1、April 2012 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 11No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS
2、75.160.10!$9“1882295www.din.deDDIN EN 15234-5Solid biofuels Fuel quality assurance Part 5: Firewood for non-industrial useEnglish translation of DIN EN 15234-5:2012-04Feste Biobrennstoffe Qualittssicherung von Brennstoffen Teil 5: Stckholz fr nichtindustrielle VerwendungEnglische bersetzung von DIN
3、EN 15234-5:2012-04Biocombustibles solides Assurance qualit du combustible Partie 5: Bois de chauffage usage non industrielTraduction anglaise de DIN EN 15234-5:2012-04www.beuth.deDocument comprises 16 pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.03.12 DIN EN
4、15234-5:2012-04 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 335 “Solid biofuels” (Secretariat: SIS, Sweden). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Materialprfung (Materials Testing
5、Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 062-05-82 AA Feste Biobrennstoffe. EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 15234-5 January 2012 ICS 75.160.10 English Version Solid biofuels - Fuel quality assurance - Part 5: Firewood for non-industrial use Biocombustibles solides - Assurance
6、qualit du combustible - Partie 5: Bois de chauffage usage non industriel Feste Biobrennstoffe - Qualittssicherung von Brennstoffen - Teil 5: Stckholz fr nichtindustrielle Verwendung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 November 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC I
7、nternal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to
8、any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official
9、 versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovaki
10、a, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worl
11、dwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15234-5:2012: EEN 15234-5:2012 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Terms and definitions .54 Symbols and abbreviations 55 Quality assurance and quality control measures .65.1 General 65.2 Traceability .65.3 Produ
12、ction requirements 75.4 Fuel requirements for the final product (Step 1) 75.5 Process description (Steps 2, 3 and 4) 85.6 Measures to assure the quality of the product (Step 5).95.6.1 Inspection of incoming raw material and other goods 95.6.2 Firewood production 105.6.3 Distribution 105.7 Routines f
13、or separate handling of nonconforming materials and solid biofuels (Step 6) 106 Product declaration of fuel quality and labelling 11Annex A (informative) Examples of product declarations . 12Bibliography . 14DIN EN 15234-5:2012-04 EN 15234-5:2012 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15234-5:2012) has be
14、en prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 335 “Solid biofuels”, the secretariat of which is held by SIS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2012, and conflicting national standar
15、ds shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared unde
16、r a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. The European standard series EN 15234, Solid biofuels Fuel quality assurance are provided as a general requirements and additional product standards. Additional product standards may extend this series over
17、time. EN 15234 consists of the following parts, under the general title Solid biofuels Fuel quality assurance: Part 1: General requirements; Part 2: Wood pellets for non-industrial use; Part 3: Wood briquettes for non-industrial use; Part 4: Wood chips for non-industrial use; Part 5: Firewood for no
18、n-industrial use; Part 6: Non-woody pellets for non-industrial use. Although these product standards may be obtained separately, it should be recognized that they require an understanding of the standards based on and supporting EN 15234-1. It is recommended to obtain and use EN 15234-1 in conjuncti
19、on with these standards. NOTE In these product standards, non-industrial use means - use in smaller scale appliances, such as in households, in small commercial and public sector buildings. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following count
20、ries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slove
21、nia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. DIN EN 15234-5:2012-04 EN 15234-5:2012 (E) 4 Introduction The overall aim of this European Standard is to guarantee the firewood quality through the whole supply chain, from the origin to the delivery of the solid biofuel and provide adequa
22、te confidence that specified quality requirements are fulfilled. The objective of this European Standard is to serve as a tool to enable the efficient trading of firewood. Thereby: 1) the end-user can find firewood that corresponds to its needs; 2) the producer/supplier can produce firewood with def
23、ined and consistent properties and describe firewood to the customers. Quality assurance measures should establish confidence in firewood through systems that are simple to operate and which do not cause undue bureaucracy. Firewood is specified according to EN 14961-5, Solid biofuels Fuel specificat
24、ions and classes Part 5: Firewood for non-industrial use. DIN EN 15234-5:2012-04 EN 15234-5:2012 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard defines the procedures to fulfil the quality requirements (quality control) and describes measures to ensure adequate confidence that specification of firewood descri
25、bed in EN 14961-5 is fulfilled (quality assurance). This European Standard covers the raw material supply, production and delivery chain, from purchasing of raw materials to point of delivery to the end-user. This European standard covers only quality assurance for firewood produced from the woody b
26、iomasses stated in EN 14961-1:2010, Table 1 and EN 14961-5. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (i
27、ncluding any amendments) applies. EN 14588:2010, Solid biofuels Terminology, definitions and descriptions EN 14961-1:2010, Solid biofuels Fuel specifications and classes Part 1: General requirements EN 14961-5:2011, Solid biofuels Fuel specifications and classes Part 5: Firewood for non-industrial u
28、se EN 15234-1, Solid biofuels Fuel quality assurance Part 1: General requirements NOTE In EN 14961-1:2010 there are listed Normative references of the European Standards for sampling and sample reduction and in EN 14961-5:2011 for determination of solid biofuel properties. 3 Terms and definitions Fo
29、r the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 14588:2010 and the following apply. 3.1 firewood cut and split oven-ready fuelwood used in household wood burning appliances like stoves, fireplaces and central heating systems NOTE Firewood usually has a uniform length, typicall
30、y in a range of 150 mm to 1 000 mm. 3.2 impurities material other than the raw material or fuel itself, such as soil, stones, metal, plastic, glass 3.3 weather condition temperature, humidity and precipitation, e.g. rain, snow 4 Symbols and abbreviations The symbols and abbreviations used in this Eu
31、ropean Standard comply with the SI system of units as far as possible. d dry (dry basis) ar as received DIN EN 15234-5:2012-04 EN 15234-5:2012 (E) 6 w-% weight-percentage D designation for diameter as received, D cm1)E designation for energy density as received, EarkWh/m3loose or stacked volume or k
32、Wh/kg1)L designation for length as received, L cm1)M designation for moisture content as received on wet basis, Marw-%1)U designation for moisture content as received in dry basis, Udw-%1)Q designation for net calorific value as received, qp,net,arMJ/kg or kWh/kg or MWh/t1)NOTE 1 MJ/kg equals 0,277
33、8 kWh/kg (1 kWh/kg equals 1 MWh/t and 1 MWh/t is 3,6 MJ/kg). 1 g/cm3equals 1 kg/dm3. 5 Quality assurance and quality control measures 5.1 General Quality assurance and control aim to provide confidence that a stable quality is continually achieved in accordance with the customer requirements. It mea
34、ns that specified requirements are fulfilled, but it does not necessarily mean a high quality but a steady and continually achieved quality in accordance with the customers requirements. The customer is the next operator in the supply chain. Customer requirements include not only the fuel quality, b
35、ut also the quality of the companys performance, such as documentation (product declaration, labelling of packaging, system for traceability, etc.), timing and logistics (to provide biofuels in time and to agreed performances criteria). Fuel quality assurance needs to be applied to the entire supply
36、 chain. As the supply chains for solid biofuels in the most cases needs to be kept very simple, the same documents are often used for documentation of quality assurance and quality control measures. NOTE When the customer is a supplier, a retailer or end user, the customer requirements are usually w
37、ritten in sales contracts. Quality control is fundamentally about controlling the quality of a product or process to enable the delivery of the product or service within agreed parameters in the most efficient and cost effective way. The consequences of having good quality control will be a cost eff
38、ective product and process. Quality assurance on the other hand, is about reviewing the products and processes, primarily through data provided from the quality control records and using this data. a) to provide confidence that products are produced within the required specification and processes ar
39、e operated as they should be, and b) to assure that over a longer term either consistency is being maintained (stability in process results) or that quality improvements are making the intended impact. 5.2 Traceability Firewood for non-industrial use shall be specified with EN 14961-5. The origin an
40、d source of solid biofuel is specified by Table 1 in EN 14961-1:2010. There are three parts in the supply chain, illustrated in Figure 1. 1) Designation symbols are used in combination with a number to specify property levels (see for example Table 1, EN 14961-5:2011). DIN EN 15234-5:2012-04 EN 1523
41、4-5:2012 (E) 7 Figure 1 Simplified example of a firewood supply chain All operators in the supply chain are responsible for the traceability of the origin and source of the material delivered by them. The first operator is responsible for the documents being prepared the first time. The documents sh
42、all be available and provided on justified request throughout the entire supply chain according to EN 15234-1. 5.3 Production requirements The methodology described below for quality assurance and quality control of the production shall be used, but shall be adjusted for the production requirements
43、of the specific firewood production chain in question. There are six consecutive steps that have to be followed by every stakeholder in the supply chain. The steps are described below. For examples of documentation, see informative Annex A. Step 1: Define fuel requirements for the final product (see
44、 5.4) Step 2: Document the steps in the raw material supply, production and distribution processes (see 5.5, Figures 2 or 3) Step 3: Identify quality influencing factors including company performance (see 5.5, Figures 2 or 3) Step 4: Define Critical Control Points for compliance with the fuel specif
45、ication (see 5.5, Figures 2 or 3) Step 5: Select appropriate measures to assure the quality of the product (see 5.6) Step 6: Establish routines of separate handling of nonconforming raw materials and solid biofuels (see 5.7) The following information will give a general overview about documenting th
46、e requirements for the production in a firewood supply chain. 5.4 Fuel requirements for the final product (Step 1) Firewood for non-industrial use are produced according to EN 14961-5. DIN EN 15234-5:2012-04 EN 15234-5:2012 (E) 8 NOTE The fuel specification is based on EN 14961-1:2010 general part,
47、Table 7 in the case of individually made agreements. 5.5 Process description (Steps 2, 3 and 4) Examples of the process description with the corresponding quality influencing factors and critical control points are given in Figure 2 and Figure 3. Figure 2 Example for the description of the productio
48、n process and the distribution chain with influencing factors and Critical Control Points for firewood based on 1 metre logs EXAMPLE 1 The producer of firewood himself transports the logs wood from the nearby forest, saws and splits it into L100 pieces and bundles each to 1 m on wet basis. The producer stores it for natural seasoning on a clean and solid ground and protected against rain. After natural seasoning withi
