1、April 2014Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 11No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 7
2、7.040.20!%1A0“2143013www.din.deDDIN EN ISO 5579Non-destructive testing Radiographic testing of metallic materials using film and X- or gammarays Basic rules (ISO 5579:2013);English version EN ISO 5579:2013,English translation of DIN EN ISO 5579:2014-04Zerstrungsfreie Prfung Durchstrahlungsprfung von
3、 metallischen Werkstoffen mit Film und Rntgen- oderGammastrahlen Grundlagen (ISO 5579:2013);Englische Fassung EN ISO 5579:2013,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN ISO 5579:2014-04Essais non destructifs Contrle radiographique des matriaux mtalliques au moyen de film et de rayons Xet gamma Rgles de base (
4、ISO 5579:2013);Version anglaise EN ISO 5579:2013,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN ISO 5579:2014-04SupersedesDIN EN 444:1994-04www.beuth.deIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.Document comprises 19 pages03.14 DIN EN ISO 5579:2014-04 2 A comma is used as the de
5、cimal marker. National foreword This document (EN ISO 5579:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 138 “Non-destructive testing” (Secretariat: AFNOR, France) in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 135 “Non-destructive testing”. The responsible German body involved in its prep
6、aration was the Normenausschuss Materialprfung (Materials Testing Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 062-08-22 AA Durchstrahlungsprfung und Strahlenschutz. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in this document are as follows: ISO 5580 DIN EN 25580 ISO 97
7、12 DIN EN ISO 9712 ISO 11699-1 DIN EN ISO 11699-1 ISO 11699-2 DIN EN ISO 11699-2 ISO 19232-1 DIN EN ISO 19232-1 ISO 19232-2 DIN EN ISO 19232-2 ISO 19232-3 DIN EN ISO 19232-3 ISO 19232-4 DIN EN ISO 19232-4 Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN 444:1994-04 as follows: a) DIN EN 444:1994-04 has
8、been largely adopted in both form and content; b) Tables 1 and 3 have been supplemented to include Se 75; c) the text of the standard has been editorially revised. Previous editions DIN EN 444: 1994-04 DIN EN ISO 5579:2014-04 3 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN 25580, Non-destructi
9、ve testing Industrial radiographic illuminators Minimum requirements DIN EN ISO 9712, Non-destructive testing Qualification and certification of NDT personnel DIN EN ISO 11699-1, Non-destructive testing Industrial radiographic films Part 1: Classification of film systems for industrial radiography D
10、IN EN ISO 11699-2, Non-destructive testing Industrial radiographic films Part 2: Control of film processing by means of reference values DIN EN ISO 19232-1, Non-destructive testing Image quality of radiographs Part 1: Determination of the image quality value using wire-type image quality indicators
11、DIN EN ISO 19232-2, Non-destructive testing Image quality of radiographs Part 2: Determination of the image quality value using step/hole-type image quality indicators DIN EN ISO 19232-3, Non-destructive testing Image quality of radiographs Part 3: Image quality classes DIN EN ISO 19232-4, Non-destr
12、uctive testing Image quality of radiographs Part 4: Experimental evaluation of image quality values and image quality tables DIN EN ISO 5579:2014-04 4 This page is intentionally blank EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 5579December 2013 ICS 77.040.20 Supersedes EN 444:1994Engli
13、sh Version Non-destructive testing - Radiographic testing of metallic materials using film and X- or gamma rays - Basic rules(ISO 5579:2013)Essais non destructifs - Contrle radiographique des matriaux mtalliques au moyen de film et de rayons X et gamma - Rgles de base (ISO 5579:2013) Zerstrungsfreie
14、 Prfung - Durchstrahlungsprfung von metallischen Werkstoffen mit Film und Rntgen- oder Gammastrahlen - Grundlagen (ISO 5579:2013) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 November 2013. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions f
15、or giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in thr
16、ee official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bo
17、dies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,
18、Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGCEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwid
19、e for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 5579:2013 EContentsPage Foreword . 3 Introduction . 4 1 Scope . 5 2 Normative references. 5 3 Terms and definitions 5 4 Classification of radiographic techniques. 6 5 General 7 5.1 Personnel qualification 7 5.2 Protection against ionizing radiation . 7 5.3
20、 Surface preparation and stage of manufacture 7 5.4 Identification of radiographs . 7 5.5 Marking 7 5.6 Overlap of films 7 5.7 Image quality indicator (IQI) 7 6 Recommended techniques for making radiographs 7 6.1 Test arrangements . 7 6.2 Choice of X-ray tube voltage and radiation source 8 6.3 Film
21、systems and screens 9 6.4 Alignment of beam . 11 6.5 Reduction of scattered radiation 11 6.6 Source-to-object distance . 11 6.7 Maximum area for a single exposure . 13 6.8 Density of radiograph 14 6.9 Processing 14 6.10 Film viewing conditions 14 7 Test report . 14 2DIN EN ISO 5579:2014-04EN ISO 557
22、9:2013 (E)Foreword The text of ISO 5579:2013 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 135 “Non-destructive testing” of the International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 5579:2013 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 138 “Non-destructive testing” the secretari
23、at of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2014. Attention is drawn to the
24、 possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 444:1994. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards
25、 organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxemb
26、ourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 5579:2013 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 5579:2013 without any modification. 3DIN EN ISO 5579:2014-04EN ISO 5579:2013 (E)
27、IntroductionThis International Standard specifies fundamental techniques of radiography, with the object of enabling satisfactory and repeatable results to be obtained economically. The techniques are based on generally accepted practice and the fundamental theory of the subject.Standards relating t
28、o specific applications should conform to these basic rules.4DIN EN ISO 5579:2014-04EN ISO 5579:2013 (E)1 ScopeThis International Standard outlines the general rules for industrial X- and gamma-radiography for flaw-detection purposes, using film techniques, applicable to the inspection of metallic p
29、roducts and materials.It does not lay down acceptance criteria of the imperfections.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For und
30、ated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 5576, Non-destructive testing Industrial X-ray and gamma-ray radiology VocabularyISO 5580, Non-destructive testing Industrial radiographic illuminators Minimum requirementsISO 9712, Non-destructive
31、testing Qualification and certification of NDT personnelISO 11699-1, Non-destructive testing Industrial radiographic film Part 1: Classification of film systems for industrial radiographyISO 11699-2, Non-destructive testing Industrial radiographic films Part 2: Control of film processing by means of
32、 reference valuesISO 19232-1, Non-destructive testing Image quality of radiographs Part 1: Determination of the image quality value using wire-type image quality indicatorsISO 19232-2, Non-destructive testing Image quality of radiographs Part 2: Determination of the image quality value using step/ho
33、le-type image quality indicatorsISO 19232-3, Non-destructive testing Image quality of radiographs Part 3: Image quality classesISO 19232-4, Non-destructive testing Image quality of radiographs Part 4: Experimental evaluation of image quality values and image quality tablesEN 12543 (all parts), Non-d
34、estructive testing Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing Part 2: Pinhole camera radiographic methodEN 12679, Non-destructive testing Determination of the size of industrial radiographic sources Radiographic method3 Terms and definitionsFor the
35、purposes of this document, the terms and definitions in ISO 5576 and the following apply.3.1nominal thicknesstnominal thickness of the material in the region under examinationNote 1 to entry: Manufacturing tolerances do not have to be taken into account.5DIN EN ISO 5579:2014-04EN ISO 5579:2013 (E)3.
36、2penetrated thicknesswthickness of material in the direction of the radiation beam calculated on basis of the nominal thicknesses of all penetrated walls3.3object-to-film distancebdistance between the radiation side of the radiographed part of the test object and the film surface measured along the
37、central axis of the radiation beam3.4source sizedsize of the radiation source or focal spot sizeNote 1 to entry: Source size is according to EN 12543 for X-ray tubes or EN 12679 for gamma ray sources.3.5source-to-film distanceSFDdistance between the source of radiation and the film measured in the d
38、irection of the beamNote 1 to entry: SFD is the sum of the source-to-object distance (3.6) and the object-to-film distance (3.3).3.6source-to-object distancefdistance between the source of radiation and the source side of the test object measured along the central axis of the radiation beam4 Classif
39、ication of radiographic techniquesThe radiographic techniques are divided into two classes:1) Class A: basic techniques;2) Class B: improved techniques.Class B techniques will be used when class A might be insufficiently sensitive.Better techniques compared with class B are possible and may be agree
40、d between the contracting parties by specification of all appropriate test parameters.The choice of radiographic technique shall be agreed between the parties concerned.If, for technical or industrial reasons, it is not possible to meet one of the conditions specified for class B, such as the type o
41、f radiation source or the source-to-object distance, f, it may be agreed by contracting parties that the condition selected may be what is specified for class A. The loss of sensitivity shall be compensated by an increase of minimum density to 3,0 or by selection of a better film system class with a
42、 minimum density of 2,6. The other conditions for class B remain unchanged, especially the image quality achieved (see 5.7). Because of the better sensitivity compared to class A, the test specimen may be regarded as being examined to class B.6DIN EN ISO 5579:2014-04EN ISO 5579:2013 (E)5 General5.1
43、Personnel qualificationPersonnel performing non-destructive testing in accordance with this International Standard shall be qualified in accordance with ISO 9712 or equivalent to an appropriate level in the relevant industrial sector.5.2 Protection against ionizing radiationWARNING Exposure of any p
44、art of the human body to X-rays or gamma ray can be highly injurious to health. Wherever X-ray equipment or radioactive sources are in use, appropriate legal requirements must be applied.Local or national or international safety precautions when using ionizing radiation shall be strictly applied.5.3
45、 Surface preparation and stage of manufactureIn general, surface preparation is not necessary, but where surface imperfections or coatings can cause difficulty in detecting defects, the surface shall be ground smooth or the coatings shall be removed.Unless otherwise specified, radiography shall be c
46、arried out after the final stage of manufacture, e.g. after grinding or heat treatment.5.4 Identification of radiographsSymbols shall be affixed to each section of the object being radiographed. The images of these symbols shall appear in the radiograph outside the region of interest where possible
47、and shall ensure unambiguous identification of the section.5.5 MarkingPermanent markings on the object to be examined shall be made in order to accurately locate the position of each radiograph.Where the nature of the material and/or its service conditions do not permit permanent marking, the locati
48、on may be recorded by means of accurate sketches or photographs.5.6 Overlap of filmsWhen radiographing an area with two or more separate films, the films shall overlap sufficiently to ensure that the complete region of interest is radiographed. This shall be verified by a high-density marker on the
49、surface of the object which will appear on each film.5.7 Image quality indicator (IQI)The quality of image shall be verified by use of an IQI in accordance with specific application standards and ISO 19232-1, ISO 19232-2, ISO 19232-3, and ISO 19232-4.6 Recommended techniques for making radiographs6.1 Test arrangementsTest arrangements shall be determined by the specific application standards.7DI
