1、-DQXDU7UDQVODWLRQE,16SUDFKHQGLHQVW(QJOLVKSULFHJURXS1RSDUWRIWKLVWUDQVODWLRQPDEHUHSURGXFHGZLWKRXWSULRUSHUPLVVLRQRI,1HXWVFKHV,QVWLWXWIU1RUPXQJH9%HUOLQ%HXWK9HUODJ*PE+%HUOLQ*HUPDQKDVWKHHFOXVLYHULJKWRIVDOHIRU*HUPDQ6WDQGDUGV ,11RUPHQ , Part 2: Freight wagons. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulatio
2、ns, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
3、 Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. DINEN 16116-1:2014-01EN 16116-1:2013(E)4 Introduction Locomotives, luggage vans and passenger rolling stock are designed so that staff
4、 are not exposed to undue risk during coupling and access to the vehicle or to special equipment. It is therefore essential to define common requirements for rolling stock. DINEN 16116-1:2014-01EN 16116-1:2013(E)5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the minimum ergonomic and structural integrit
5、y requirements for steps and handrails used by railway staff to access passenger vehicles, luggage vans, locomotives and power units of rolling stock. It also applies to passenger-rated car carriers. This European Standard defines the required spaces necessary for handling of screw couplings with si
6、de buffers, shunter handrails and shunters stand. For staff access, it defines footsteps, handrails and their dimensions and free spaces. To fulfil the requirements for loads which are applied by the staff, it defines dimensions and requirements for materials or design loads. It also defines the gen
7、eral requirements of steps and handrail for access to external equipment, for example windscreens, wipers or external lights. This European Standard does not cover on track machines (mobile railway infrastructure construction and maintenance equipment) and tram-trains. 2 Normative references The fol
8、lowing documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 131 (all pa
9、rts), Ladders EN 10025-2:2004, Hot rolled products of structural steels Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for non-alloy structural steels EN 14752:2005, Railway applications Bodyside entrance systems EN 15085 (all parts), Railway applications Welding of railway vehicles and components EN 15273 (
10、all parts), Railway applications Gauges EN 16116-2, Railway applications Design requirements for steps, handrails and associated staff access Part 2: Freight wagons 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 clearance defined free space
11、which is needed to ensure space for the correct functioning of, and safety when handling, devices 3.2 step footstep with defined properties solely for staff use 3.3 shunter shunting staff who couple and uncouple vehicles and direct movements DIN EN 16116-1:2014-01 EN 16116-1:2013(E)6 3.4 shunters st
12、ep specific step used for the shunters stand 3.5 handrail handrail with defined properties solely for staff use 3.6 shunter handrail specific handrail fitted at headstock under each buffer 3.7 shunters stand shunters step in combination with handrail for the specific use of shunting staff to allow t
13、ravel outside the vehicle during shunting 3.8 reserved spaces defined free space which is needed to ensure safe working conditions for the shunting staff during coupling and uncoupling of screw couplings 3.9 safe working position position for the shunter allowing sight for directing driving during s
14、hunting operations Note 1 to entry: These positions may be: a shunters stand, a platform, a step with a corresponding handrail, the drivers cab or vestibule of a passenger car with sight in the direction of travel. 4 General requirements for steps and handrails Steps and handrails shall withstand th
15、e loads applied by staff. For confidence in the safety of steps and handrails an appropriate stiffness should be provided. The corresponding stiffness criteria (permissible elastic deformation under load) for steps and handrails are optional and should be defined in the specification. The following
16、requirements shall be demonstrated by analyses or tests: steps used as a safe working position for the shunter shall be able to withstand separately acting forces of 2 kN vertically and 1,5 kN laterally or longitudinally, applied by staff at any point without causing permanent deformation to it or i
17、ts fixings, other steps shall be capable of withstanding separately acting forces of 1,5 kN vertically and 1,5 kN laterally or longitudinally, applied by staff at any point without causing permanent deformation to it or its fixings, DIN EN 16116-1:2014-01 EN 16116-1:2013(E)7 handrails shall be capab
18、le of withstanding a force applied by staff of 1,5 kN at any point in any direction without causing permanent deformation to it or its fixings. When demonstrated by tests it is recommended that the component is preloaded to stabilise any residual stresses induced during manufacture and the maximum f
19、orce is applied at least twice. The results of the final tests shall not show permanent deformations. Handrails shall not have any sharp edges; where handrails have a rectangular section the corners shall be rounded. Unless otherwise specified in this standard, the cross sectional dimensions shall b
20、e: for round shape between 20 mm and 35 mm or for oval shape: minimum dimension of 12 mm thickness and 35 mm width and maximum dimension of 40 mm. Unless otherwise specified in this standard, the handrails should have a minimum clearance of 100 mm that may be reduced to a minimum of 40 mm if necessa
21、ry. Steps and handrails used by staff shall be secured as follows: with positive locking or with bolts of adequate length and appropriate self-locking or with high-strength lock ring-bolts or welded into place in accordance with EN 15085. All steps shall be made with a non slip surface and shall not
22、 have sharp edges causing obstacles for the shoes of the staff. Steps or platforms used as a safe working position for the shunter, walkways and access steps to the platform and drivers cab at shunting powered units which could be covered with ice because they are not sheltered from weather conditio
23、ns shall be made of metal gratings and fulfil the following criteria: 1) Resistance to friction: The average value of the coefficient of friction measured in 3 directions (lengthwise, widthwise and diagonally) shall reach the following minimum values: a) in dry and wet (water) condition: 0,65 b) in
24、oiled condition: 0,30 Coefficient of friction values shall be ascertained by means of a 100 mm 100 mm movable plate, on which a rubber pad with 80 shore hardness shall be glued; this plate shall be loaded with a weight of 75 kg. For the measurements carried out with water and oil, the grating shall
25、be fully immersed. 2) Grating structure: To ensure that the gratings are sufficiently well-adapted to winter conditions, a ratio of at least 50 % of “void” area to total area shall be observed. Only apertures that can be penetrated by a ball-shaped object with a diameter of 10 mm and have a minimum
26、area of 400 mm2shall be taken into account to determine this ratio. NOTE The “void” area is the free space afforded by the grating apertures in the vertical direction. Examples which fulfil the above criteria are given in Annex A. DIN EN 16116-1:2014-01 EN 16116-1:2013(E)8 Other steps which are not
27、sheltered from weather conditions should be sufficiently well-adapted to conditions in relation with their use. All dimensions given in this standard with respect to top of rail shall be derived for vehicles in working order standing on a horizontal track. 5 Requirements for handling screw couplings
28、 with side buffers 5.1 General Vehicles which have to be coupled to trains of variable consist by screw couplings shall provide: safe working positions for the shunter at each vehicle end fitted with screw couplings, a shunter handrail under each buffer and reserved spaces for safe operation by the
29、shunter. A safe working position shall be accessible from both sides of the vehicle from 200 mm below top of rail. If defined in the specification, a safe working position for the shunter may be omitted on the vehicle (e.g. dining cars or sleeping cars with side end doors only on one vehicle end or
30、according to national regulations). In this case other operational solutions shall allow shunting of such vehicles and this shall be defined in the specification. On passenger coaches and luggage vans fitted with side end doors, where there are no outside handholds or steps for passengers, when the
31、door is closed, special handrails and steps for shunters may be omitted. In this case, the inner handrails and the inner door steps shall serve as a working position for the shunter when the door is open. The shunter shall have the possibility to open the doors from outside or inside and sliding doo
32、rs shall not cause danger to the shunter during the shunting process. Powered units that are exclusively or mainly intended for shunting purposes shall be provided at least at one end with a transverse platform accessible from both sides. For the different types of vehicles, the following Table 1 pr
33、ovides the requirements for the working position and reserved spaces for the shunter and the corresponding clauses of this standard for the detailed descriptions. To avoid the risk of train surfing, the safe working position based on steps and corresponding handrails, which are accessible when the d
34、oors are closed, is not allowed for passenger coaches. DINEN 16116-1:2014-01EN 16116-1:2013(E)9 Table 1 Requirements for safe working position of the shunter Type of vehicle Safe working position for shunter Corresponding clauses for steps hand- rails reserved spaces Passenger coaches With side end
35、doors Side end doors or position inside vehicle with sight for directing driving 5.1 5.1 6.2.1 Without side end doors Position inside vehicle with sight for directing driving 5.1 5.1 6.2 Car carriers Lower deck 8.1 8.1 6.2.1 Cab ends of driving trailers Drivers cab and/or step with a corresponding h
36、andrail or shunters standa5.2, 5.3.1 5.4.2 6.2 Powered units Intended for shunting purposes Transverse platform 5.5 5.5 6.2.1 Steps at each of the four corners 5.3.2 5.4.3 6.2 Not intended for shunting purposes Drivers cab and/or step with a corresponding handrail or shunters standa5.2, 5.3.1 5.4.2
37、6.2 aFor power units not intended for shunting purposes and cab ends of driving trailers, steps with a corresponding handrail or a shunters stand are not necessary but may be required by the specification. Vehicles which have to be coupled by screw couplings shall be equipped with two shunter handra
38、ils as described in 5.4.1. 5.2 Shunters stand If a shunters stand is required the shunters step shall be designed according to 5.3.1 in combination with the corresponding handrails according to 5.4.2. The position and dimensions required for the shunters step and the corresponding handrails are thos
39、e of the general case in EN 16116-2. If applicable the rear edge of the shunters step should lie in the buffer vertical fixing plane. The minimum distance of the step end to the contact plane of the fully compressed buffers shall be 150 mm. 5.3 Steps 5.3.1 Shunters step The shunters step may be made
40、 according to EN 16116-2. For this step design, securing by welding is not permissible. This step design fulfils the requirements given in Clause 4. Other designs for the shunters step are permissible if they fulfil the requirements given in Clause 4. DINEN 16116-1:2014-01EN 16116-1:2013(E)10 5.3.2
41、Steps at corners of shunting powered units These steps apply to shunting powered units that are exclusively or mainly intended for shunting purposes. At each of the four corners of the underframe a step enabling at least one member of the staff to stand shall be provided. This step can be either the
42、 lower rung of the steps for gaining access to the transverse platform or a recess embodying a step. The lowest rung of the step shall be located at the lowest height above rail level compatible with the gauge limit, not higher than 600 mm but preferably be lower than 560 mm. The positioning of this
43、 rung shall ensure the required space above steps as defined in 6.2.2, Figure 3. The unobstructed surface of this rung shall be at least 500 mm long in the running direction and at least 300 mm deep transversely. The vertical spacing of the rungs shall not exceed 325 mm. 5.4 Handrails 5.4.1 Shunter
44、handrail One shunter handrail shall be located at each headstock under each buffer. These shall be at least 260 mm long and be situated at a lateral distance of between 500 mm and 750 mm for either side of the vehicle centre line. The minimum clearance between the handrails and any part of the vehic
45、le should be preferably 100 mm but shall be at least 50 mm. The minimum dimensions and the positions for the shunter handrail are defined in Figure 1. The shunter handrail shall be made of round bar steel with a diameter of min. 20 mm to max. 35 mm and the material strength shall be as a minimum tha
46、t of EN 10025-2, grade S235. Such a design fulfils the load requirements of Clause 4 without further assessment. Other materials or designs for the shunter handrail are permissible if they fulfil the strength and dimension requirements given in Clause 4. Dimensions in millimetres Figure 1 Positions
47、of shunter handrails DIN EN 16116-1:2014-01 EN 16116-1:2013(E)11 5.4.2 Handrails corresponding to shunters stand The handrails corresponding to the shunters stand are those of the general case in EN 16116-2. These handrails shall be made of round bar steel with a minimum diameter of 20 mm or of stee
48、l tube with a minimum external diameter of 30 mm and a minimum wall thickness of 2 mm. The material strength shall be as a minimum that of EN 10025-2, grade S235. Such a design fulfils the load requirements of Clause 4. Other materials for these handrails are permissible if they fulfil the strength requirements given in Clause 4. 5.4.3 Handrails for steps at corners of shunting powered units All steps as described in 5.3.2 shall be provided wi
