1、 Rep. ITU-R M.2074 1 REPORT ITU-R M.2074 Radio aspects for the terrestrial component of IMT-2000 and systems beyond IMT-2000 (2005) TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1 Scope 4 2 Introduction 4 3 The framework on IMT-2000, future developments of IMT-2000, and systems beyond IMT-2000. 4 3.1 IMT-2000 and its enha
2、ncements 4 3.2 New mobile access . 5 3.3 New nomadic/local area wireless access 5 4 Radio access techniques (RATs) and RAT groups 5 4.1 Justification for RAT group approach for the spectrum requirements calculation methodology. 5 4.2 RAT groups 6 4.3 Usage of RAT groups and radio parameters. 7 4.3.1
3、 Usage of RAT groups 7 4.3.2 Usage of radio parameters for each RAT group 7 5 Radio aspects relevant to spectrum requirements. 8 5.1 General consideration . 8 5.2 Radio parameters 9 5.2.1 Radio parameters required for spectrum calculation methodology . 10 5.2.2 Additional parameters 14 5.3 Spectrum
4、efficiency 16 5.3.1 Area spectral efficiency . 16 5.3.2 Required spectrum calculation. 17 5.3.3 Technical issues affecting spectral efficiency 17 5.4 Technical issues influencing spectrum range preferences 18 5.4.1 Target peak data rates 18 2 Rep. ITU-R M.2074 Page 5.4.2 Target grade of mobility 18
5、5.4.3 Target coverage range with reasonable trade-off. 25 5.4.4 Implications of frequency range on mobile device power consumption . 27 5.4.5 Availability and feasibility of required RF components within the required time frame 28 5.4.6 Spectrum ranges influencing technology. 28 5.4.7 Spectrum range
6、 preference. 28 5.5 Categorization of additional relevant radio parameters 29 6 Radio environments 32 6.1 Macro cell . 32 6.1.1 Radio propagation characteristic 33 6.1.2 Typical deployment scenario . 33 6.1.3 Requirements for technical characteristics. 33 6.1.4 Radio access technique groups 34 6.2 M
7、icro cell 34 6.2.1 Radio propagation characteristic 34 6.2.2 Typical deployment scenario . 35 6.2.3 Requirements for technical characteristics. 35 6.2.4 Radio access technique groups 36 6.3 Pico cell 36 6.3.1 Radio propagation characteristic 36 6.3.2 Typical deployment scenario . 36 6.3.3 Requiremen
8、ts for technical characteristics. 37 6.3.4 Radio access technique groups 37 6.4 Hotspot 38 6.4.1 Radio propagation characteristic 38 6.4.2 Typical deployment scenario . 38 6.4.3 Requirements for technical characteristics. 38 6.4.4 Radio access technique groups 39 6.5 Metrics of radio environments 39
9、 6.6 Radio environment parameters needed by spectrum calculation methodology . 40 Rep. ITU-R M.2074 3 Page 7 Conclusions 41 Annex 1 Spectral efficiency calculation for new capabilities of systems beyond IMT-2000 . 41 Annex 2 Justifications for parameters for RAT Group 1 44 Annex 3 Justifications for
10、 proposed parameters for RAT2 46 Annex 4 Justifications for proposed parameters for RAT Group 3 51 Annex 5 Justifications for proposed parameters for RAT Group 4 51 Annex 6 Example of spectrum efficiency using (4,4) MIMO 52 4 Rep. ITU-R M.2074 1 Scope This Report provides radio-related technical inf
11、ormation which is relevant to the preparations of WRC-07 Agenda item 1.4. It describes technical matters related to radio aspects such as requirement for technical characteristics that are needed for the spectrum requirements calculations, values of the required radio parameters, spectrum efficiency
12、 values, and suitable spectrum range preference from a technical aspect. These matters are reflected in the process to calculate the required spectrum and to determine suitable frequency ranges for the future development of IMT-2000 and systems beyond IMT-2000 from the year 2010 onwards to fulfil th
13、e framework shown in Recommendation ITU-R M.1645. 2 Introduction Recommendation ITU-R M.1645 defines the framework and overall objectives of the future development of IMT-2000 and systems beyond IMT-2000. That framework is based on the global user and technology trends, including the needs of develo
14、ping countries. Further ITU-R Recommendations will develop these concepts in more detail. This Report addresses technical matters related to radio aspects for the future development of IMT-2000 and systems beyond IMT-2000. WRC-03 set an agenda item for WRC-07 to consider frequency-related matters fo
15、r the future development of IMT-2000 and systems beyond IMT-2000 and invited ITU-R to report, in time for WRC-07, on the results of studies on the spectrum requirements and potential frequency ranges suitable for the future development of IMT-2000 and systems beyond IMT-2000. Market trends in future
16、 systems such as the amount of traffic in the year 2010 onwards and predictions of the future technical characteristics, such as radio parameters, will be considered as important inputs for the calculation of required spectrum bandwidth and the determination of suitable frequency ranges for the futu
17、re development of IMT-2000 and systems beyond IMT-2000. Market trends are detailed in Report ITU-R M.2072. Studies in radio aspects are indispensable for the calculation of required spectrum bandwidth and the determination of suitable frequency ranges, taking into account technical trends in the yea
18、r 2010 onwards. These studies should be technology neutral and include relevant technical factors such as radio environments, radio parameters, and spectrum efficiency. 3 The framework on IMT-2000, future developments of IMT-2000, and systems beyond IMT-2000 The high level framework of the future de
19、velopment of IMT-2000 and systems beyond IMT-2000 includes: future development of IMT-2000, new capabilities of systems beyond IMT-2000; relationship of IMT-2000, systems beyond IMT-2000, and other access systems, as described in Recommendation ITU-R M.1645. The new capabilities are comprised of new
20、 mobile access capabilities and new nomadic/local area wireless access capabilities. 3.1 IMT-2000 and its enhancements IMT-2000 and its enhancements are expected to continue supporting wide area mobility capability and will further address user needs for low and medium data rate services with increa
21、sed spectrum efficiency. These include all kinds of speech services, SMS, low and medium multimedia and location-based services. Along with that, the initial enhancements of IMT-2000, for which Rep. ITU-R M.2074 5 standards are already being developed, will be followed by further enhancements that c
22、ould increase the peak aggregate useful data rate up to approximately 30 Mbit/s under favourable circumstances. IMT-2000 and its enhancements should support low to high mobility since these systems would be mainly deployed in a cellular environment. In such an environment, both line-of-sight (LoS) a
23、nd non line-of-sight (NLoS) should be considered. 3.2 New mobile access A new mobile access is envisaged to handle low to high mobility applications with a wide range of supported data rates according to economic and service demands in multi-user environments with target peak data rates of up to app
24、roximately 100 Mbit/s with very high spectrum efficiency. It is expected that this new mobile access provides high bitrate applications, such as MMS, video streaming and super high multimedia, as well as various kinds of simultaneous medium even if their data rates do not require high speed. Since a
25、 new mobile access would be deployed in cellular and hotspot environments, low to high mobility should be supported. Both LoS and NLoS should be considered in new mobile access. 3.3 New nomadic/local area wireless access A new nomadic/local area wireless access is predicted to handle low mobility ap
26、plications with a wide range of data rates according to economic and service demands. Since it is expected that users would download or upload large-size data with high speed in a particular space, a new nomadic/local area wireless access should support peak data rates up to 1 Gbit/s in low mobility
27、. It is anticipated that the new nomadic/local area wireless access would be deployed according to economic and service demands in isolated environments referred to as hot spots. 4 Radio access techniques (RATs) and RAT groups 4.1 Justification for RAT group approach for the spectrum requirements ca
28、lculation methodology WRC-07 agenda item 1.4 states: “to consider frequency related matters for the future development of IMT-2000 and systems beyond IMT-2000 taking into account the results of ITU-R studies”. According to the agreed guidelines the methodology is technology neutral and generic. This
29、 means that the calculations focus on “future development of IMT-2000” and on “Systems beyond IMT-2000” without addressing individual technologies separately. The methodology (Recommendation ITU-R M.1768) also has the “flexibility to handle both emerging technologies, and well characterized systems
30、such as those defined in Recommendation ITU-R M.1457”. This implies that the technical characteristics are defined on a generic level. Furthermore, the methodology needs to: produce results in a manner that is easily understandable and credible; be implementable and verifiable within the available t
31、ime scales; be no more complex than is justified by uncertainty of the input data. The first conclusion is that a suitable, technology neutral and simplified approach would be to have the technologies grouped rather than having the need to handle all, (possibly tens of) technologies individually. Th
32、e second conclusion is that in order to cover the scope of agenda item 1.4, there is a requirement for the RAT groups on the “Future developments of IMT-2000” and “Systems beyond IMT-2000”. 6 Rep. ITU-R M.2074 In addition there is a need to take other RAT groups into account as “service functionalit
33、ies in fixed, mobile and broadcasting networks are increasingly converging and inter working” (Resolution 228, Rev.WRC-03). This means that such networks can increasingly cover overlapping service types. Therefore, services and traffic of other relevant converging technologies must be taken into acc
34、ount. However, the intention of WRC-07 agenda item 1.4 is not to calculate the spectrum requirements of the other technologies, but to focus on those mentioned in the agenda item 1.4 text. The third conclusion is therefore, that the traffic distribution to the relevant other RAT groups must be taken
35、 into account, and to do so, the other relevant RAT groups need to be defined. This will be addressed in the next section. Finally, the RAT grouping will ease the processing of input data. Traffic data originating from service and market predictions will be needed as inputs to the methodology. It ca
36、n be assumed that the predicted traffic can be distributed with reasonable accuracy to relevant RAT groups but not realistically down to individual RATs, irrespective whether the distribution will be done in the processing of the market data or by the methodology itself. Concerning the required radi
37、o parameters, defining the radio parameters for a few RAT groups is expected to be much more feasible than for tens of separate RATs. 4.2 RAT groups The RAT groups are not technology specific and are defined as the following: Group 1: Pre-IMT systems, IMT-2000 and its enhancements. This group covers
38、 the digital cellular mobile systems, IMT-2000 systems and their enhancements. Group 2: Systems beyond IMT-2000 as described in Fig. 2 of Recommendation ITU-R M.1645 (e.g., new mobile access and new nomadic/local area wireless access), but not including systems already described in any other RAT gro
39、ups. Group 3: Existing radio LANs and their enhancements. Group 4: Digital mobile broadcasting systems and their enhancements. This group covers systems aimed at broadcasting to mobile and handheld terminals. The justifications for each group are the following: Group 1: The need for this RAT group s
40、tems directly from agenda item 1.4 and Recommendation ITU-R M.1645. The proposal to include IMT-2000 and its future enhancements into a single RAT group is in line with the Recommendation ITU-R M.1645 expectation that “there will be a steady and continuous evolution of IMT-2000 to support new applic
41、ations, products and services”, which is also confirmed by ongoing standardization activities. Pre-IMT systems are included in RAT Group 1 for the following reasons: Pre-IMT systems cover a subset of the IMT-2000 services and therefore the corresponding traffic can be aggregated with IMT-2000 traffi
42、c. Most bands for pre-IMT-2000 technologies are identified for IMT-2000, and as such those bands will be taken into account in the estimations. Presence of pre-IMT systems can technically be taken into account by appropriate adjustments in radio parameters of RAT Group 1, e.g. the spectral efficienc
43、y, so that the value of each radio parameter is representative for all RATs in the group. The time span for the market data is beyond 2015, when significance of the pre-IMT systems may be decreasing in some countries or Regions. However, there will be differences in different countries and Regions w
44、ith respect to the licensing, market Rep. ITU-R M.2074 7 development, migration to IMT-2000 etc. Covering such questions is not within the scope of WRC-07 agenda item 1.4. Group 2: The need for this RAT group stems directly from agenda item 1.4 and Recommendation ITU-R M.1645. Systems beyond IMT-200
45、0 will cover new mobile access and new nomadic/local area access capabilities. The motivation for a separate RAT group compared to Group 1 is that systems beyond IMT-2000 are expected to have significantly differing RAT characteristics and capabilities than IMT-2000 and its future developments. Grou
46、p 3: The need for taking this RAT group into account comes from Recommendation ITU-R M.1645. IMT-2000 and systems beyond IMT-2000 are identified to have a relationship with RLANs. It can be expected that existing RLANs will share a portion of the relevant total traffic. WRC-03 identified globally co
47、mmon spectrum for RLANs, which allows considerable capacity for such networks. Group 4: The need for taking this RAT group into account comes also from Recommendation ITU-R M.1645 and the fact that new mobile broadcasting services based on technologies such as IP datacast are expected to emerge in t
48、he coming years. These services will provide point-to-multipoint (P-MP) services that cover part of the total mobile market. 4.3 Usage of RAT groups and radio parameters 4.3.1 Usage of RAT groups The handling of each RAT group is identified in the spectrum calculation methodology. In the spectrum ca
49、lculation methodology, there are two stages that are related to RAT groups. The first is the stage for distributing the calculated traffic amount to possible RAT groups. The second is the stage for calculating the required spectrum from amount of distributed traffic for future development of IMT-2000 and systems beyond IMT-2000. Thus, there are two types of RAT groups in the spectrum calculation methodology: Type a): RAT group for which the spectrum requirements are to be calculated (this type of RAT group is considered through the whole stages in th
