1、2010 年厦门大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷及答案与解析一、Proofreading0 Although cosmetic surgery (and non-surgically cosmetic 【M1】_procedures, such as Botox injections) sometimes produce negativeoutcomesmedia often highlights surgery “disasters“ 【M2】_in the most part, the health risk for cosmetic procedures 【M3】_is low and pati
2、ent satisfaction is high. Often, people who have beenhobbled by poor body image all of their life, walk away from 【M4】_cosmetic surgery in confidence and the motivation to lead 【M5】_healthier lives. In addition, reconstructive surgery for burning 【M6】_and accident victims or to those disfigured from
3、 disease restore 【M7】_self-esteem and well-being in the way that other therapy cannot. 【M8】_In my professional opinion, it is a time for members of the 【M9】_medical community to examine the benefits and results ofcosmetic surgery with prejudice and jealousy. 【M10】_1 【M1】2 【M2】3 【M3】4 【M4】5 【M5】6 【M6
4、】7 【M7】8 【M8】9 【M9】10 【M10】二、Structure and Rhetorie11 Because noises modulate radiofrequency, radio stations use a band of frequencies to prevent interference with other stations.（A）govern（B） adapt（C） temper（D）renovate12 A fossil is a remnant of a once-living organism.（A）bone（B） solvent（C） picture（D
5、）vestige13 When squashed the stem and leaves of the jewelweed exude a juice that will soothe some skin irritations.（A）boiled（B） aged（C） crushed（D）chopped14 The legislative filibuster is a parliamentary tactic designed to delay or prevent action by the majority.（A）tradition（B） rule（C） observance（D）ma
6、neuver15 Ocean waves can cut imposing cliffs along coastlines.（A）immobile（B） impermeable（C） impressive（D）imaginative16 Mergers may be effected to revive or rejuvenate failing businesses by the infusion of new management and personnel.（A）inspection（B） introduction（C） evaluation（D）concentration17 A fa
7、ble is a didactic tale focused on a single character trail.（A）an authentic（B） a muddied（C） an instructive（D）an old-fashioned18 The compact dictionaries published in recent years are not as unwieldy as some of the older editions.（A）complete（B） tiresome（C） reliable（D）cumbersome19 Author Katherine Sher
8、wood McDowell had a knack for converting almost every experience into marketable prose.（A）an aptitude for（B） an obsession with（C） an alternative to（D）a purpose for20 South Carolinas mineral resources are abundant, but not all of them can be lucratively mined.（A）profitably（B） safely（C） easily（D）exten
9、sively21 Ravaged by pollution and war, many famous monuments have become eroded and stained.（A）discolored（B） dismembered（C） displaced（D）distinctive22 Orioles are arboreal birds, and when they descend to the ground, it is mainly to gather nest materials.（A）territorial（B） tree-dwelling（C） consummate（D
10、）grumpy23 Louisa May Alcotts novel Little Women, which recounts the experiences of the four March sisters during the American Civil war, is largely autobiographical.（A）praises（B） narrates（C） exaggerates（D）classifies24 Fertilizer applied to soil can replace depleted nutrients.（A）organic（B） acidic（C）
11、exhausted（D）desirable25 Galena, the chief ore of lead, is a brittle mineral with a metallic luster.（A）hazel（B） dense（C） breakable（D）sparking26 In Hawaii, endemic birds, such as the omao and the apapane, dwell in the volcanic highlands and tropical rain forests.（A）alluring（B） aquatic（C） graceful（D）na
12、tive27 Biologists have ascertained that specialized cells convert chemical energy into mechanical energy.（A）determined（B） argued（C） hypothesized（D）griped28 Pocahonta, a seventeenth century Powhatan Indian, went to the Jamestown colony as her fathers emissary.（A）ward（B） attendant（C） messenger（D）trans
13、lator29 Neon light is utilized in airport beacons because it can permeate fog.（A）pass through（B） transmit（C） suspend（D）break up30 Alexander Woollcotts flamboyant personality combined sharpness of wit with sentimentality.（A）devious（B） humorous（C） singular（D）showy三、Diction31 The form and physiology of
14、 leaves vary according to the _ in which they develop: for example, leaves display a wider range of adaptations to different degrees of light and moisture.（A）relationship（B） sequence（C） patterns（D）environment32 Since most, if not all, learning occurs through _, relating one observation to another, i
15、t would be strange indeed if the study of other cultures did not also illuminate the study of our own.（A）assumptions（B） experiments（C） comparisons（D）repetitions33 He had expected gratitude for his disclosure, but instead he encountered _ bordering on hostility.（A）patience（B） discretion（C） ineptitude
16、（D）indifference34 Although Simpson was ingenious at _ to appear innovative and spontaneous, beneath the ruse he remained uninspired and rigid in his approach to problem-solving.（A）intending（B） contriving（C） forbearing（D）declining35 Because modern scientists find the ancient Greek view of the cosmos
17、outdated and irrelevant, they now perceive it as only of _ interest.（A）historical（B） intrinsic（C） experimental（D）superfluous36 In spite of the increasing _ of their opinions, the group knew they had to arrive at a consensus so that the award could be presented.（A）impartiality（B） judiciousness（C） pol
18、arity（D）consistency37 Ironically, the proper use of figurative language must be based on the denotative meaning of the words, because it is the failure to recognize this _ meaning that leads to mixed metaphors and their attendant incongruity.（A）esoteric（B） literal（C） allusive（D）symbolic38 Although a
19、ny destruction of vitamins caused by food irradiation could be _ the use of diet supplements, there may be no protection from carcinogens that some fear might be introduced into foods by the process.（A）counterbalanced by（B） attributed to（C） augmented with（D）stimulated by39 Data concerning the effect
20、s on a small population of high concentrations of a potentially hazardous chemical are frequently used to _ the effects on a large population of lower amounts of the same chemical.（A）verify（B） redress（C） predict（D）realize40 Early critics of Emily Dickinsons poetry mistook for simplemindedness the su
21、rface of artlessness that in fact she constructed with such _.（A）astonishment（B） vexation（C） allusion（D）cunning41 After a slow sales start early in the year, mobile homes have been gaining favor as _ to increasingly expensive conventional housing.（A）a reaction（B） an addition（C） an introduction（D）an
22、alternative42 Although adolescent maturational and developmental states occur in an orderly sequence, their timing _ with regard to onset and duration.（A）lasts（B） varies（C） falters（D）accelerates43 Psychology has slowly evolved into an _ scientific discipline that now functions autonomously with the
23、same privileges and responsibilities as other sciences.（A）independent（B） unusual（C） outmoded（D）uncontrolled44 Noting the murder victims flaccid musculature and pear-like figure, she deduced that the unfortunate fellow had earned his living in some _ occupation.（A）treacherous（B） ill-paying（C） illegit
24、imate（D）sedentary45 The discovery that, friction excluded, all bodies fall at the same rate is so simple to state and to grasp that there is a tendency to _ its significance.（A）underrate（B） reassess（C） praise（D）eliminate46 The painting was larger than it appeared to be, for hanging in a darkened rec
25、ess of the chapel, it was _ by the perspective.（A）improved（B） diminished（C） embellished（D）jeopardized47 Because folk art is neither completely rejected nor accepted as an art form by art historians, their final evaluations of it necessarily remain _.（A）arbitrary（B） estimable（C） equivocal（D）orthodox4
26、8 Although economists have traditionally considered the district to be solely an agricultural one, the _ of the inhabitants occupations makes such a classification obsolete.（A）productivity（B） diversity（C） predictability（D）profitability49 Although specific concerns may determine the intent of a resea
27、rch project, its results are often _.（A）unanticipated（B） beneficial（C） spectacular（D）specialized50 The notion that a parasite can alter the behavior of a host organism is not mere fiction; indeed, the phenomenon is not even _.（A）observable（B） real（C） comprehended（D）rare四、Reading Comprehension50 Nota
28、tion gave western music a means of written record, but at first only for a kind of music, chant, that was believed to have originated half a millennium and more in the pastto be effectively, ageless. Early medieval chants sprang from the whole time of eternal sameness, which they so readily convey,
29、and similarly there was no measure of the time within themthe rhythm. Then measure came. And with it came the first identifiable composers and precisely datable works.Where chant was of a piece with other musical traditions in being self-sufficient melody, working within a modal system, belonging to
30、 no creator (but to God) and designed for worship, the new music of the twentieth century opened a distinctively western path. The measuring of time was the beginning not only of rhythmic notationknown, far beyond Europe, to the Indian theorist Sarngadeva in the first half of the thirteenth centuryb
31、ut also of music involving coordination among singers carrying different melodies, of polyphony. This, too, was by no means confined to the wedge of land between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic : the gamelan music of Bali, a tradition independent of Europe, is comparable with early western polyph
32、ony in its snperposition of different time streams, fast and slow, while the music of many sub-Saharan African peoples often piles up dissimilar rhythmic layers in ways foreign to Europe outside certain special repertories (fourteenth-century song and some music since 1950). But, from the twelfth ce
33、ntury to the fifteenth, polyphony in the west gradually moved away from the repetitive structures that were retained on Bali or in central Africa as Europeans discovered how harmony could result in continuous flow.The source, as of so much in western culture, was a misunderstanding of classical Gree
34、k knowledge, again acquired through Boethius. He had nothing to say about harmony in the sense of chords, but he conveyed a Geek satisfaction in the primacy of the octave and the fifth, which medieval musicians took as models of consonance (the euphonious combining notes). Just as essential were dis
35、sonant combinations, lacking euphony, for these would intensify the need for consonance. A dissonance placed immediately before a final consonance would produce a firmly conclusive endinga cadence, such as became an essential of western musiC. Extending back from the cadence, the forces of harmony,
36、marshaled through relationships between each chord and the next, could amplify the directional sense already present in the melodythe sense of movement towards a resting point on the last note. Thus time measured became time decisively having a goal, and music could emulate the progress in every hum
37、an soul towards eternity.Music mirrored, too, how time generally was being told. Guidos staff notation came roughly when water clocks were reintroduced from Byzantium and Islam, enabling monks to know when a service was due from the level reached by water slowly filling a vessel. Thus reading, wheth
38、er of a chantbook or a water gauge, substituted for memory and intuition. Exact synchrony between music and time was lost a little when clockwork mechanisms appeared in the mid-thirteenth century, half a century later than the gear-driven music produced at Notre Dame in Paris. However, the perfectio
39、n of hour-chiming with hour-chiming capabilities, in the astronomical clock made by Richard Wallingford for St. Albans Abbey (1327-36), strikingly coincided with the perfection of rhythmic notation that spread from Paris and gave music its own machinery of time lengths.51 Which of the following is t
40、he most appropriate title for this passage?（A）The Development of Rhythm（B） Time Measured.（C） Notation and Time（D）Music and Civilization52 It can be inferred from the passage that before notation appeared _.（A）music was always renewed and could last only as long as memory（B） music presented people wi
41、th three times at once: the now in which they heard it, the then in which it was made, and the further then of when the piece was composed（C） polyphony had already been developed to such a degree that different melodies carried by different singers could form a coordinated harmony（D）music mostly was
42、 not improvised and was not dated with precision53 The author would most likely consider Western musicand the music of non-Western cultures as _.（A）respectively revolutionary and conservative（B） equal but distinct（C） both homogeneous and heterogeneous（D）illustrative of advancement and backwardness54
43、 The passage states that _.（A）music and civilization complement each other and contradict each other（B） rhythmic notation appeared because human beings could tell time in a new way（C） notation appeared when musical works were no longer anonymous and non-datable（D）the appearance of rhythmic notation
44、manifests a new stage of human beings quantitative method of thought55 Summarize the passage in 4 or 5 sentences.55 French toys: One could not find a better illustration of the fact that the adult Frenchman sees the child as another self. All the toys one commonly sees are essentially a microcosm of
45、 the adult world; they are all reduced copies of human objects, as if in the eyes of the public the child was, all told, nothing but a smaller man, a homunculus to whom must be supplied objects of his own size.Invented forms are very rare : a few sets of blocks, which appeal to the spirit of do-it-y
46、ourself, are the only ones which offer dynamic forms. As for the others, French toys always mean something, and this something is always entirely socialized, constituted by the myths or the techniques of modern adult life: the army, broadcasting, the post office, medicine (miniature instrument-cases
47、, operating theaters for dolls), school, hair styling (driers for permanent-waving), the air force (parachutists), transport (trains, Citroens, Vedettes, Vespas, petrol stations), science (Martian toys).The fact that French toys literally prefigure the world of adult functions obviously cannot but p
48、repare the child to accept them all, by constituting for him, even before he can think about it, the alibi of a Nature which has at all times created soldiers, postmen, and Vespas. Toys here reveal the list of all the things the adult does not find unusual: war, bureaucracy, ugliness, Martians, etC.
49、 It is not so much, in fact, the imitation which is the sign of an abdication, as its literalness: French toys are like a Jivaro head, in which one recognizes, shrunken to the size of an apple, the wrinkles and hair of an adult. There exist, for instance, dolls which urinate; they have an esophagus, one gives them a bottle, they wet their nappies; soon, no doubt, milk will tur
