1、April 2010 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 8No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 8
2、5.060!$aU:“1625023www.din.deDDIN ISO 15754Paper and board Determination of z-directional tensile strength (ISO 15754:2009)English translation of DIN ISO 15754:2010-04Papier und Pappe Bestimmung der Bruchkraft in z-Richtung (ISO 15754:2009)Englische bersetzung von DIN ISO 15754:2010-04Papier et carto
3、n Dtermination de la force de traction dans la direction z (ISO 15754:2009)Traduction anglaise de DIN ISO 15754:2010-04www.beuth.deIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.Document comprises 11 pages04.10 A comma is used as the decimal marker. Contents Page Na
4、tional foreword 3 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography 3 Introduction.4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Principle5 5 Apparatus .6 6 Calibration 6 6.1 General6 6.2 Checking.6 6.3 Test speed setting .7 7 Sampling and preparation of test pieces 7 7.1 Sampling.7 7
5、.2 Conditioning.7 7.3 Preparation of test pieces.7 8 Procedure .7 8.1 Mounting a test piece between the tester platens .7 8.2 Measurements8 9 Calculation8 10 Precision.9 10.1 Repeatability.9 10.2 Reproducibility.9 11 Test report 9 Annex A (informative) The influence of the tape quality on the result
6、s . 10 Bibliography. 11 2 DIN ISO 15754:2010-04 3 DIN ISO 15754:2010-04 National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6/SC 2 “Test methods and quality specifications for paper and board” (Secretariat: SIS, Sweden). The responsible German body involved in its prepara
7、tion was the Normenausschuss Papier, Pappe und Faserstoff (Paper, Board and Pulps Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 074-02-03 AA Physikalisch-technologische Prfverfahren fr Papier und Pappe. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in clause 2 of this docum
8、ent are as follows: ISO 186 DIN EN ISO 186 ISO 187 DIN EN 20187 The text of the International Standard ISO 15754:2009, Paper and board Determination of z-directional tensile strength was adopted without any modification. National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN ISO 186, Paper and board Sa
9、mpling to determine average quality DIN EN 20187, Paper, board and pulps Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples Introduction This International Standard has been developed in order to specify the conditions for determi
10、ning the z-directional tensile strength of paper and board, i.e. the tensile strength in the z-direction. The terminology for the strength of paper in the thickness direction is not well defined. Terms such as z-directional tensile strength, Scott Bond, internal bond strength, internal fibre bond st
11、rength, ply adhesion and ply bond strength are used, depending on the measurement procedure, on the type of sample tested and on the purpose of the measurement. 4 DIN ISO 15754:2010-04 Paper and board Determination of z-directional tensile strength 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a met
12、hod for the determination of z-directional tensile strength, i.e. the tensile strength in the z-direction. It is applicable to paper and board, but not applicable to corrugated fibreboard. For papers, the grammage range can not be stated explicitly, but results for papers having a grammage less than
13、 60 g/m2shall be treated with caution since the tape may reinforce the paper. This International Standard does not determine the absolute strength of paper as the measurement is affected by the tape, the pressing conditions and the speed used. 2 Normative references The following referenced document
14、s are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 186, Paper and board Sampling to determine average quality ISO 187, Paper, boa
15、rd and pulps Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 z-direction direction perpendicular to the plane of the mate
16、rial 3.2 z-directional tensile strength maximum tensile stress a paper or board can withstand, when it is loaded in the z-direction under the conditions described in this International Standard 4 Principle A test piece, attached to and between two flat metal plates using double-sided adhesive tape a
17、nd given pressure for a specified time, is strained to break during a given time of loading, using a tensile-testing apparatus that records the maximum tensile force in the z-direction. 5 DIN ISO 15754:2010-04 5 Apparatus 5.1 Compression device, for bonding the tape to the test piece and to the test
18、er platens, with a compression force corresponding to (1,4 0,1) MPa. 5.2 Tensile-testing apparatus, having a tensile force measuring device, reading to an accuracy of 2 % across the range of the load cell. NOTE A force measuring device with a maximum capacity of 1 kN has been found to be suitable. T
19、he dynamic performance of the testing instrument is a critical parameter in this test where a peak force shall be determined within a very short time. Care shall be taken on the sampling rate and the force signal filtering which includes the mechanical design of the instrument in use. It is the task
20、 of the manufacturer of the testing instrument to provide a testing instrument that can capture the peak force with sufficient accuracy. The tensile-testing apparatus shall have a drive unit which allows test speed settings according to 6.3. 5.3 Two flat circular or square tester platens, having a t
21、est area of either (645 10) mm2or (1 000 10) mm2. Platen parallelism can be achieved either by a self-adjusting (swivel) mounting or by laterally guided, rigid compression platens. In the latter case, the parallelism tolerances shall be better than 0,000 5 mm/mm when measured in the longest horizont
22、al direction of the platen test surfaces. NOTE In some constructions, one platen can be larger than the other. In that case, the test-area is determined by the smallest area. The tester platens shall be stiff so that the platen surfaces do not bend during the compression procedure or the tensile tes
23、ting. 5.4 Device for aligning the tester platens, so that their vertical axes are aligned within 0,5 mm. 5.5 Double-sided adhesive tape, that is stronger than the tested sample and larger than the tester platens. NOTE 1 It is not possible to state either the brand of the tape or the strength charact
24、eristics of the tape. Manufacturers constantly change the formulation and properties. NOTE 2 The quality of the tape is affected by ageing. The tape manufacturers recommendation for storage is followed. 5.6 Punch or cutter for preparation of test pieces, with a size slightly larger than the tester p
25、latens (5.3). 5.7 Solvent, ethyl alcohol or similar. 6 Calibration 6.1 General Calibrate or verify the apparatus parameters according to instructions given by the manufacturer of the testing instrument. 6.2 Checking Check that the platens are parallel in accordance with the specifications given in 5
26、.3, and that they are aligned according to the specification given in 5.4. 6 DIN ISO 15754:2010-04 6.3 Test speed setting This International Standard requires that a stress of 500 kPa shall be reached in (200 20) milliseconds, i.e. a stress rate of 2,5 N/mm2per second. The corresponding elongation r
27、ate is dependent on the stiffness of the testing equipment. The required stress rate can be obtained by adjusting the elongation rate in such a way that this condition is fulfilled. Perform the calibration as follows. For the platen size used, calculate the force, F, as the stress (500 kPa = 0,5 N/m
28、m2) times the area (645 mm2or 1 000 mm2). Fasten the platens together with one layer of double-sided adhesive tape between the platens. Record the force versus the time. Perform a preliminary test by choosing an arbitrary elongation rate (around 60 mm/min) and record the time from zero force to the
29、force, F (322,5 N or 500 N). If the time is not correct, adjust the elongation rate. Repeat this procedure until the time is (200 20) milliseconds. Then accept this elongation rate, ER, and use this elongation rate for all future tests, irrespective of the paper to be tested or the tape used. NOTE T
30、he elongation rate, ER, is usually supplied by the manufacturer of the instrument. 7 Sampling and preparation of test pieces 7.1 Sampling If the test is being made to evaluate a lot of paper or board, carry out the sampling in accordance with ISO 186. If the test is made on another type of sample, r
31、eport the source of the sample and if possible, the sampling procedure used. Make sure that the specimens taken are representative of the sample received. 7.2 Conditioning Condition the tape and the specimens of paper and board as specified in ISO 187 and keep them in the conditioning atmosphere thr
32、oughout the test. 7.3 Preparation of test pieces From specimens of undamaged paper and board, cut the specified test pieces, avoiding watermarks, folds and wrinkles. The number of test pieces shall enable the accomplishment of at least five tests. The size of the test pieces must be larger than the
33、size of the platens. NOTE The test piece area under test is determined by the area of the tester platens (5.3). 8 Procedure 8.1 Mounting a test piece between the tester platens Clean the tester platens (5.3) with a solvent (5.7) prior to each days testing. Dry the platens with a dry tissue or a soft
34、 cloth. Maintain the test surface of the platens in a clean state at all times. Do not touch the cleaned platens with bare hands. Remove the protective liner from one side of a piece of the double-sided adhesive tape (5.5) and fix the tape to one side of the test piece so that it covers an area at l
35、east as large as the platens (5.3). Repeat this procedure on the other side of the test piece. Remove the protective liner from the tape on both sides of the test piece. 7 DIN ISO 15754:2010-04 Place the test piece between the aligned tester platens so that the test piece slightly protrudes outside
36、of the tester platens. Make sure that the inner surfaces of both platens are completely covered with tape. Compress the test piece between the tester platens with a force corresponding to a pressure of (1,4 0,1) MPa for (6 1) s. Avoid bending or pulling the tester platens while the test piece is att
37、ached. 8.2 Measurements Strain the test piece to break, using the test speed setting selected according to 6.3 and record the maximum force, F. Remove the test piece from the tester platens. Be careful not to touch the test surface of the platens. If the tester platens are touched when removing the
38、tape or other material, clean the tester platens again with solvent (5.7) and dry them. Never use sharp tools to remove the tape from the platens. Make sure that the platen surfaces are not damaged. Visually study the paper surfaces after failure and make sure that the break has occurred within the
39、test piece. If the fracture occurs between the tape and the platen or between the tape and test piece, discard the result from this particular test. If 20 % or more of the test results are invalid because failure has not occurred in the sample, replace the tape with a stronger tape to comply with 5.
40、5. Discard all previous results and repeat the testing. NOTE If, after changing the tape and a stronger tape is not available, 20 % or more invalid results are still obtained, the sample may still be tested by using a higher pressing pressure and/or pressing for a longer time. The results obtained d
41、o not comply with the requirements of this International Standard. Carry out at least five valid measurements. 9 Calculation Calculate the mean z-directional tensile strength, ZD, in kilopascals, using Equation (1): 3ZD10FA = (1) where F is the mean maximum tensile force, in newtons; A is the area o
42、f the tester platens, in square millimetres. Report the z-directional tensile strength, ZD, to three significant figures. Calculate, also, the coefficient of variation, CV, of the z-directional tensile strength. 8 DIN ISO 15754:2010-04 10 Precision 10.1 Repeatability In an interlaboratory comparison
43、 study, using the test speed setting specified in this International Standard, 12 laboratories tested three different paper grades; sack paper, kraft liner and paperboard. Five different instrument suppliers were represented. For each laboratory, the average of five measurements of each paper grade
44、was reported. The average coefficient of variation, CV, for the 11 participating laboratories was 5,3 %, 4,5 % and 3,7 %, respectively, for the three paper grades. Rejection of extremes according to Dixon and Massey1was performed. 10.2 Reproducibility In an interlaboratory comparison study, using th
45、e test speed setting specified in this International Standard, 12 laboratories tested three different paper grades; sack paper, kraft liner and paperboard. Five different instrument suppliers were represented. For each laboratory the average of five measurements of each paper grade was reported. The
46、 results are given in Table 1. Rejection of extremes according to Dixon and Massey1was performed. Table 1 Reproducibility data Mean value, z-tensile strength Standard deviation, s Coefficient of variation Reproducibility limit, RaSample kPa kPa % kPa Sack paper 668 146 21,8 405 Kraft liner 444 65,1
47、14,6 180 Paperboard 285 39,1 13,7 108 NOTE The recommendations in ISO/TR 244982have been applied. aR = 1,96R2 s 11 Test report The test report shall include the following information: a) reference to this International Standard, i.e. ISO 15754; b) the date and place of testing; c) the conditioning a
48、tmosphere used; d) all the information necessary for complete identification of the sample; e) the adhesive tape used (brand and type); f) the z-directional tensile strength, in kilopascals; g) the coefficient of variation of the z-directional tensile strength; h) any deviation from this Internation
49、al Standard and any other circumstances that may have affected the result. 9 DIN ISO 15754:2010-04 Annex A (informative) The influence of the tape quality on the results A.1 Data using the same tape In a test1), four laboratories tested samples of paper and board from the same gross sample using tape from the same delivery. The repeatability and reproducibility coefficients of variation were as follows. Table A.1 Repeatability and reproducibility when using the same tape z-directional tensile strength Repeatability coefficient of variationR
