1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 50505:2008Basic standard for the evaluation of human exposure to electromagnetic fields from equipment for resistance welding and allied processesICS 13.280; 25.160.30g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g5
2、1g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN 50505:2008This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2008 BSI 2008ISBN 978 0 580 57717 8National forewordThis British Standard is the
3、UK implementation of EN 50505:2008. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee WEE/29, Resistance welding.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary
4、 provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsEUROPEAN STANDARD EN 50505 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM April 2008 CENELEC Europ
5、ean Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels 2008 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for
6、 CENELEC members. Ref. No. EN 50505:2008 E ICS 25.160.30 English version Basic standard for the evaluation of human exposure to electromagnetic fields from equipment for resistance welding and allied processes Norme de base destine lvaluation de lexposition humaine aux champs lectromagntiques manant
7、 du matriel de soudage par rsistance et des techniques connexes Grundnorm fr die Bewertung der menschlichen Exposition gegenber elektromagnetischen Feldern von Einrichtungen zum Widerstands-schweien und fr verwandte Verfahren This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2008-03-01. CENELEC memb
8、ers are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on applicati
9、on to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat h
10、as the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherl
11、ands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. EN 50505:2008 - 2 - Foreword This European Standard was prepared by the Technical Committee CENELEC TC 26B, Electric resistance welding. The text of the draft was submitted to the formal v
12、ote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 50505 on 2008-03-01. The following dates were fixed: latest date by which the EN has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2009-03-01 latest date by which the national standards conflicting w
13、ith the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2011-03-01 This European Standard shall be read in conjunction with EN 50445. This European Standard has been prepared under mandates M/305 and M/351 given to CENELEC by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. _ BS EN 50505:2008- 3 - EN
14、50505:2008 Contents 1 Scope . 5 2 Normative references . 6 3 Definitions . 6 3.1 General . 6 3.2 Specific for resistance welding and similar applications 8 4 Physical quantities, units and constants .10 4.1 Quantities and units 10 4.2 Constants10 5 Assessment procedures 10 5.1 General .10 5.2 Resist
15、ance welding equipment EMF emission description 10 5.3 Assessment conditions .11 5.4 Averaging11 5.5 Pulsed or non-sinusoidal welding current .12 5.6 Conductivity of living tissue 18 5.7 Frequency range limitations .18 5.8 Application of assessment procedures .19 5.9 Measurements 21 5.10 Analytical
16、calculations 23 5.11 Numerical calculations 28 6 Uncertainty of assessment 30 6.1 Including uncertainty .30 6.2 Evaluation of uncertainties .31 6.3 Reasonable overall uncertainties .31 6.4 Examples of typical uncertainties .32 7 Assessment report .32 7.1 General principles .32 7.2 Items to be record
17、ed in the assessment report 33 Annex A (normative) Assessment parameters 34 Annex B (informative) Examples for exposure assessment 46 Annex C (informative) Numerical simulation using anatomical body models .59 Annex D (normative) Determination of coupling factor 63 Annex E (informative) Summation we
18、ighting and transfer function examples 65 Annex F (informative) Example for an uncertainty budget .70 Bibliography 71 Figures Figure 1 Example for parameters of a welding current sequence . 12 Figure 2 Average electrical conductivities for homogeneous body modelling from 10 Hz to 10 MHz 18 Figure 3
19、Double parallel conductor model 25 Figure 4 Rectangular conductor model 26 Figure A.1 Points of investigation for stationary welding equipment 35 Figure A.2 Point of investigation for portable hand-held welding equipment . 36 BS EN 50505:2008EN 50505:2008 - 4 - Figure A.3 Point of investigation for
20、suspended welding equipment . 37 Figure A.4 Point of investigation for a single side welding tool 38 Figure A.5 Point of investigation for a double side welding tool . 38 Figure A.6 Simulation geometry for stationary equipment . 40 Figure A.7 Simulation geometry A 41 Figure A.8 Simulation geometry B
21、 42 Figure A.9 Simulation geometry C . 43 Figure A.10 Simulation geometry for single side welding tool equipment 44 Figure A.11 3D models dimensions for spheroid and cylindrical models . 45 Figure B.1 Flux density waveform and r.m.s. spectral components for summation. 48 Figure B.2 Summation of rati
22、os Bi/ BL,iincluding phases in the time domain . 49 Figure B.3 Flux density waveform and r.m.s. spectral components for summation. 50 Figure B.4 Current density distribution on disk diameter for f = 50 Hz. 51 Figure B.5 Summation of ratios Ji/ JL,iincluding phases in the time domain . 52 Figure B.6
23、Welding current and measured field waveform 53 Figure B.7 Obtained flux density waveform and r.m.s. spectral components 55 Figure B.8 Summation of ratios Ji/ JL,iincluding phases in the time domain . 56 Figure B.9 J spectral components summation including phases in the time domain. 56 Figure B.10 Me
24、asurement sensor position. 57 Figure E.1 Peak reference level transfer function and tabulated values 66 Figure E.2 B summation weighting function and phase tabulated values 67 Figure E.3 Peak basic restriction transfer function and tabulated values 68 Figure E.4 J summation weighting function and ph
25、ase tabulated values 69 Tables Table 1 Permissible assessment procedures for resistance welding equipment 19 Table 2 Reasonable expanded assessment uncertainties . 31 Table B.1 Flux density spectral components 47 Table B.2 Flux density spectral components 48 Table B.3 Flux density spectral component
26、s 49 Table B.4 Flux density spectral components 50 Table B.5 Result of flux density spectral components summation . 50 Table B.6 Result of current density spectral components summation . 51 Table B.7 Result of spectral components summation 54 Table B.8 Flux density and induced current spectral compo
27、nents 55 Table C.1 Electrical conductivity of tissue types 61 Table F.1 Example uncertainty budget for broadband field measurement 70 BS EN 50505:2008- 5 - EN 50505:2008 1 Scope This European Standard applies to equipment for resistance welding and allied processes designed for use in industrial or
28、domestic environments. NOTE 1 Typical allied processes are resistance hard and soft soldering or resistance heating achieved by means comparable to resistance welding equipment. This European Standard establishes a suitable evaluation method for determining the electromagnetic fields in the space ar
29、ound the equipment and defines standardized operating conditions and measuring distances. It provides a method to show conformity with guidelines or requirements concerning human exposure to electromagnetic fields. The Directive 2006/95/EC of the European Parliament and the Council 1, Article 2, sti
30、pulates that the Member States take all appropriate measures to ensure that electrical equipment may be placed on the market only if, having been constructed in accordance with good engineering practice in safety matters in force in the Community, it does not endanger the safety of persons, domestic
31、 animals or property when properly installed and maintained and used in applications for which is was made. The principal elements of those safety objectives are listed in Annex I Clause 2.b. This standard may be used in conjunction with EN 50445 for demonstration of conformity to the Council Direct
32、ive with reference to human exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF). There are additional requirements covered by Article 2 and Annex I Clause 2.b, which are not included in this document. The Council Recommendation 1999/519/EC 2 provides Basic Restrictions and Derived reference levels for exposure
33、 of the general public. This standard may be used for demonstration of resistance welding equipment conformity to the Council Recommendation on this basis, but there may be additional specific national or international requirements which are not included. The ICNIRP Guidelines 3, on limits of exposu
34、re to static magnetic fields as well as for limiting exposure in time varying electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields, provide Basic restrictions and Derived reference levels for both occupational and general exposure. This standard may be used for demonstration of equipment conformity to ICNI
35、RP Guidelines on this basis, but there may be additional national or international requirements which are not included. It is also possible to use this document as a basis to demonstrate conformity of resistance welding equipment to other national and international guidelines or requirements with re
36、gard to human exposure from EMF, for example Council Directive 2004/40/EC 4 on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risk arising from physical agents (electromagnetic fields), or the requirements of the Directive 98/37/EC 5. In these cases, other restri
37、ctions and levels than those referenced above may be used. Other standards may apply to equipment covered by this standard. In particular this standard can not be used to demonstrate electromagnetic compatibility with other equipment; nor does it specify any product safety requirements other than th
38、ose specifically related to human exposure to electromagnetic fields. The frequency range covered is 0 Hz to 300 GHz. NOTE 2 Procedures to demonstrate conformity are not specified for the whole frequency range. BS EN 50505:2008EN 50505:2008 - 6 - 2 Normative references The following referenced docum
39、ents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 50392 2004 Generic standard to demonstrate the compliance of electronic and
40、electrical apparatus with the basic restrictions related to human exposure to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz 300 GHz) EN 50445 2008 Product family standard to demonstrate compliance of equipment for resistance welding, arc welding and allied processes with the basic restrictions related to human expos
41、ure to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz 300 GHz) EN 61566 1997 Measurement of exposure to radio-frequency electromagnetic fields Field strength in the frequency range 100 kHz to 1 GHz (IEC 61566:1997) EN 62226-1 2005 Exposure to electric or magnetic fields in the low and intermediate frequency range Met
42、hods for calculating the current density and internal electric field induced in the human body Part 1: General (IEC 62226-1:2004) EN 62226-2-1 2005 Exposure to electric or magnetic fields in the low and intermediate frequency range Methods for calculating the current density and internal electric fi
43、eld induced in the human body Part 2-1: Exposure to magnetic fields 2D models (IEC 62226-2-1:2004) EN ISO/IEC 17025 2005 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories (ISO/IEC 17025:2005) IEC 61786 1998 Measurement of low-frequency magnetic and electric fields with
44、regard to exposure of human beings Special requirements for instruments and guidance for measurements ISO 669 2000 Resistance welding Resistance welding equipment Mechanical and electrical requirements 3 Definitions 3.1 General For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions a
45、pply. 3.1.1 averaging time (tavg) appropriate time over which exposure is averaged for purposes of determining conformity 3.1.2 basic restrictions restrictions on exposure to electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields that are based directly on established health effects and biological considerat
46、ions 3.1.3 compliance boundary spatial border outside which any point of investigation is deemed to be compliant 3.1.4 conductivity () ratio of the conduction current density in a medium to the electric field strength BS EN 50505:2008- 7 - EN 50505:2008 3.1.5 contact current current flowing into the
47、 body by touching a conductive object in an electromagnetic field 3.1.6 coupling factor (K) used to enable exposure assessment for complex exposure situations, such as non-uniform magnetic field or perturbed electric field NOTE The coupling factor K has different physical interpretations depending o
48、n whether it relates to electric or magnetic field exposure. The value of the coupling factor K depends on the model used for the field source and the model used for the human body. 3.1.7 effective reference level (BL,eff) level, provided for practical exposure assessment purposes using a broadband
49、measurement, derived from frequency dependent reference levels considering the spectral content of the field 3.1.8 EMF electric, magnetic or electromagnetic field 3.1.9 exposure situation that occurs when a person is subjected to electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields or to contact current other than those originating from physiological processes in the body and other natural phenomena 3.1.10 exposure level value of the quantity evaluated
