1、DEUTSCHE NORM July 199s Test code for machine tools Part 1 : Geometric accuracy of machines operating under no-load or finishing conditions (IS0 230-1 : 1996) - DIN IS0 230-1 - ICs 25.080.01 Supersedes DIN 8601, December 1986 edition. Werkzeugmaschinen - Prfregeln fr Werkzeugmaschinen - Teil 1 : Geo
2、metrische Genauigkeit von Maschinen, die ohne Last oder unter Schlichtbedingungen arbeiten (IS0 230-1 : 1996) This standard incorporates International Standard IS0 230-1 Test code for machine tools - Part 1 : Geometric accuracy of machines operating under no-load or finishing conditions. A comma is
3、used as the decimal marker. National foreword This standard has been prepared by ISOiTC 39. The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschu Werkzeugmaschinen (Machine Tools Standards Committee). The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to
4、in Annex B of the IS0 Standard are as follows: IS0 Standard DIN Standard IS0 230-2 DIN IS0 230-2*) IS0 286-1 DIN IS0 286-1 IS0 841 DIN 66217 IS0 1101 DIN IS0 1101 Amendments DIN 8601, December 1986 edition, has been superseded by the specifications of DIN IS0 230-1. Previous editions DIN 8601: 1939-
5、05, 1977-12, 1986-12. National Annex NA Standard referred to (and not included in Annex B) DIN 6621 7 Axis and motion nomenclature for numerically controlled machines *) At present at draft stage. IS0 Standard comprises 70 pages. O No part of this standard may be reproduced without the prior permiss
6、ion of Ref. No. DIN IS0 230-1 : 1999-07 DIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, D-10772 Berlin, has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-NomenJ. English price group 21 Sales No. 0421 12.99 Page 1 IS0 230-1 : 1996 Test code for machine tools Part 1 : Geome
7、tric accuracy of machines operating under no-load or finishing conditions Contents Page 1 Scope 9 2 General considerations 2.1 Definitions relating to geometric tests 2.2 Test methods and use of measuring instruments . 2.3 Tolerances 2.31 Tolerances on measurements when testing machine tools . 2.31
8、1 Units of measurement and measuring ranges 2.312 Rules concerning tolerances . 2.32 Subdivisions of tolerances 2.321 Tolerances applicable to test pieces and to individual components of machine tools . 2.321.1 Tolerances of dimension . 2.321.2 Tolerances of form . 2.321.3 Tolerances of position 2.3
9、21.4 Influence of errors of form in determining positional errors . 2.321.5 Local tolerances . 2.322 Tolerances applicable to the displacement of a component of a machine tool . 2.322.1 Tolerances of positioning 2.322.11 Tolerances of repeatability 2.322.2 Tolerances of the form of trajectory 2.322.
10、3 Tolerances of relative position of straight-line motion 2.322.4 Local tolerance of displacement of a component . 2.323 Overall or inclusive tolerances . 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 Page 2 IS0 230-1 : 1996 2.324 Symbols and positions of tolerances for relative angula
11、r positions of axes. slideways. etc . 2.325 Conventional definition of the axes and of the movements . 3 Preliminary operations . 3.11 Levelling . 3.1 Installation of the machine before test 3.2 Conditions of the machine before test 3.21 Dismantling of certain components 3.22 Temperature conditions
12、of certain components before test 3.23 Functioning and loading 4 Machining tests 4.1 Testing 4.2 Checking of workpieces in machining tests 5 Geometric tests 5.1 General . . 5.2 Straightness . . 5.21 Straightness of a line in a plane or in space . 5.211 Definition . 5.211.1 Straightness of a line in
13、a plane . 5.211.2 Straightness of a line in space 5.212 Methods of measurement of straightness 5.212.1 Methods based on the measurement of length 5.212.11 Straightedge method . (formerly 5.212.1 1 5.212.111 Measurement in a vertical plane . 5.212.112 Measurement in a horizontal plane 5.212.12 Taut-w
14、ire and microscope method. . (formerly 5.21 2.3) 5.212.13 Alignment telescope method 5.212.14 Alignment laser technique . 5.212.15 Laser interferometry technique 5.212.2 Methods based on the measurement of angles 5.212.21 Precision level method . 5.212.22 Autocollimation method 5.212.23 Method by la
15、ser interferometer (angle measurement) . 5.213 Tolerance . 5.213.1 Definition . 5.213.2 Determination of tolerance 5.22 Straightness of components Methods of straightness measurement . 5.221 Definition . 5.222 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 17 18 18 18 19 19
16、20 20 21 21 21 21 21 21 Page 3 IS0 230-1 : 1996 5.222.1 Reference grooves or reference surface of tables 21 5.222.2 Slideways 22 5222.21 Vee surfaces . 22 5.222.22 Cylindrical surfaces 22 5222.23 Single vertical surfaces . 23 5.222.24 Slant-bed configuration . 23 5.222.3 Tolerances . 23 5.23 Straigh
17、t-line motion . 5.231 Definitions 23 5.231.1 Positional deviations 23 5.231.2 Linear deviations 23 5.231.3 Angular deviations 24 5.232 Methods of measurement . 24 5.232.1 Methods of measurement of linear deviations 24 5.232.11 gauge (formerly 5.232.1) 24 5.232.12 wire (formerly 5.232.2) 24 5.232.13
18、Method using an alignment telescope 24 5.232.14 Method using a laser 24 5.232.2 Methods of measurement of angular deviation . 24 5.232.21 Method using a precision level . 25 5532.22 Method using an autocollimator . 25 Method using a laser 25 Tolerance for the linear deviation of straight-line motion
19、 25 5.3 Flatness . 25 5.31 Definition . 25 5.32 Methods of measurement . 25 Method with a Straightedge and a dial Method with microscope and taut- 5.232.15 Method using angle measurements 24 5.232.23 25 5.233 Tolerance 5.233.1 5.233.2 Tolerance for the angular deviation of straight-line motion 25 5.
20、321 Measurement of flatness by means of a surface plate . 25 5.321.1 Measurement by means of a surface plate and a dial gauge . 25 5.322 Measurement of flatness by means of straightedge(s1 26 5.322.1 Measurement by means of a family of straight lines by 5.3222 Measurement by means of straightedges.
21、a precision 5.323 Measurement of flatness by means of a precision level . 27 5.323.1 Measurement of a rectangular surface 27 5.3232 Measurement of plane surfaces with circular contours 27 5.324 Measurement of flatness by optical methods . 28 displacement of a straightedge . (formerly 5.322) 26 level
22、 and a dial gauge . 26 Page 4 IS0 230-1 : 1996 5.324.1 Measurement by an autocollimator . 5.324.2 Measurement by a sweep optical square . 5.324.3 Measurement by an alignment laser., . 5.324.4 Measurement by a laser measuring system 5.325 Measurement by a coordinate measuring machine 5.33 Tolerances
23、. 5.4 Parallelism. equidistance and coincidence 5.41 Parallelism of lines and planes 5.411 Definitions . 5.412 Methods of measurement . 5.412.1 General. for axes . 5.412.2 Parallelism of two planes 5.412.21 Straightedge and dial gauge . 5.412.22 Precision level method . . 5.412.3 Parallelism of two
24、axes 5.412.31 Plane passing through two axes . 5.412.32 Second plane perpendicular to the first . 5.412.4 Parallelism of an axis to a plane 5.412.5 Parallelism of an axis to the intersection of two planes . 5.412.6 Parallelism of the intersection of two planes to a third plane . 5.412.7 Parallelism
25、between two straight lines, each formed by the intersection of two planes . 5.413 Tolerances . 5.42 Parallelism of motion . 5.421 Definition . 5.422 Methods of measurement . 5.422.1 General 5.422.2 5.422.21 5.422.22 5.422.3 Parallelism of a trajectory to an axis 5.422.4 Parallelism of a trajectory t
26、o the intersection of two 5.422.5 Parallelism between two trajectories 5.423 Tolerance . 5.43 Equidistance . 5.431 Definition . 5.432 Methods of measurement . 5.432.1 General 5.432.2 Special case of the equidistance of two axes from the plane of pivoting of one of the axes Parallelism between a traj
27、ectory and a plane . Plane is on the moving component itself . Plane is not on the moving component itself 28 28 29 29 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 31 31 31 31 31 31 32 32 32 33 33 33 33 34 34 34 34 34 34 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 5.433 Tolerance . 36 Page 5 IS0 230-1 : 1996 5.44 Coaxiality, coincidence or al
28、ignment . . . . . . . . . 36 5.441 Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 5.442 Method of measurement . 36 5.443 Tolerance . 37 5.5 Squareness or perpendicularity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、. . . . . . 37 5.51 Squarenecs of straight lines and planes _._ . . 37 5.511 Definition , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 5.512 Methods of measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 5.512.1 General . . ._. . . .
30、 . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 5.512.2 Two planes at 90“ to each other. . . . . . . . 38 5.512.3 Two axes at 90“ to each other . . , ._. 38 5.512.31 The two axes are fixed axes . . . . . 38 5.512.32 One of the axes is an axis of rotation . . . 38
31、5.512.4 An axis and a plane at 90“ to each other _. 38 5.512.41 Fixed axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _. . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . 38 5.512.42 Axis of rotation _ . . . , ._ . . , , . . . 38 5.512.5 An axis at 90“ to the intersection of two planes. . .
32、 . . . . . 38 5.512.51 Fixed axis. . . . . . . . . 38 5.512.52 Axis of rotation. . - . 39 5.512.6 When the intersection of two planes is at 90“ to another plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 5.512.7 When two straight lines, each formed by the inte
33、rsection of two planes, are at 90“ to each other ._. . _. . _. . . ._ 39 5.513 Tolerance . 39 5.52 Perpendicularity of motion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 5.521 Definition . 39 5.522 Methods of measurement _. . . ._. . . . . . . . _. . . . . . . .
34、_. . _. 39 5.522.1 General . 39 5.5222 Perpendicularity between the trajectory of a point and a plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 5.522.3 Trajectory of a point at 90“ to an axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35、 . . . . . 40 5.522.4 Two trajectories perpendicular to each other , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 5.523 Tolerance . 40 5.6 Rotation . 40 5.61 Run-out . 41 5.611 Definitions 41 5.611.1 Out-of-round . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ._. . . . ._. 41 5.6112 Eccentricity . . . . . .
36、. . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 5.611.3 Radial throw of an axis at a given point . . 41 5.611.4 Run-out of a component at a given section . . . 41 5.612 Methods of measurement . 41 5.612.1 Precautions before testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -. . .
37、. . . . . . . . . 41 Page 6 IS0 230-1 1996 5.612.2 External surface 5.612.3 Internal surface . 5.613 Tolerance . -5.62 Periodic axial slip 5.621 Definitions . 5.621.1 Minimum axial play . 5.621.2 Periodic axial slip 5.622 Methods of measurement . 5.622.1 General 5.622.2 Applications 5.623 Tolerance
38、. 5.63 Camming . 5.631 Definitions . 5.632 Method of measurement 5.633 Tolerance . 6 Special tests 6.1 Division . 6.11 Definition of errors 6.111 Individual error of division 6.1 12 Successive error of division 6.113 Local error of division . 6.114 Cumulative error 6.1 15 Total error of division . 6
39、.116 Graphical representation of these errors 6.12 Methods of measurement . 6.13 Tolerance 6.2 Determination of the linear positioning deviations of screwdriven components . 6.3 Angular play 6.31 Definition . 6.32 devicekomponent) . 6.33 Tolerance 6.4 Repeatability of devices with angular indexing 6
40、.41 Definition . 6.42 Method of measurement 6.43 Tolerance 6.5 Intersection of axes . 6.51 Definition . 6.52 Methods of measurement . 6.521 Direct measurement 6.522 Indirect measurement 6.53 Tolerance . Method of measurement (testing of the indexing 42 42 42 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 44 44 44 44 45 45
41、 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 Page 7 IS0 230-1 : 1996 . 6.6 Circularity 48 6.61 Definition . 48 6.62 Methods of measurement on test pieces . 48 6.621 Circularity measuring machine with rotating pickup or rotating table 48 6.622 Coordinate measuring machine
42、49 6.623 Projection of the profile . 49 6.624 Vee-block method . 49 6.63 Measurement of numerically controlled (NC) circular movements 49 6.631 Rotating one-dimensional probe . 6.632 Circular master and two-dimensional probe . 49 6.633 Telescopic ball bar . 51 6.7 Cylindricity . 51 6.71 Definition .
43、 51 6.72 Methods of measurement . 51 6.721 Coordinate measuring machine . 51 6.722 Circularity measuring machine with rotating pickup or rotating table 52 6.723 Vee-block method., . 52 6.8 Consistency of machined diameters . 52 6.81 Definition . 52 6.82 Methods of measurement . 52 6.821 Micrometer o
44、r similar two-point measuring instrument 52 6.822 Height gauge . Annexes A Instruments and equipment for testing machine tools A.l General A2 Straightedges A.3 Test mandrels with taper shanks A.4 Mandrels between centres . A.5 Squares . A.6 Precision levels . A.7 Linear displacement probes A.8 Surfa
45、ce plates A.9 Microscopes with taut-wire A.10 Alignment telescopes A.11 Autocollimators . A.12 Sweep optical squares . A.13 Laser interferometers 53 53 53 54 59 60 62 63 64 64 65 66 67 67 B Bibliography . 70 Page 8 IS0 230-1 : 1996 Foreword IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is
46、 a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0 technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be rep- res
47、ented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0 collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standard
48、s adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard IS0 230-1 was prepared by Technical Committee iSO/TC 39, Machine tools, Subcom
49、mittee SC 2, Test conditions for metal- cutting machine tools. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (IS0 230-1 :1986), which has been technically revised. IS0 230 consists of the following parts, under the general title Test code for machine tools: - Part 1: Geometric accuracy of machines operating under no-load or finishing conditions Part 2: Determination of accuracy and repeatability of positioning of numerically controlled machine tool axes Part 3: Evaluation of thermal effects Part 4: Circular tests for numerically contr
