1、IAMSAR ManualINTERNATIONAL AERONAUTICAL ANDMARITIME SEARCH AND RESCUE MANUALVolume IIMISSION CO-ORDINATION2008 Editionincorporating 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,2005, 2006 and 2007 amendmentsIMO/ICAOLondon/Montral, 2008Doc 9731-AN/958Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS unde
2、r license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-IAMSAR ManualINTERNATIONAL AERONAUTICAL ANDMARITIME SEARCH AND RESCUE MANUALVolume IIMISSION CO-ORDINATION2008 Editionincorporating 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,2005, 2006 and 2007 amendmentsIMO/ICAOLondo
3、n/Montral, 2008Doc 9731-AN/958Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Published jointly in 2008 by the INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION 4 Albert Embankment, London
4、 SE1 7SR, United Kingdom and the INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION 999 University Street, Montral, Quebec, Canada H3C 5H7 First edition 1999 Second edition 2006 Third edition 2007 Fourth Edition 2008 This edition printed in Canada by ICAO ISBN 978-92-9231-284-8 ICAO PUBLICATION ICAO sales nu
5、mber: 9731P2 Copyright IMO/ICAO 2008 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, without prior permission in writing from the International Maritime Organization or the International Civil Aviation Organ
6、ization. Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ForewordThe primary purpose of the three volumes of the International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue Man
7、ual isto assist States in meeting their own search and rescue (SAR) needs, and the obligations they accepted under theConvention on International Civil Aviation, the International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue, and theInternational Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS). These v
8、olumes provide guidelines for a common aviationand maritime approach to organizing and providing SAR services. States are encouraged to develop and improve theirSAR services, co-operate with neighbouring States, and to consider their SAR services to be part of a global SAR system.Each IAMSAR Manual
9、volume is written with specific SAR system duties in mind, and can be used as a stand-alonedocument, or, in conjunction with the other two Volumes, as a means to attain a full view of the SAR system.The Organization and Management volume (volume I) discusses the global SAR system concept, establishm
10、ent andimprovement of national and regional SAR systems, and co-operation with neighbouring States to provide effectiveand economical SAR services;The Mission Co-ordination volume (volume II) assists personnel who plan and co-ordinate SAR operations andexercises; andThe Mobile Facilities volume (vol
11、ume III) is intended to be carried aboard rescue units, aircraft, and vessels to helpwith performance of a search, rescue, or on-scene co-ordinator functions, and with aspects of SAR that pertain totheir own emergencies.This Manual is published jointly by the International Civil Aviation Organizatio
12、n and the International MaritimeOrganization. It has been updated from earlier editions by including the amendments that were adopted by theseventy-fourth session of the IMO Maritime Safety Committee in June 2001 (which entered into force on1 July 2002), by the seventy-fifth session in May 2002 (whi
13、ch entered into force on 1 July 2003), by the seventy-seventh session in June 2003 (which entered into force on 1 July 2004), by the seventy-eighth session in May 2004(which entered into force on 1 July 2005), by the eightieth session in May 2005 (which entered into force on 1 June2006), by the eigh
14、ty-first session in May 2006 (which entered into force on 1 June 2007) and by the eighty-thirdsession in October 2007 (which apply as from 1 June 2008).Mission Co-ordinationChapter 1 presents an overview of the SAR system concept, including what is involved in providing SAR services,and why such ser
15、vices are required and beneficial. The SAR system is examined from a global, regional, and nationalperspective. Key components of the SAR system, such as rescue co-ordination centres (RCCs), operational andsupport facilities and the on-scene co-ordinator (OSC), are discussed.Chapter 2 focuses primar
16、ily on SAR communications topics. These include distress communications, emergencybeacons, communications for SAR operations and a variety of communications and safety systems related to or usedby the SAR system.Chapter 3 introduces the five stages through which responses to SAR incidents typically
17、progress, describes the threeemergency phases (Uncertainty, Alert, and Distress) and the first two stages (Awareness and Initial Action) in detail,and provides additional valuable guidance for the early stages of a SAR incident.Chapter 4 contains a detailed discussion of the theory and practice of s
18、earch planning. It presents a complete yetpractical application of search theory to the SAR search planning problem. It provides guidance for balancing theconflicting goals of covering large areas with limited facilities or using those facilities to achieve high probabilities ofdetection in small ar
19、eas. The procedures outlined allow the search planner to determine the optimal area to searchso that the chances of success are maximized.Chapter 5 discusses search techniques and operations, including search facility selection, assessment of searchconditions, search pattern selection for visual, el
20、ectronic, night and land searches, search sub-area assignments,standard methods for designating and describing search sub-areas, planning of on-scene co-ordination, and finallycompiling all this data into an attainable search action plan.iiiCopyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provide
21、d by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Chapter 6 describes aspects of rescue planning and operations such as logistics, modes of rescue, care anddebriefing of survivors, handling of deceased persons, and certain special requ
22、irements involving aircraft crash sites.Chapter 7 contains guidance for emergency assistance other than SAR in which the SAR system may becomeinvolved.Chapter 8 discusses the orderly conclusion of SAR operations. The topics covered include closing of SAR cases,suspending search operations, reopening
23、 a suspended SAR case, completing final reports, conducting performanceimprovement reviews and case studies, and archiving SAR case files.An extensive set of appendices is provided. These contain useful information, forms, checklists, step-by-stepprocedures, worksheets, and tables and graphs appropr
24、iate for daily use by RCC staff.ivForewordCopyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ContentsAbbreviations and Acronyms ixGlossary . xvChapter 1 The Search and Rescue Sy
25、stem1.1 System Organization 1-11.2 SAR Co-ordination. 1-11.3 SAR Resources 1-41.4 Medical Assistance to Vessels 1-51.5 Plans of Operation 1-61.6 SAR Operations Stages 1-61.7 Mission Documentation. 1-81.8 Training and Exercises 1-91.9 Improving Professionalism 1-131.10 Public Relations. 1-131.11 Comp
26、uter Resources . 1-161.12 Decision and Management Support . 1-17Chapter 2 Communications2.1 Distress Communications. 2-12.2 Aeronautical Mobile Service. 2-12.3 Maritime Radio Service 2-32.4 Modes of Emission 2-32.5 Global Maritime Distress and Safety System. 2-32.6 EPIRBs and ELTs 2-52.7 Satellite C
27、ommunications. 2-62.8 VesselAircraft Communications 2-72.9 Survival and Emergency Radio Equipment 2-82.10 Cellular Telephones . 2-82.11 Special Circumstances . 2-102.12 Communications for SAR Operations. 2-102.13 Communication Equipment Identities . 2-102.14 False Alerts 2-102.15 SAR Data Providers
28、. 2-112.16 RCC and RSC Communications . 2-112.17 Maritime Radio Telex. 2-122.18 Inmarsat SafetyNET 2-132.19 Radio Telegraph 2-132.20 Phonetic Alphabet and Figure Code. 2-14vCopyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or net
29、working permitted without license from IHS-,-,-2.21 Spoken Emergency Signals and Procedural Words 2-142.22 On-scene Communications 2-142.23 Electronic Positioning. 2-152.24 Codes, Signals, and Standard Phrases. 2-152.25 First RCC. 2-162.26 SAR Operations Communications 2-162.27 SAR Operations Messag
30、es. 2-172.28 GMDSS Master Plan 2-202.29 Supplemental Capabilities 2-202.30 Difficulties in Contacting Vessels 2-202.31 Unbarring of Inmarsat SESs by RCCs 2-212.32 Radio call signs for aircraft involved in a search and rescue operation. 2-21Chapter 3 Awareness and Initial Action3.1 General. 3-13.2 SA
31、R Stages 3-13.3 Emergency Phases. 3-23.4 Awareness Stage . 3-33.5 Initial Action Stage. 3-53.6 Designation of the RCC or RSC Responsible for Initiating SAR Action . 3-83.7 RCC Procedures for Requesting SAR Facilities 3-103.8 General Considerations for the SMC 3-10Chapter 4 Search Planning and Evalua
32、tion Concepts4.1 Overview 4-14.2 Evaluating the Situation 4-14.3 Estimating the Distress Incident Location 4-34.4 Survivor Motion After the Distress Incident. 4-64.5 Total Probable Error of Position 4-104.6 Search Planning and Evaluation Factors 4-114.7 Optimal Search Effort Allocation 4-214.8 Compu
33、ter-based Search Planning Aids 4-35Chapter 5 Search Techniques and Operations5.1 Overview 5-15.2 Selection of Search Facilities 5-15.3 Assessing Search Conditions 5-15.4 Selecting Search Patterns. 5-45.5 Visual Search Patterns 5-65.6 Electronic Search Patterns 5-145.7 Night Search Patterns 5-17viCon
34、tentsCopyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-5.8 Land Search Patterns . 5-205.9 Search Object Motion . 5-215.10 Assignment of Search Sub-Areas to Individual Facilitie
35、s . 5-245.11 Designation and Description of Search Sub-Areas. 5-275.12 Planning On-Scene Co-ordination. 5-295.13 Search Action Plans. 5-305.14 Conduct of the Search. 5-315.15 Briefings 5-315.16 Aircraft Search Procedures. 5-325.17 Surface Facility Search Procedures . 5-335.18 Search by Land Faciliti
36、es 5-335.19 Debriefing of Search Personnel 5-335.20 Continuation of Search 5-33Chapter 6 Rescue Planning and Operations6.1 General. 6-16.2 Sighting and Subsequent Procedures 6-26.3 Delivery of Rescue Personnel and Equipment. 6-26.4 Supplies and Survival Equipment 6-36.5 Supply Dropping . 6-46.6 Medi
37、cal Personnel. 6-56.7 Rescue by Aircraft . 6-56.8 Rescue by Maritime Facilities . 6-66.9 Rescue by Land Facilities . 6-76.10 Use of Pararescue Teams. 6-76.11 Special Requirements at Aircraft Crash Sites . 6-86.12 Ditching Assistance 6-86.13 Rescue of Persons from Inside Damaged, Capsized, or Ditched
38、 Craft 6-96.14 Underwater Search and Rescue . 6-136.15 Mass Rescue Operations . 6-146.16 Care of Survivors. 6-216.17 Debriefing of Survivors. 6-226.18 Handling of Deceased Persons. 6-226.19 Critical Incident Stress 6-236.20 Termination of Rescue. 6-24Chapter 7 Emergency Assistance other than Search
39、and Rescue7.1 General. 7-17.2 Intercept and Escort Services 7-17.3 Safety Information . 7-3viiContentsCopyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-7.4 Unlawful Acts 7-37.5
40、 Search and Rescue Outside of RCC Responsible Areas. 7-37.6 Assistance to Property . 7-37.7 Aerodrome Emergency Plan. 7-4Chapter 8 Conclusion of SAR Operations8.1 General. 8-18.2 Closing a SAR Case. 8-18.3 Suspending Search Operations. 8-18.4 Reopening a Suspended Case 8-28.5 Final Reports . 8-38.6
41、Performance Improvement. 8-38.7 Case Studies 8-38.8 Archiving Case Files. 8-48.9 Incident Debriefings. 8-4AppendicesAppendix A Distress CommunicationsAppendix B Message FormatsAppendix C Mass Rescue Operations: Exercises; Industry Roles and Incident ManagementAppendix D Uncertainty Phase DataAppendi
42、x E Alert Phase DataAppendix F Distress Phase ChecklistAppendix G Facilities and Equipment SelectionAppendix H Operation Briefing and Tasking FormsAppendix I SITREPs and CodesAppendix J InterceptsAppendix K Determining DatumAppendix L Search Planning and Evaluation WorksheetsAppendix M Preparing Ini
43、tial Probability MapsAppendix N Tables and GraphsAppendix O Ship Reporting Systems for SARAppendix P Functional Characteristics to Consider with Computer-based Search Planning AidsAppendix Q Sample ProblemIndexviiiContentsCopyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under lice
44、nse with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Abbreviations and AcronymsA search areaA/C . aircraftACC .area control centreACOaircraft co-ordinatorAES aeronautical earth stationAFN aeronautical fixed networkAFTNaeronautical fixed telecommunications n
45、etworkAIP .Aeronautical Information PublicationAIS aeronautical information servicesAM .amplitude modulationAMS.aeronautical mobile serviceAMS(R)S. aeronautical mobile satellite (route) serviceAMSS aeronautical mobile satellite serviceAmverautomated mutual-assistance vessel rescueANC.Air Navigation
46、CommissionARCC . aeronautical rescue co-ordination centreARSC.aeronautical rescue sub-centreASW average surface windASWeaverage surface wind errorASWDVedrift velocity error due to ASWeATC .air traffic controlATN .aeronautical telecommunications networkATS air traffic servicesC coverage factorC/C .ca
47、bin cruiserCES coast earth stationCIRM Centro Internazionale Radio-MedicoCospas.Space System for Search of Vessels in DistressCRS coast radio stationC/S call signCS creeping line searchCSC .creeping line search, co-ordinatedCSP . commence search pointCW continuous waveD total driftDetotal drift errorDD (leeway) divergence distanceixCopyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduct
