonic testing 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1330-4:2010 apply. 4 Measurement modes The thickness of a part or structure is determined by accurately measuring the time required for a short ultrasonic pulse generated by a
26、 transducer to travel through the thickness of the material once, twice or several times. The material thickness is calculated by multiplying the known sound velocity of the material with the transit time and dividing by the number of times the pulse transits the material wall. This principle can be
27、 accomplished by applying one of the following modes, see Figure 1: a) Mode 1: Measure the transit time from an initial excitation pulse to a first returning echo, minus a zero correction to account for the thickness of the transducer wear surface and the couplant layer (single echo mode). b) Mode 2
28、: Measure the transit time from the end of a delay line to the first backwall echo (single echo delay line mode). c) Mode 3: Measure the transit time between back-wall echoes (multiple echoes). d) Mode 4: Measure the transit time for a pulse travelling from the transmitter to a receiver in contact w
29、ith the back-wall (through transmission mode). DIN EN 14127:2011-04 EN 14127:2011 (E) 6 Mode 1 Mode 2Mode 3 Mode 4 Key A transmit/receive probe D transmission pulse indication A1 transmit probe E1 to E3 back-wall echoesA2 receive probe F interface echoA3 dual element probe G delay pathB test object
30、H received pulseC sound path travel time Figure 1 Measurement modes DIN EN 14127:2011-04 EN 14127:2011 (E) 7 5 General requirements 5.1 Instruments Thickness measurement can be achieved by using the following types of instruments: a) dedicated ultrasonic thickness measurement instruments with numeri
31、cal display showing the measured value; b) dedicated ultrasonic thickness measurement instruments with numerical display showing the measured value and A-scan presentation (waveform display); c) instruments designed primarily for detection of discontinuities with A-scan presentation of signals. This
32、 type of instrument may also include numerical display of thickness values. See 6.4. 5.2 Probes The following types of probes are used, these are generally longitudinal wave probes: dual element probes; single transducer probes. See 6.3. 5.3 Couplant Acoustic contact between probe (probes) and mater
33、ial has to be provided, normally by application of a fluid or gel. The couplant shall not have any adverse effect on the test object, the equipment or represent a health hazard to the operator. For couplant to be used in special measuring conditions see 6.6. The coupling medium should be chosen to s
34、uit the surface conditions and the irregularities of the surface to ensure adequate coupling. 5.4 Reference blocks The measuring system shall be calibrated on one or more samples or reference blocks representative of the object to be measured, i.e. having comparable dimensions, material and structur
35、e. The thickness of the blocks or the steps should cover the range of thickness to be measured. Either the thickness or the sound velocity of the reference blocks shall be known. 5.5 Test objects The object to be measured shall allow for ultrasonic wave propagation. There shall be free access to eac
36、h individual area to be measured. The surface of the area to be measured shall be free of all dirt, grease, lint, scale, welding flux and spatter, oil or other extraneous matter that could interfere with the examination. If the surface is coated, the coating shall have good adhesion to the material.
37、 Otherwise it shall be removed. When measuring through coating its thickness and sound velocity need to be known unless mode 3 is used. DIN EN 14127:2011-04 EN 14127:2011 (E) 8 For further details, see Clause 8. 5.6 Qualification of personnel An operator performing ultrasonic thickness measurement a
38、ccording to this document shall have a basic knowledge of the physics of ultrasonics, and a detailed understanding and training related to ultrasonic thickness measurements. In addition, the operator shall have knowledge of the product and material to be measured. It is assumed that ultrasonic thick
39、ness testing is performed by qualified and capable personnel. In order to prove this qualification, it is recommended to certify the personnel in accordance with EN 473 or equivalent. Note that for pressure equipment in categories III and IV according to Directive 97/23/EC, Annex I, 3.1.3: the perso
40、nnel must be approved by a third-party organization recognized by a Member State. 6 Application of the technique 6.1 Surface conditions and surface preparation Using the pulse-echo method means that the ultrasonic pulse has to pass the contact surface between test object and the probe at least twice
41、: when entering the object and when leaving it. Therefore a clean and even contact area with at least two times the probes diameter is preferred. Poor contact will result in loss of energy, distortion of signal and sound path. To enable sound propagation all loose parts and non adherent coatings sha
42、ll be removed by brushing or grinding. Attached layers, like colour coating, plating, enamels, may stay on the object, but only a few thickness meters are able to exclude these layers from being measured. Very often thickness measurements have to be done on corroded surfaces, e.g. storage tanks and
43、pipelines. To increase measuring accuracy the contact surface should be ground within an area at least two times the probes diameter. This area should be clean from corrosion products. 6.2 Technique 6.2.1 General The task of ultrasonic thickness measurements can be separated into two application are
44、as: measurement during manufacture; in-service measurements of residual wall thickness. Each area has its own special conditions which require special measuring techniques. With a knowledge of the material, geometry and thickness to be measured and the required accuracy the most suitable measuring e
45、quipment and mode can be selected. Annex D gives further guidance: a) depending on the thickness and the material, frequencies from 100 kHz with through transmission on highly attenuative materials up to 50 MHz on thin metal sheets shall be used; b) if dual element probes are used then compensation
46、for V-path error is required; c) on curved objects the diameter of the probe contact area shall be significantly smaller than the diameter of the test object; DIN EN 14127:2011-04 EN 14127:2011 (E) 9 d) the accuracy of the thickness measurement depends on how accurate the time-of-flight can be measu
47、red, depending on the mode of time-measuring (zero crossing, flank-to-flank, peak-to-peak), depending on the mode chosen (with multiple echoes, mode 3, the accuracy is higher than with modes 1 and 2), depending on the frequencies which can be used (higher frequencies provide higher accuracy than low
48、er frequencies because of the more accurate time measurement); e) ultrasonic thickness measurement is often required over an area of the component to be measured. Where this is the case consideration should be given to the spacing between each measurement. Such spacing should be even and the use of a grid is recommended. The grid size should be selected to give a balance between the confidence in the results and the work content involved. Measuring the thickness ultrasonically means measuring the time-of-flight and then calculating the th
