1、soeeiiii 3fi*gp0 lyQ RljuDjijQmc3(3 fecF uDpQaGQ(jDg NDB 0 0 0 0 1 iE? 0)00 SSRS( aasDgll (S3EQlBBsa)=aaS0 0 0 0 0 OOfistHiElMiHl (8s;ffl Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license f
2、rom IHS-,-,-Doc 9911 :o Recommended Method for Computing Noise Contours Around Airports Approved by the Secretary General and published under his authority First Edition 2008 International Civil Aviation Organization Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license w
3、ith ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Published in separate English, Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian and Spanish editions by the INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION 999 University Street, Montr6al, Quebec, Canada H3C 5H7 For ordering inform
4、ation and for a complete listing of sales agents and booksellers, please go to the ICAO website at www.icao.int First edition 2008 ICAO Doc 9911, Recommended Method for Computing Noise Contours Around Airports Order Number: 9911 ISBN 978-92-9231-225-1 ICAO 2008 All rights reserved. No part of this p
5、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, without prior permission in writing from the International Civil Aviation Organization. Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo r
6、eproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-AMENDMENTS Amendments are announced in the supplements to the Catalogue of ICAO Publications; the Catalogue and its supplements are available on the ICAO website at www.icao.inL The space below is provided to keep a record of such amen
7、dments. RECORD OF AMENDMENTS AND CORRIGENDA AMENDMENTS No. Date Entered by CORRIGENDA No. Dale Entered by (Hi) Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TABLE OF CONTEN
8、TS Page Foreword (vii) Explanation of tenns and symbols (ix) Chapter 1. General 1-1 1.1 Introduction1.2 Outline 1-2 Chapter 2. Summary and applicability of method 2-1 2.1 Introduction 2-2.2 The concept of segmentation 2-2.3 Flight paths: tracks and profiles 2 2.4 Aircraft noise and performance datab
9、ase 2-3 2.5 Airport and aeroplane operations2.6 The International Aircraft Noise and Performance (ANP) Database 2-5 Chapter 3. Description of the flight path 3-1 3.1 Introduction 3-3.2 Relationships between flight path and flight configuration 3-1 3.3 Sources of flight path data 3-2 3.4 Coordinate s
10、ystems 3 3.5 Ground tracks 3-5 3.6 Flight profiles 7 3.7 Constructionof flight path segments 3-8 Chapter 4. Noise calculation for a single event 4-1 4.1 Introduction 4-4.2 Single event metrics4.3 Determinationof event levels from NPDdata 4-2 4.4 General expressions 3 4.5 Flight path segment paramete
11、rs 4-4 4.6 Segment event level correction terms 5 Chapter 5. Calculation of cumulative levels 5-1 5.1 Introduction 5-5.2 Weighted equivalent sound levels 5-5.3 The weighted number of operations 2 5.4 Estimation of cumulative maximum level based metrics 5- 5.5 The use of level distributions for maxim
12、um level metrics S4 (V) Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-(vi) Recommended Method for Computing Noise Contours Around Airports Page Chapters. Calculation of noi
13、se contours 6-1 6.1 Standard grid calculation and refinement6.2 Use of rotated grids 6-6.3 Tracing of contours 2 6.4 Post-processing 4 Appendix A. Noise indices in use in ICAO Contracting States App A-1 Appendix B. Approximate methods for determining effective perceived noise level (EPNL) App B-1 Ap
14、pendix C. Flight performance calculations AppC-Appendix D. Modelling of lateral ground track spreading App D-1 Appendix E. Recalculation of noise-power-distance (NPD) data for non-reference conditions App E-1 Appendix F. The finite segment correction App F-1 Appendix G. Maximum level of noise metric
15、s p G-1 Appendix H. The International Aircraft Noise and Performance (ANP) Database App H-1 References Ref.-I Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-FOREWORD This ma
16、nual on Recommended Method for Computing Noise Contours Around Airports Doc 9911) replaces similar matenal contained in Recommended Method for Computing Noise Contours Around Airports (Circular 205), which was approved by the ICAO Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection (CAEP) at its first me
17、eting in 1986 This first edition of Doc 9911 contains matenal developed by CAEP with the assistance of aviation stakeholders, including regulatory authonties, air traffic management providers, airpori operators, manufacturers, airline associations and airlines, as well as the ICAO Secretanat It was
18、approved by CAEP at its seventh meeting in Febmary 2007 This manual is intended to assist States in the computation of noise contours around airports, using the most up-to-date procedures and the most recent aircraft noise and performance information available It descnbes the major aspects of the ca
19、lculation of noise contours for air traffic at an airport including three different ways m which most practical noise models calculate aeroplane single event noise levels This new manual is an important advance on the previous Circular in Uiat it is linked to an international aircraft noise and perf
20、ormance (ANP) database which is accessible online at http /www aircraftnoisemodel org The methodology descnbed in the manual is designed to make full use of this data source, which has been assembled over many years by aircraft manufacturers in collaboration with noise certification authorities and
21、is fully endorsed by ICAO It IS intended that this manual be kept up to date Future editions will be improved on the basis of work by CAEP and of comments and suggestions received from the users of the manual Users are therefore invited to give their views, comments and suggestions on this edition,
22、which should be directed to the Secretary General of ICAO The Secretary General Intemational Civil Aviation Organization 999 University Street Montreal, Quebec CANADA H3C 5H7 (VI,) Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproductio
23、n or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-EXPLANATION OF TERMS AND SYMBOLS DEFINITION OF TERMS Note In keeping with established practice in the Field of aeroplane noise modelling, the units of measurement used in this document do not necessarily accord with the recommendations of ICAO A
24、nnex 5 Units of Measurement to be Used in Air and Ground Operations When the following terms are used in this document, they have the following meanings AlP. Aeronautical Infomiation Publication Aeroplane configuration. The positions of slats, flaps and landing gear Aeroplane movement. An arnval, de
25、parture or other aeroplane action that aftects noise exposure around an aerodrome Aeroplane noise and performance data. Data descnbmg the acoustic and perfonnance charactenstics of different aeroplanes types that are required by the modelling process They include noise-power-distance (NPD) relations
26、hips and infonnation that allows engine thrust/power to be calculated as a function of the fJight configuration The data are usually supplied by the aeroplane manufacturer although when that is not possible it is sometimes obtained from other sources When no data are available, it is usual to repres
27、ent the aeroplane concemed by adapting data for a suitably similar aeroplane - this is referred to as substitution Altitude. Height above mean sea level ANP database. The international aircraft noise and performance database www aircraftnoisemodel org A-weighted sound level, LA. Basic sound/noise le
28、vel scale used for measunng environmental noise including that from aeroplanes and on which most noise contour metnos are based Backbone ground track. A representative or nominal ground track which defines the centre of a swathe of tracks Baseline noise event level. The noise event level read from a
29、n noise-power-distance (NPD) database Brake release Start-of-roll Corrected net thrust. At a given power setting (e g EPR or N1) net thrust falls with air density and thus with increasing aeroplane altitude, corrected net thnjst is the value at sea level Cumulative sound/noise level. A decibel measu
30、re of the noise received over a specified penod of time, at a point near an airport, from aeroplane traffic using normal operating conditions and flight paths It is calculated by accumulating the event sound/noise levels occurnng at that point Decibel sum or average Sometimes referred to elsewhere a
31、s “energy“ or “loganthmic“ (as opposed to anthmetic) values Used when it is appropnate to sum or average the underlying energy-like quantities, e g decibel sum Energy fraction, F. Ratio of sound energy received from a segment to energy received from infinite flight path (IX) Copyright International
32、Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-(x) Recommended Method for Computing Noise Contours Around Airports Engine power setting. Value of the noise related power parameter used to determine
33、 noise emissions from the noise-power-distance (NPD) database. Equivalent (continuous) sound level, Laq. A measure of long-term sound The level of a hypothetical steady sound, which over a specified period of time, contains the same total energy as the actual variable sound. Event sound/noise level.
34、 A decibel measure of the finite quantity of sound (or noise) received from a passing aeroplane sound exposure level. Flight configuration. Equals aeroplane configuration plus flight parameters. Flight parameters. Aeroplane power setting, speed, bank angle and mass. Flight path (or trajectory). A fu
35、ll description of the motion of the aeroplane in space (three dimensions) and time, which is accounted for via aeroplane speed. The flight path of an aeroplane is typically referenced to an origin at the start of the take-off roll or at the landing threshold. Flight path segment. Part of an aeroplan
36、e flight path represented for noise modelling purposes by a straight line of finite length. Flight procedure. The sequence of operational steps followed by the aeroplane crew or flight management system: expressed as changes of flight configuration as a function of distance along the ground track. F
37、light profile. A description of the aeroplane motion in the vertical plane above the ground track, in temis of its posifion, speed, bank angle and engine power setting (sometimes also includes changes of flight configuration), described by a set of profile points. Ground plane (or nominal ground pla
38、ne). Horizontal ground surface through the aerodrome reference point on which the contours are normally calculated. Ground speed. Aeroplane speed relative to a fixed point on the ground. Ground track. Vertical projection of the fiight path onto the ground plane. Height Vertical distance between aero
39、plane and ground plane. Integrated sound level. Otherwise termed “single event sound exposure level“. International Standard Atmosphere (ISA). Defines variation of air temperature, pressure, and density with height above mean sea level. Used to normalize the results of aeroplane design calculations
40、and to analyse test data. Defined by ICAO tref. 11. Lateral attenuation. Excess attenuation of sound with distance attributable, directly or indirecUy, to the presence of the ground surface. Significant at low angles of elevation (of the aeroplane above ttie ground plane). Mass. The quantity of matt
41、er (in an aircraft). Maximum noise/sound leveL The maximum sound level reached during an event. Mean sea level (MSL). The standard earth surface elevation to which the ISA is referred. Wef thrust The propulsive force exerted by an engine on the airframe. Copyright International Civil Aviation Organi
42、zation Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Explanation of terms and symbols (XI) Noise. Noise is defined as unwanted sound But metncs such as A-weighted sound level (LA) and effective perceived noise level (EPNL) e
43、ffectively convert sound levels into noise levels Despite a consequent lack of ngour, the terms “sound“ and “noise“ are sometimes used interchangeably in this document Noise contour. A line of constant value of a cumulative aeroplane noise level or index around an airport Noise impact. The adverse e
44、ffects) of noise on its recipients, importantly, it is implied that noise metncs are indicators of noise impact Noise index. A measure of long-term or cumulative sound which correlates with (i e is considered to be a predictor of) (ts effects on people Other factors may be taken into account includi
45、ng the magnitude of the sound (especially time of day) An example is day-evening-night level, LDEN Noise level. A decibel measure of sound on a scale which indicates its loudness or noisiness For environmental noise from aeroplanes, two scales are generally used A-weighted sound level and perceived
46、noise level These scales apply different weights to sound of different frequencies to mimic human perception Noise metric. An expression used to descnbe any measure of quantity of noise at a receiver position whether it be a single event or an accumulation of noise over extended time There are two c
47、ommonly used measures of single event noise the maximum level reached dunng the event, or its sound exposure level, which is a measure of its total sound energy determined by time integration Noise-power-distance (NPD) data. Noise event levels tabulated as a function of the distance below an aeropla
48、ne in steady level flight at a reference speed in a reference atmosphere, for each of a number of engine power settings The data account for the effects of sound attenuation due to sphencal wave spreading (inverse-square law) and atmosphenc absorption The distance is defined perpendicular to the aeroplane flight path and the aeroplane wing-axis (i e vertically below the aeroplane in non banked level flight) Noise-related power parameter, power or power setting. Parameters that descnbe or indicate the propulsive effort generated by an aeroplane engine to which acoustic power e
