1、 ETSI TR 102 993 V1.1.1 (2011-02)Technical Report Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB);Upper Layer FEC for DVB SystemsETSI ETSI TR 102 993 V1.1.1 (2011-02)2Reference DTR/JTC-DVB-285 Keywords application layer, DVB, FEC, upper layer ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.
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8、102 993 V1.1.1 (2011-02)3Contents Intellectual Property Rights 6g3Foreword . 6g31 Scope 7g32 References 7g32.1 Normative references . 7g32.2 Informative references 7g33 Abbreviations . 11g34 Introduction 13g34.1 Why upper layer FEC? . 13g34.2 Definition of upper layer FEC 15g35 Use case upper layer
9、FEC 15g35.1 Unidirectional File Delivery . 15g35.2 Streaming TV Services . 17g35.3 Streaming Layered Error Protection . 18g35.3.1 Support of heterogeneous devices and conditional access 18g35.3.2 Extended service coverage and graceful degradation behaviour 19g35.3.3 Layered Error Protection 19g35.4
10、Mobile Data Services over Satellite . 20g36 DVB specifications including Upper Layer FEC . 21g36.1 Introduction 21g36.2 MPE-FEC . 21g36.3 MPE-IFEC 22g36.4 Link Layer FEC in DVB RCS+M 22g36.5 AL-FEC in IPDC for File Delivery 23g36.6 AL-FEC in DVB-IPTV for Streaming . 23g36.7 AL-FEC in DVB-IPTV for Co
11、ntent Download Services . 24g37 FEC codes for Upper Layer FEC . 25g37.1 Metrics for UL-FEC codes . 25g37.1.1 Reception overhead and failure probability 25g37.1.2 Encoding and decoding memory requirements . 25g37.1.3 Encoding and decoding speeds . 25g37.1.4 Sensitivity to packet loss . 25g37.1.5 Rang
12、e of applicable source blocks 25g37.2 Performance Ideal Code . 25g37.3 Reed-Solomon Codes . 26g37.3.1 Overview 26g37.3.2 Specification . 26g37.3.3 Memory Requirements . 26g37.3.4 Additional Information . 27g37.4 Raptor Codes 27g37.4.1 Overview 27g37.4.2 Specification . 28g37.4.3 Memory Requirements
13、. 28g37.4.4 Additional Information . 28g37.5 Comparison of Codes . 29g38 Basic Design Considerations 29g38.1 UL-FEC Database 29g38.1.1 Exogenous Aspects . 29g38.1.2 Internal aspects . 31g38.1.2.1 Advantages/drawbacks analysis 31g38.1.2.2 Features . 33g3ETSI ETSI TR 102 993 V1.1.1 (2011-02)48.1.2.3 U
14、L-FEC Design 35g38.1.2.4 Other Considerations . 37g38.2 UL-FEC Cookbook 37g39 Summary 40g39.1 Main outcomes . 40g39.2 Known limitations 41g39.3 Potential future work for DVB on Upper Layer FEC . 42g39.3.1 Software-based FEC using Reed-Solomon codes . 42g39.3.2 Layer-Aware FEC for SVC 42g39.3.3 MPE-I
15、FEC for other Systems (DVB-H, DVB-T2, DVB-NGH). 43g3Annex A: Details on Reed-Solomon and Raptor Codes 45g3A.1 Reed-Solomon Codes . 45g3A.1.1 Code Performance 45g3A.1.1.1 Symbol-level RS Codes 45g3A.1.1.2 Binary RS Codes . 45g3A.1.2 Complexity . 46g3A.1.2.1 Working in finite fields on hard informatio
16、n based decoding 46g3A.1.2.2 Working in non finite fields on soft Information base decoding 46g3A.1.2.3 Software decoding 46g3A.1.3 Decoding Algorithms . 47g3A.1.3.1 Symbol-Level Approach . 47g3A.1.3.2 Bit Level Approach . 47g3A.2 Raptor Codes 48g3A.2.1 Code Performance 48g3A.2.2 Complexity . 49g3A.
17、2.3 Decoding Algorithms . 49g3Annex B: Detailed Examples of Upper Layer FEC 52g3B.1 MPE-FEC for DVB-H Streaming Services 52g3B.1.1 Concept 52g3B.1.2 Implementation . 53g3B.2 AL-FEC for DVB-H File Delivery Services 54g3B.2.1 Concept 54g3B.2.2 FLUTE . 55g3B.3 MPE-IFEC for DVB-SH Streaming Services 56g
18、3B.3.1 Concept 56g3B.3.2 MPE-IFEC Reed-Solomon Approach 58g3B.3.3 MPE-IFEC Raptor Coding Approach. 59g3B.3.4 Fast Zapping Techniques 59g3B.4 Multi-Burst FEC Protection for DVB-H Streaming Services 62g3B.5 MPE-FEC/MPE-IFEC in DVB-H/SH for Layered Streaming Transmission 62g3B.5.1 Overview 62g3B.5.2 MP
19、E-FEC for Layered Transmission in DVB-H/SH . 63g3B.5.3 MPE-IFEC for Layered Transmission in DVB-H/SH 63g3B.6 DVB-RCS+M for Mobile Satellite Data Services 64g3B.6.1 Overview 64g3B.6.2 FEC Architectures 64g3B.6.2.1 LL-FEC per-Mobile Terminal 64g3B.6.2.2 LL-FEC Per-MODCOD . 65g3Annex C: Illustrative Pe
20、rformance Evaluation Examples for Upper Layer FEC . 66g3C.1 Synthesis . 66g3C.2 SVC Layered Transmission in Terrestrial Context (DVB-H) 66g3C.2.1 SVC Layered Transmission in Terrestrial Context (DVB-H) using Intra-Burst FEC (MPE-FEC) 68g3ETSI ETSI TR 102 993 V1.1.1 (2011-02)5C.2.2 SVC Layered Transm
21、ission in Terrestrial Context (DVB-H) using Intra-Burst FEC and Layer-Aware FEC (LA-FEC) . 70g3C.2.3 SVC Layered Transmission in Terrestrial Context (DVB-H) using Inter-Burst FEC (MPE-iFEC) 72g3C.2.4 Layered Transmission in Terrestrial Context (DVB-H) using Inter-Burst FEC (MPE-iFEC) and Layer-Aware
22、 FEC . 77g3C.3 SVC Layered Transmission in Satellite Context (DVB-SH) . 81g3Annex D: Possible Integration of the Layer-Aware Approach in the DVB toolbox 84g3D.1 Integration in the CDP toolbox 84g3D.2 Integration in the MPE-IFEC toolbox 87g3Annex E: Bibliography 88g3History 89g3ETSI ETSI TR 102 993 V
23、1.1.1 (2011-02)6Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intel
24、lectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no invest
25、igation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report
26、(TR) has been produced by Joint Technical Committee (JTC) Broadcast of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), Comit Europen de Normalisation ELECtrotechnique (CENELEC) and the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). NOTE: The EBU/ETSI JTC Broadcast was established in 1990 to co-ordin
27、ate the drafting of standards in the specific field of broadcasting and related fields. Since 1995 the JTC Broadcast became a tripartite body by including in the Memorandum of Understanding also CENELEC, which is responsible for the standardization of radio and television receivers. The EBU is a pro
28、fessional association of broadcasting organizations whose work includes the co-ordination of its members activities in the technical, legal, programme-making and programme-exchange domains. The EBU has active members in about 60 countries in the European broadcasting area; its headquarters is in Gen
29、eva. European Broadcasting Union CH-1218 GRAND SACONNEX (Geneva) Switzerland Tel: +41 22 717 21 11 Fax: +41 22 717 24 81 The Digital Video Broadcasting Project (DVB) is an industry-led consortium of broadcasters, manufacturers, network operators, software developers, regulatory bodies, content owner
30、s and others committed to designing global standards for the delivery of digital television and data services. DVB fosters market driven solutions that meet the needs and economic circumstances of broadcast industry stakeholders and consumers. DVB standards cover all aspects of digital television fr
31、om transmission through interfacing, conditional access and interactivity for digital video, audio and data. The consortium came together in 1993 to provide global standardisation, interoperability and future proof specifications. ETSI ETSI TR 102 993 V1.1.1 (2011-02)71 Scope The present document pr
32、ovides a review of the upper-layer FEC techniques used within the DVB specifications and gives engineering rules for subsequent development. The present document is structured as follows: Clause 2 gives the list of informative references. Clause 3 lists abbreviations used in the present document. Cl
33、ause 4 gives a general introduction to the upper layer FEC and their role within DVB set of specifications. Clause 5 describes the reference uses cases of upper layer FEC. Clause 6 lists all existing DVB upper layer FEC specifications currently in use. Clause 7 highlights the performance measures fo
34、r upper layer FEC codes and provides an overview of the Reed-Solomon and Raptor codes in use within DVB. Clause 8 gives “engineering rules“ for designing new upper layer FEC schemes. Clause 9 summarizes the present document and provides insights into possible future work on UL-FEC. Annex A provides
35、detailed information on Reed-Solomon and Raptor performance and decoding algorithms. Annex B provides detailed examples of usage of UL-FEC codes within DVB. Annex C provides illustrative performance evaluation results for some UL-FEC codes. Annex D shows how the Layer-Aware FEC approach could be int
36、egrated into the DVB toolbox. Annex E provides bibliographical references. 2 References References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, th
37、e latest version of the reference document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at http:/docbox.etsi.org/Reference. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of pu
38、blication ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. 2.1 Normative references The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document. Not applicable. 2.2 Informative references The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the
39、present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. i.1 IETF RFC 793: “Transmission Control Protocol“. ETSI ETSI TR 102 993 V1.1.1 (2011-02)8i.2 ITU-T Recommendation H.264/ISO/IEC 14496 10, (2008): “Information technology Coding of audio visual objects - Part 10: Adva
40、nced Video Coding“. i.3 ETSI TS 101 154: “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Specification for the use of Video and Audio Coding in Broadcasting Applications based on the MPEG-2 Transport Stream“. i.4 ETSI TS 102 005: “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Specification for the use of Video and Audio Cod
41、ing in DVB services Delivered Directly over IP Protocols“. i.5 ETSI EN 300 421:“Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Framing Structure, Channel Coding and Modulation for 11/12 GHz Satellite Services“. i.6 ETSI EN 301 790: “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Interaction Channel for Satellite Distribution
42、 Systems“. i.7 ETSI EN 302 307: “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Second generation framing structure, channel coding and modulation systems for Broadcasting, Interactive Services, News Gathering and other broadband satellite applications (DVB-S2)“. i.8 ETSI EN 301 192: “Digital Video Broadcasting
43、(DVB); DVB specification for data broadcasting“. i.9 ETSI EN 302 304: “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Transmission System for Handheld Terminals (DVB-H)“. i.10 ETSI TS 102 585: “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); System Specifications for Satellite services to Handheld devices (SH) below 3 GHz“. i
44、.11 ETSI TS 102 584: “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); DVB-SH implementation Guidelines“. i.12 ETSI TS 102 772: Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Specification of Multi-Protocol Encapsulation - inter-burst Forward Error Correction (MPE-iFEC); MPE IFEC“Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Specification
45、 of Multi-Protocol Encapsulation - inter-burst Forward Error Correction (MPE-iFEC)“. i.13 ETSI TS 102 472 (V.1.3.1): “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); IP Datacast over DVB-H: Content Delivery Protocols“. i.14 ETSI TR 101 790 (V.1.3.1): “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Interaction channel for Sate
46、llite Distribution Systems; Guidelines for the use of EN 301 790“. i.15 ETSI TS 126 346: “Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS); Protocols and codecs (3GPP TS 26.346, Release 6)“. i.16 IETF RFC 3695: “Compact Forward Error Correction (FEC) S
47、chemes“. i.17 ETSI TS 102 591-2: “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); IP Datacast: Content Delivery Protocols (CDP) Implementation Guidelines; Part 2: IP Datacast over DVB-SH“. i.18 IETF RFC 3926: “FLUTE - File Delivery over Unidirectional Transport“. i.19 ETSI TS 102 591-1: “Digital Video Broadcastin
48、g (DVB); IP Datacast: Content Delivery Protocols (CDP) Implementation Guidelines; Part 1: IP Datacast over DVB-H“. i.20 ETSI TS 102 034: “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Transport of MPEG-2 TS based DVB Services over IP based Networks“. i.21 SMPTE Specification 2022-1: “Forward Error Correction fo
49、r Real-time Video/Audio Transport over IP Networks“. i.22 ATIS/IIF. NOTE: Available at http:/www.atis.org/IIF/index.asp. i.23 ETSI TISPAN. NOTE: Available at http:/www.etsi.org/tispan/. ETSI ETSI TR 102 993 V1.1.1 (2011-02)9i.24 ITU-T IPTV Focus group proceedings. NOTE: Available at http:/www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-t/opb/proc/T-PROC-IPTVFG-2008-PDF-E.pdf. i.25 Open IPTV Forum Technology Choices. NOTE: Available at: http:/www.openiptvforum.org/docs/Release1/Release1_1/OIPF-T1-R1-Specification-Vol
