1、2013 年厦门大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷及答案与解析一、简答题1 Is first language acquisition different from foreign language learning? If yes, how?(10 points)2 Do you think there is any true synonym in English? Why?(10 points)3 What is a dialect and what is a register?(10 points)2013 年厦门大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷答案与解析一、简答题1 【正确答案】 Langu
2、age acquisition is the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive, produce language in order to understand and communicate with others. Language acquisition typically refers to the first language acquisition, which studies infants acquisition of their native language. The foreign langu
3、age is the language one tries to master besides his mother tongue.(3 points)What should be noticed is that the native language may influence the effects of foreign language learning in one way or another. When the two languages are similar in structure, the native language facilitates the target lan
4、guage learning, a positive transfer happens; when the two languages are different in structure, the native language may interfere with the target language learning.(3 points)The first language acquisition is different from foreign language learning in the following aspects. Firstly, a person starts
5、the acquisition of his/her first language at a very early age, usually as an infant; however, the learning of a foreign language may occur much later. Secondly, the first language acquisition is a subconscious process while foreign language learning is a conscious effort. Thirdly, the first language
6、 acquisition occurs in a natural environment, while foreign language learning is often planned and carried out in classes. Fourthly, the motivation differs in the two processes. The first language acquisition equips children with a communicative tool to understand the outside world, while foreign la
7、nguage learners care more about the practical purposes, such as to pass an examination or immigration.(4 points)【试题解析】 考查一语习得与外语学习的关系。第一语言习得指儿童出生后不久便开始学习并逐渐掌握其母语；外语则指除母语之外，为某种特定目的而学习的语言。在外语学习中要注意克服第一语言对第二语言的干扰。具体而言，母语习得与外语学习的差异在于以下几点：一、学习者的年龄不同。二、语言习得机制不同。三、语言习得的环境不同。四、语言学习的动机和需要不同。2 【正确答案】 Synonymy
8、 is the technical name for the sense relation of sameness. English is rich in synonyms; however, the total synonyms are rare.(1 point)Two or more words that are named as synonyms may differ from one another in the following ways:firstly,the so-called synonyms are context dependent. For example,“buy“
9、is more appropriate than “purchase“ in the sentence “Little Tom_a toy bear“ , because here “Tom“ is too young to perform an action as “purchase“.(3 points)Secondly, synonyms may have different connotations. For example, compared with “politician“, “statesmen“ sounds more approving.(3 points)Thirdly,
10、 there are dialectal differences, such as “fall“ in American English and “autumn“ in British English.(3 points)【试题解析】 考查英语同义词。同义关系指意义的相同或相近，意义上相近的词叫做同义词。但是在英语中，意义完全相同的词很少见，同义词总存在或多或少的细微差别。这种差别主要表现在以下三个方面：一、同义词使用的语境不同；二、同义词的内涵不同；三、同义词存在方言差异。3 【正确答案】 Geographical variation can be generally divided int
11、o international variations and regional dialects. International variation refers to the variation of a language among different nations.(2 points)Regional dialects, on the other hand, denote the variations within one country. It refers to the variation of language correlating with the locality where
12、 the language is spoken. In other words, dialects are used by particular speech communities and associated with geographical settings or social groupings.(4 points)A speech variety which is appropriate to a limited social context is known as a register and it is used by a particular group of people,
13、 usually sharing the same occupation or the same interest.(2 points)A register must also include the expressions, the lexical-grammatical and phonological features, which accompany or realize these meanings; text can be seen as an instance of a register. A particular register can often distinguishes
14、 itself from other registers by having a number of distinctive words or by using words and expressions in a particular way.(4 points)【试题解析】 考查方言和语域的定义及区别。语言的地域变体一般可以被划分为国际变异和地区方言。前者指一种语言在不同国家的变体，如美国英语和英国英语，后者指一个国家之内的语言变体，即具有当地特色的语言。一个国家不同地区的居民会讲母语的不同变体。语域是特殊人群使用的语言变体，是语言学中用来描述一种特定的语言风格和使用这种语言风格的语境之间关系的术语。某一语域通常有自己一些独特的词汇或使用词或短语的特殊方式。
