1、 I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n ITU-T Y.4001/F.748.2 TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (11/2015) SERIES Y: GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE, INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS AND NEXT-GENERATION NETWORKS, INTERNET OF THINGS AND SMART CITIES Internet of t
2、hings and smart cities and communities General SERIES F: NON-TELEPHONE TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES Machine socialization: Overview and reference model Recommendation ITU-T Y.4001/F.748.2 ITU-T Y-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE, INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS AND NEXT-GENERATION NE
3、TWORKS, INTERNET OF THINGS AND SMART CITIES GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE General Y.100Y.199 Services, applications and middleware Y.200Y.299 Network aspects Y.300Y.399 Interfaces and protocols Y.400Y.499 Numbering, addressing and naming Y.500Y.599 Operation, administration and maintenance Y.600
4、Y.699 Security Y.700Y.799 Performances Y.800Y.899 INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS General Y.1000Y.1099 Services and applications Y.1100Y.1199 Architecture, access, network capabilities and resource management Y.1200Y.1299 Transport Y.1300Y.1399 Interworking Y.1400Y.1499 Quality of service and network perf
5、ormance Y.1500Y.1599 Signalling Y.1600Y.1699 Operation, administration and maintenance Y.1700Y.1799 Charging Y.1800Y.1899 IPTV over NGN Y.1900Y.1999 NEXT GENERATION NETWORKS Frameworks and functional architecture models Y.2000Y.2099 Quality of Service and performance Y.2100Y.2199 Service aspects: Se
6、rvice capabilities and service architecture Y.2200Y.2249 Service aspects: Interoperability of services and networks in NGN Y.2250Y.2299 Enhancements to NGN Y.2300Y.2399 Network management Y.2400Y.2499 Network control architectures and protocols Y.2500Y.2599 Packet-based Networks Y.2600Y.2699 Securit
7、y Y.2700Y.2799 Generalized mobility Y.2800Y.2899 Carrier grade open environment Y.2900Y.2999 FUTURE NETWORKS Y.3000Y.3499 CLOUD COMPUTING Y.3500Y.3999 INTERNET OF THINGS AND SMART CITIES AND COMMUNITIES General Y.4000Y.4049 Definitions and terminologies Y.4050Y.4099 Requirements and use cases Y.4100
8、Y.4249 Infrastructure, connectivity and networks Y.4250Y.4399 Frameworks, architectures and protocols Y.4400Y.4549 Services, applications, computation and data processing Y.4550Y.4699 Management, control and performance Y.4700Y.4799 Identification and security Y.4800Y.4899 For further details, pleas
9、e refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. Rec. ITU-T Y.4001/F.748.2 (11/2015) i Recommendation ITU-T Y.4001/F.748.2 Machine socialization: Overview and reference model Summary Recommendation ITU-T Y.4001/F.748.2 describes machine socialization, which enables machines to cooperate with one anothe
10、r via their relations with other machines. In machine socialization, machines can be identified, can communicate and can capture data using machine identifiers, features of machine capabilities and machine owners, etc. Machines can be socialized with the information of identified machines through th
11、e establishment of relations. This Recommendation provides an overview, requirements and a reference model for machine socialization. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group Unique ID* 1.0 ITU-T Y.4001/F.748.2 2015-11-29 16 11.1002/1000/12621 Keywords Internet of things (IoT), machine so
12、cialization, social Internet of things, socialization, social web of things. * To access the Recommendation, type the URL http:/handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your web browser, followed by the Recommendations unique ID. For example, http:/handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/11830-en. ii Rec. ITU-T
13、Y.4001/F.748.2 (11/2015) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-
14、T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for stud
15、y by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a c
16、ollaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain c
17、ertain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requ
18、irements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Righ
19、t. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellec
20、tual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2016 All rights
21、 reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T Y.4001/F.748.2 (11/2015) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 References . 1 3 Definitions 1 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere 1 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommen
22、dation . 1 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 2 5 Conventions 2 6 Overview of machine socialization 2 6.1 General overview of machine socialization . 2 6.2 Relations for socialization 3 6.3 Socialization under the same ownership of machines 5 6.4 Socialization under different ownerships of machines . 5 6.
23、5 General procedures of machine socialization . 5 7 Requirements for machine socialization . 6 7.1 Standardized description of a machine . 6 7.2 Service discovery 6 7.3 Standardized expression of relation 6 7.4 Dynamic update of relation 7 7.5 Multiple ways of establishing a relation . 7 7.6 Caching
24、 of relation information . 7 7.7 Fault recovery for a relation . 7 7.8 Resilience of relation 7 7.9 Negotiation of QoS . 7 7.10 Verification of ownership of a machine . 7 8 Reference models of machine socialization . 7 8.1 Service model of machine socialization . 7 8.2 Functional model of machine so
25、cialization 8 iv Rec. ITU-T Y.4001/F.748.2 (11/2015) Introduction Social relations existed between people before the appearance of social network services as known today. However, these social relations were constrained by time, location, space, etc. A social networking service is a platform that en
26、ables the building of social networks or social relations among people who share interests, activities, backgrounds or real-life connections. Unlike traditional social networks or social relations, social network services make it possible to connect people who share interests and activities across p
27、olitical, economic, and geographic borders, etc. In addition, social network services make it easy to create, maintain, strengthen and extend social networks or social relations. The most important factor in the use of social network services is the possibility of being able to cooperate with other
28、people including crowd activities by sharing and exchanging information. According to the definition of the Internet of things (IoT), things or machines collect data (either environmental or non-environmental) and transfer this data to the information world through communication networks. Though thi
29、ngs or machines are interconnected with one another, the important point of the IoT is in providing the capability for communication and data (either environmental or non-environmental) capture to things or machines. Without collaboration or cooperation between things or machines, they may remain is
30、olated and constrained from a capability point of view. Because humans have an always-on networking capability, a social network service becomes a great way to share and exchange information. Using this capability, it is easy for humans to acquire information on the experience, knowledge and capabil
31、ity of other humans without the barriers associated with time, space, etc. Consequently, it can be easily understood that all networked things or machines will: produce numerous items of meaningful information or more specifically, captured data, occasionally pre-processed by things or machines; evo
32、lve intellectually and then converse with one another, in other words, they will be socialized. To enable things to communicate what they do or need, follow one another, discuss with one another, collaborate, create events and do things together demands the socialization of machines to a level corre
33、sponding to that of social relations among humans. Rec. ITU-T Y.4001/F.748.2 (11/2015) 1 Recommendation ITU-T F.748.2 Machine socialization: Overview and reference model 1 Scope This Recommendation specifies machine socialization which enables machines to cooperate with one another using their relat
34、ions with other machines. This Recommendation covers the following: overview of machine socialization; requirements for machine socialization; and reference models of machine socialization including a service model and functional model. 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendations and other refe
35、rences contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to inv
36、estigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The reference to a document within this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the s
37、tatus of a Recommendation. ITU-T Y.4000 Recommendation ITU-T Y.4000/Y.2060 (2012), Overview of the Internet of things. 3 Definitions 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere This Recommendation uses the following terms defined elsewhere: 3.1.1 Internet of things (IoT) ITU-T Y.4000: A global infrastructure for th
38、e information society, enabling advanced services by interconnecting (physical and virtual) things based on existing and evolving interoperable information and communication technologies. NOTE 1 Through the exploitation of identification, data capture, processing and communication capabilities, the
39、IoT makes full use of things to offer services to all kinds of applications, whilst ensuring that security and privacy requirements are fulfilled. NOTE 2 From a broader perspective, the IoT can be perceived as a vision with technological and societal implications. 3.1.2 thing ITU-T Y.4000: In the In
40、ternet of things, this is an object of the physical world (physical things) or of the information world (virtual things), which is capable of being identified and integrated into communication networks. 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation This Recommendation defines the following terms: 3.2.1 m
41、achine: An object of the physical world which is capable of being identified and of communicating, computing and processing data. 3.2.2 machine socialization: Enabling things or machines to communicate what they do or what they need, as well as to follow one another, discuss with one another and col
42、laborate with one another. 2 Rec. ITU-T Y.4001/F.748.2 (11/2015) 3.2.3 relation: An association between or among machines or things enabling machines or things to share or to provide the capability to achieve a task in collaboration. This includes scheduling of processes between or among machines or
43、 things to perform a task. 3.2.4 sociality: The tendency of things or machines to be in the state of socialization. 4 Abbreviations and acronyms This Recommendation uses the following abbreviations and acronyms: E-R Entity Relationship IoT Internet of Things M2M Machine to Machine QoS Quality of Ser
44、vice RFID Radio Frequency Identification XML Extensible Markup Language 5 Conventions The keywords “is required to“ indicate a requirement which must be strictly followed and from which no deviation is permitted if conformance to this Recommendation is to be claimed. The keywords “is recommended“ in
45、dicate a requirement which is recommended but which is not absolutely required. Thus this requirement need not be present to claim conformance. 6 Overview of machine socialization 6.1 General overview of machine socialization The Internet of things (IoT) is defined as a global infrastructure for the
46、 information society, enabling advanced services by interconnecting (physical and virtual) things based on existing and evolving interoperable information and communication technologies. Through the exploitation of identification, data capture, processing and communication capabilities, the IoT make
47、s full use of things to offer services to all kinds of applications, while ensuring that security and privacy requirements are fulfilled. From a broader perspective, the IoT can be perceived as a vision with technological and societal implications ITU-T Y.4000. Other definitions on the IoT can be fo
48、und, however they do not have any significant differences. According to the existing definitions of the IoT, things or machines collect data (either environmental or non-environmental) and transfer it to the information world through communication networks. In other words, current understating of th
49、e IoT is reduced to merely a collection of world-wide sensor networks and radio frequency identification (RFID) systems and global machine-to-machine (M2M) systems. Though things or machines are interconnected with one another, the point of interest of the IoT is in providing capability for communication and data capture to things or machines. However, expectations for the IoT go beyond sensor networks, RFID and M2M, etc., as these are just some of the enablers for the IoT. Like the human experience of using so
