1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 16276:2013Evacuation Lighting in RoadTunnelsBS EN 16276:2013 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 16276:2013.The UK partici
2、pation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee EL/1/2, Road lighting.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its c
3、orrectapplication. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 74896 7ICS 93.080.40Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strat
4、egy Committee on 31 January 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 16276:2013EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16276 January 2013 ICS 93.080.40 English Version Evacuation Lighting in Road Tunnels clairage des itinraires dvacuation dans les tunnels routiers
5、 Evakuierungsbeleuchtung in Straentunneln This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 December 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration
6、. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by t
7、ranslation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Fi
8、nland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZA
9、TION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16276:2013: EBS EN 16276:2013EN 16276:2013 (E) 2 Contents
10、Page Foreword . 3 Introduction 4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references . 5 3 Terms and definitions 5 3.1 Tunnel construction aspects . 5 3.2 Road tunnel evacuation lighting terms . 7 4 Lighting of specific areas under emergency circumstances . 8 4.1 General . 8 4.2 Driving task lighting . 8 4.2.1 Carriag
11、eway 8 4.2.2 Vehicular cross connections . 9 4.3 Pedestrian guidance 9 4.3.1 General . 9 4.3.2 Evacuation route within the main tunnel 9 4.3.3 Emergency exits . 10 4.3.4 Evacuation route outside the main tunnel 11 Annex A (informative) Adeviations . 13 Bibliography 14 BS EN 16276:2013EN 16276:2013 (
12、E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 16276:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 169 “Light and lighting”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the
13、 latest by July 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all su
14、ch patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Mace
15、donia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 16276:2013EN 16276:2013 (E) 4 Introduction The Directive 2004/5
16、4/EC of the European Parliament of 29 April 2004 aims at ensuring a minimum level of safety for road users in tunnels in the Trans-European Network by the prevention of critical events that may endanger human life. With regard to lighting, there are two main cases: normal lighting and safety lightin
17、g. Normal lighting is provided to ensure appropriate visibility during the day and night for drivers in the entrance zone as well as in the interior zone. Safety lighting is divided into two parts: standby lighting and evacuation lighting. Standby lighting is provided to ensure a minimum visibility
18、for tunnel users to evacuate the tunnel in their vehicles in the event of a breakdown of the power supply. Evacuation lighting is provided to guide tunnel users during evacuation of the tunnel on foot in emergency circumstances such as fire. Evacuation lighting includes evacuation route marker light
19、s, emergency exit lighting, emergency exit marker lights and evacuation route lighting. BS EN 16276:2013EN 16276:2013 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies evacuation lighting in road tunnels longer than 500 m and with an AADT (Annual Average Daily Traffic) higher than 500 vehicles to facil
20、itate the safe evacuation of vehicle occupants in evacuation situations such as fire. It addresses the fundamental issues of evacuation lighting for evacuation routes, emergency exits and cross connections, as well as giving some practical advice regarding aspects of installation and maintenance in
21、road tunnels. It is intended to be used in conjunction with CEN/CR 14380:2003 or relevant national standards for road tunnel lighting. The recommendations may be applied to tunnels up to 500 m in length, especially where conditions such as high traffic volume, or severe curvature or gradient apply.
22、It specifies lighting levels and general provisions for evacuation lighting installations that, based on experience, are considered to be necessary for the safety of people driving through road tunnels in case of an incident and particularly in case of fire. However, as there are different types of
23、road tunnels, both in construction and traffic conditions, various types of incident may occur. This standard should be considered as a list of minimum prescriptions for evacuation lighting in tunnels, to be completed by means of specific risk analysis for the particular tunnel. The design of markin
24、g and safety signs is not part of this standard. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest editio
25、n of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1838:1999, Lighting applications Emergency lighting EN 12665:2011, Light and lighting Basic terms and criteria for specifying lighting requirements EN 50172:2004, Emergency escape lighting systems CEN/CR 14380:2003, Lighting applica
26、tions Tunnel Lighting 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 12665:2011, EN 1838:1999 and the following apply. 3.1 Tunnel construction aspects 3.1.1 main tunnel part of a tunnel which contains the carriageway 3.1.2 carriageway part of the roa
27、d used by vehicular traffic, normally divided into lanes 3.1.3 vehicular cross connections (between tunnel tubes) vehicular carriageway connecting adjacent tubes BS EN 16276:2013EN 16276:2013 (E) 6 Key 1 main tunnel 2 vehicular cross connection Figure 1 Vehicular cross connection 3.1.4 pedestrian cr
28、oss connections (between tunnel tubes) pedestrian route connecting adjacent tubes Key 1 main tunnel 2 pedestrian cross connection Figure 2 Pedestrian cross connection BS EN 16276:2013EN 16276:2013 (E) 7 3.1.5 evacuation route within the main tunnel pedestrian route from a stationary vehicle to an em
29、ergency exit 3.1.6 emergency exit exit intended to be used by pedestrians to escape from the main tunnel to a safe area (directly or via an evacuation route) 3.1.7 evacuation route outside the main tunnel pedestrian route after an emergency exit Key 1 main tunnel 2 emergency exit 3 outdoor 4 safety
30、gallery 5 safe area 6 evacuation route outside the main tunnel 7 final exit 8 evacuation route within the main tunnel 9 carriageway Figure 3 Tunnel construction examples 3.2 Road tunnel evacuation lighting terms 3.2.1 standby lighting part of the normal lighting that maintains the tunnel lighting at
31、 a specific level in the event of a breakdown of the power supply Note 1 to entry: Standby lighting is called emergency lighting in CEN/CR 14380:2003. BS EN 16276:2013EN 16276:2013 (E) 8 3.2.2 evacuation lighting lighting whose function is to guide tunnel users to evacuate the tunnel on foot in case
32、 of emergency circumstances such as fire 3.2.3 evacuation route marker light light used to guide pedestrians and delineate an evacuation route to an emergency exit 3.2.4 emergency exit lighting lighting to make emergency exits visible and identifiable 3.2.5 emergency exit marker light light used to
33、delineate the frame of an emergency exit 3.2.6 evacuation route lighting lighting provided to ensure that the means of evacuation can be identified and safely used when the location is occupied 3.2.7 duration of the evacuation mode time for which the required evacuation lighting performance is maint
34、ained 4 Lighting of specific areas under emergency circumstances 4.1 General In emergency circumstances, lighting covers two main functions: to provide guidance and visibility for drivers able to exit the tunnel in their vehicles (standby lighting); to provide guidance and visibility for people leav
35、ing their vehicles and evacuating the tunnel as pedestrians. All the lighting systems described in this section shall be supplied from an uninterruptible power supply, in order to guarantee continuity of lighting. In emergency circumstances, the duration of the evacuation mode shall be in accordance
36、 with national requirements. If a national standard does not exist, a duration of at least 30 min is to be realised, or otherwise in accordance with the results of a specific evacuation study. Inspection and testing of tunnel evacuation lighting systems shall be made in accordance with EN 50172, unl
37、ess existing national regulation states otherwise. 4.2 Driving task lighting 4.2.1 Carriageway For guidance on the appropriate carriageway lighting requirements to apply in the event of a breakdown of the normal power supply (standby lighting), reference should be made to CEN/CR 14380:2003, Clause 7
38、 or to national recommendations or standards. BS EN 16276:2013EN 16276:2013 (E) 9 4.2.2 Vehicular cross connections In emergency circumstances, the values of average maintained horizontal illuminance and uniformity of illuminance on a vehicular cross connection shall be at least equal to the values
39、on the carriageway in the interior zone of the main tunnel. 4.3 Pedestrian guidance 4.3.1 General When visibility is normal, the normal lighting or standby lighting of the main tunnel can be assumed to be adequate for this purpose. It has been observed that vehicle occupants tend to stay in their ve
40、hicles and are reluctant to leave at an early stage of an emergency. Specific systems instructing them to leave their vehicles are strongly recommended. 4.3.2 Evacuation route within the main tunnel In emergency circumstances, the main tunnel carriageway becomes a footway for fleeing pedestrians to
41、the emergency exits. In any emergency, as a complement to the normal lighting or standby lighting, and in particular in situations where visibility is impaired, evacuation route marker lights are requested to provide tunnel users with guidance to facilitate their evacuation of the tunnel on foot tow
42、ards the emergency exits. The evacuation route shall be clearly and unambiguously marked with evacuation route marker lights at a spacing not exceeding 25 m and not higher than 1,5 m above the carriageway level. This shall be done at least on one side of the tunnel where the emergency exits are situ
43、ated. Where there are three or more traffic lanes, consideration can be given to provide evacuation route marker lights on both sides of the tunnel, provided that clear direction is given towards emergency exits. At all times, evacuation route marker lights along the evacuation route shall be operat
44、ional, either to be illuminated in an emergency, or permanently illuminated. Where the markers are permanently illuminated, in order to limit disability glare to drivers, the intensity in the critical directions shall be limited. For that purpose, luminous intensities of each marker shall not exceed
45、 40 cd during normal conditions, in a cone of 2 15 with the axis formed by the drivers observation direction (see Figure 4). During evacuation circumstances, the markers intensity can be increased. To enhance the visibility in smoke, the minimum maintained luminous intensity of each marker, in all d
46、irections from which it could be seen by a fleeing pedestrian, shall be determined by their spacing. The minimum maintained luminous intensity shall be 0,1 cd for each meter of spacing between markers, with a minimum luminous intensity of 1 cd. EXAMPLE For a distance of 15 m between two markers, the
47、 minimum maintained luminous intensity is 1,5 cd. In case of tunnels wider than the spacing of markers, the minimum luminous intensity shall instead be determined by the tunnel width and not the marker spacing, using the same rule as before. BS EN 16276:2013EN 16276:2013 (E) 10 Key 1 markers 2 emerg
48、ency exit Figure 4 Limitation of intensities emitted towards driver (Plan view showing cone of limited intensities and markers) Visible flicker effect shall be avoided by following the requirements stated in CEN/CR 14380:2003, or in national recommendations or standards. Alternative methods of marki
49、ng the evacuation route in the main tunnel are acceptable if visibility under all conditions, including smoke, is equivalent to or better than the system described above. 4.3.3 Emergency exits 4.3.3.1 General Exits clearly identified by dedicated emergency exit lighting will help encourage vehicle occupants to leave their vehicles when necessary. There are two objectives: the first is to make the emergency exits adequately visible to familiarise users with their presence under normal conditions; the second is to highlight the emergency exits when needed
