1、 Recommendation ITU-R BT.2022(08/2012)General viewing conditions for subjective assessment of quality of SDTV and HDTV television pictures on flat panel displaysBT SeriesBroadcasting service(television)ii Rec. ITU-R BT.2022 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational
2、, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommun
3、ication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Res
4、olution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http:/www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information
5、 database can also be found. Series of ITU-R Recommendations (Also available online at http:/www.itu.int/publ/R-REC/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fi
6、xed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service system
7、s SM Spectrum management SNG Satellite news gathering TF Time signals and frequency standards emissions V Vocabulary and related subjects Note: This ITU-R Recommendation was approved in English under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. Electronic Publication Geneva, 2012 ITU 2012 All right
8、s reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-R BT.2022 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R BT.2022 General viewing conditions for subjective assessment of quality of SDTV and HDTV television pictures on flat panel displays (Questi
9、on ITU-R 81-1/6) (2012) Scope This Recommendation specifies general viewing conditions for subjective assessment of quality of SDTV and HDTV television pictures on flat panel displays. The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) that Recommendation ITU-R BT.500 has been developed assuming th
10、e use of CRT displays in subjective assessment; b) that the transition from CRT to non-CRT display imposes the use of non-CRT displays for subjective assessment; c) that the picture rendering characteristics may differ between CRT and non-CRT displays; d) that increasingly SDTV and HDTV flat panel d
11、isplays (FPDs) are being used for subjective quality assessment of television pictures, recognizing a) that Recommendations ITU-R BT.814 and BT.815 provide specifications and alignment procedures for setting of brightness and contrast of displays; b) that Recommendation ITU-R BT.1848 provides guidel
12、ines on safe areas of 625-line, 720-line and 1 080-line formats of wide-screen 16:9 aspect ratio digital productions; c) that Recommendation ITU-R BT.1886 specifies the reference electro-optical transfer function (EOTF) that the displays used in HDTV programme production should follow in order to fa
13、cilitate consistent picture presentation; d) that Report ITU-R BT.2129 investigates user requirements for a flat panel display as a master monitor in an HDTV programme production environment, noting 1 that specific viewing conditions for subjective assessments of specific systems are given in the re
14、lated Recommendations (e.g. Recommendation ITU-R BT.710 for the HDTV and Recommendation ITU-R BT.1129 for SDTV); 2 that Recommendations ITU-R BT.710 and BT.1129 came into force before the development of wide screen flat panel displays, recommends 1 that the general viewing conditions described in An
15、nex 1 should be used for subjective assessment of picture quality. 2 Rec. ITU-R BT.2022 Annex 1 1 General viewing conditions Different environments with different viewing conditions are described. The laboratory viewing environment is intended to provide critical conditions to check systems. General
16、 viewing conditions for subjective assessments in the laboratory environment are given in 1.1. The home viewing environment is intended to provide a means to evaluate quality at the consumer side of the TV chain. General viewing conditions in 1.2 reproduce a home environment. These parameters have b
17、een selected to define an environment slightly more critical than the typical home viewing situations. Some aspects relating to the monitor characteristics are also discussed. 1.1 General viewing conditions for subjective assessments in a laboratory environment The assessors viewing conditions shoul
18、d be arranged as follows: a) Room illumination: low b) Chromaticity of background: D65c) Peak luminance1: 70-250 cd/m2(See 1.7.2) d) Monitor contrast ratio: 0.02 (See 1.7.1) e) Ratio of luminance of background behind picture monitor to peak luminance of picture: 0.15 1.2 General viewing conditions f
19、or subjective assessments in a home environment a) Environmental illuminance on the screen (incident light from the environment falling on the screen, should be measured perpendicularly to the screen): 200 lux b) Peak luminance1: 70-500 cd/m2(See 1.7.2) c) Ratio of luminance of inactive screen to pe
20、ak luminance monitor contrast ratio: 0.02 (See 1.7.1) 1.3 Viewing distance The viewing distance is based on the screen size and it can be selected according to two distinct criteria: the preferred viewing distance (PVD) and the design viewing distance (DVD). The selection of one or the other of the
21、two criteria will depend upon the purpose of the study. 1.3.1 Preferred viewing distance The preferred viewing distance (PVD) is based upon viewers preferences which have been determined empirically. The PVD (in function of the screen sizes) is shown in Fig. 1, which contains a number of data sets c
22、ollected from available sources. This information may be referred to for designing a subjective assessment test. 1Peak luminance should be adjusted according to the room illumination. Rec. ITU-R BT.2022 3 FIGURE 1 Preferred viewing distance in function of the screen sizes BT.2022-01Ohtani 1970Nathan
23、 1985Lund 1993Ardito 1994Narita 2001Tanton 2004Kubota 2006Fujine 2008Kobayashi 2008Suzuki 2011Kusakabe 2012Screen size (inch)0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160024681012PVDin pictureheights(H)1.3.2 Design viewing distance The design viewing distance (DVD), or optimal viewing distance, for a digital system
24、 is the distance at which two adjacent pixels subtend an angle of 1 arc-min at the viewers eye; and the optimal horizontal viewing angle as the angle under which an image is seen at its optimal viewing distance. Table 1 reports the optimal viewing distances (and optimal horizontal viewing angles) fo
25、r several image resolution systems expressed in multiples of the pictures height. TABLE 1 Optimal horizontal viewing angle, optimal viewing distance in picture heights (H) Image system Reference Aspect ratio Pixel aspect ratio Optimal horizontal viewing angle Optimal viewing distance 720 483 Rec. IT
26、U-R BT.601 4:3 0.89 11 7 H 640 480 VGA 4:3 1 11 H 720 576 Rec. ITU-R BT.601 4:3 1.07 13 6 H 1 024 768 XGA 4:3 1 17 4.5 H 1 280 720 Rec. ITU-R BT.1543 Rec. ITU-R BT.1847 16:9 1 21 4.8 H 1 400 1 050 SXGA+ 4:3 1 23 3.3 H 1 920 1 080 Rec. ITU-R BT.709 16:9 1 31 3.2 H 3 840 2 160 Rec. ITU-R BT.1769 16:9
27、1 58 1.6 H 7 680 4 320 Rec. ITU-R BT.1769 16:9 1 96 0.8 H 4 Rec. ITU-R BT.2022 1.4 Observation angle The maximum observation angle relative to the normal should be constrained so that deviations in reproduced colour on the screen should not be visible to an observer. The optimal horizontal viewing a
28、ngle of an image system under test should also be considered to determine the observation angle. 1.5 Monitor processing Monitor processing such as image scaling, frame rate conversion, image enhancer, if implemented, should be done in such a way as to avoid introducing artefacts. A test report shoul
29、d indicate whether de-interlacer is used or not for interlaced signals. It is preferable not to use de-interlacer if interlaced signals can be displayed without it. 1.6 Monitor resolution The resolution of professional monitors usually complies with the required standards for subjective assessments
30、in their luminance operating range. To check and report the maximum and minimum resolutions (centre and corners of the screen) at the used luminance value might be suggested. If consumer FPD TV sets are used for subjective assessments, it is strongly recommended to check and report the maximum and m
31、inimum resolutions (centre and corners of the screen) at the used luminance value. At present the most practical system available to subjective assessments performers, in order to check monitors or consumer TV sets resolutions, is the use of a swept test pattern electronically generated. 1.7 Monitor
32、 adjustment Brightness and contrast of a monitor should be adjusted under the environment illuminance by using the PLUGE waveforms in accordance with Recommendation ITU-R BT.814. The monitor contrast ratio should be measured in accordance with Recommendation ITU-R BT.815. 1.7.1 Monitor contrast Cont
33、rast could be strongly influenced by the environment illuminance. Professional monitors seldom use technologies to improve their contrast in a high illuminance environment, so it is possible they do not comply with the requested contrast standard if used in a high illuminance environment. Consumer m
34、onitors typically use technologies to get a better contrast in a high illuminance environment. 1.7.2 Monitor brightness When adjusting the LCD monitor brightness, it is preferable to use backlight intensity control rather than using signal level scaling to retain the bit precision. In the case of ot
35、her display technologies that do not use a backlight, the white level should be adjusted by means other than signal level scaling. Note that PDP controls the brightness by the number of light radiations, and if lower brightness is set, tone reproduction will be degraded. Rec. ITU-R BT.2022 5 1.8 Mon
36、itor motion artefacts The display should not introduce motion artefacts that are introduced by specific display technologies. On the other hand, the motion effects included in the input signal should be represented on the display. 1.9 Monitor characteristics in general Note that using different char
37、acteristics of monitors would yield different picture quality. Thus, it is strongly recommended that characteristics of the monitors used should be checked beforehand. Recommendation ITU-R BT.1886 Reference electro-optical transfer function for flat panel displays used in HDTV studio production and
38、Report ITU-R BT.2129 User requirements for a Flat Panel Display (FPD) as a Master monitor in an HDTV programme production environment may be referred to when professional FPD monitors are used for subjective assessment. 1.10 Safe areas of wide-screen 16:9 aspect ratio SDTV and HDTV picture displays Safe areas for 625, 720 and 1080 line picture displays are provided in Recommendation ITU-R BT.1848. _
