1、MBA（英语）阅读理解练习试卷 10 及答案与解析一、Section III Reading ComprehensionDirections: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.0 One of the most pressing challenges that the United States-and indeed, the world-will face
2、 in the next few decades is how to alleviate the growing stress that human activities are placing on the environment. The consequences are just too great to ignore. Wildlife habitats are being degraded or disappearing altogether as new developments take up more land. Plant and animal species are bec
3、oming extinct at a greater rate now than at any time in Earths history. As many as 30 percent of the worlds fish stocks are overexploited. And the list goes on. Yet, there is reason to have hope for the future. Advances in computing power and molecular biology are among the tremendous increases in s
4、cientific capability that are helping researchers gain a better understanding of these problems. Recent developments in science and technology could provide the basis for some major, and timely actions that would improve our understanding of how human activities affect the environment. One priority
5、for research is improving hydrological forecasting. It has been estimated that the worlds water use could triple in the next two decades. Already, widespread water shortages have occurred in parts of China, India, North Africa, and the Arabian Peninsula. The need for water also is taking its toll on
6、 freshwater ecosystems in the United States. Only 2 percent of the nations streams are considered in good condition, and close to 40 percent of native fish species are rare to extinct. Using a variety of new remote sensing tools, scientists can learn more about how precipitation affects water levels
7、, how surface water is generated and transported, and how changes in the landscape affect water supplies. To prevent outbreaks of infectious diseases in plants, animals, and humans, more study is needed on how pathogens, parasites, and disease-carrying species-as well as humans and other species the
8、y infect-are affected by changes in the environment. The overuse of antibiotics both in humans and in farm animals has contributed to the growth of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. Researchers can take advantage of new technologies in genetics and computing to better monitor and predict the effe
9、cts that environmental changes might have on disease outbreaks. Humans have made alterations to Earths surface-such as tropical deforestation, reduction of surface and ground water, and massive development-so dramatic that they approach the levels of transformation that occurred during glacial perio
10、ds. Such alterations cause changes in local and regional climate, and will determine the future of agriculture. Recent advances in data collection and analysis should be used to document and better understand the causes and consequences of changes in land cover and use. 1 The sentence “And the list
11、goes on.“ (Para. 1) is used to suggest that（A）there are many more ways in which humans are hurting the environment.（B） environmental degradation is continuing unabated.（C） the total of animal and plant species facing extinction are too numerous to list.（D）in addition to fish, many other plant and an
12、imal species face over-exploitation by humans. 2 The poor condition of streams in the U.S. can be attributed to（A）overfishing of native fish species.（B） lack of up-to-date monitoring equipment.（C） the demand for water in the U.S.（D）the global water shortage. 3 Which of the following does the author
13、NOT suggest as an important area for research?（A）How precipitation affects water levels.（B） How to prevent outbreaks of infectious diseases.（C） How urban development affects the environment.（D）How the industrial pollution impacts the environment. 4 The last paragraph implies that（A）local and regiona
14、l climates have not fluctuated so much since the glacial periods.（B） the future of agriculture depends on how land usages affect climate.（C） until recently, very little information was documented about changes and consequences of land usage.（D）current human transformations of the land surface is of
15、almost unprecedented scale. 5 Throughout the passage, the author mainly emphasizes（A）the need for more federal funding of environmental scientific research.（B） the role of science in alleviating environmental degradation.（C） the role technology could play in environmental research.（D）the extent of d
16、amage humans have wrought on the environment. 5 It is a well-known fact that there are constant conflicts among different groups of people, and that people tend to blame their misfortunes on some outside other groups for their misfortunes. What are the causes of group prejudice? There seems to be li
17、ttle doubt that one of the principal causes of prejudice is fear: in particular the fear that the interests of our own group are going to be endangered by the actions of another. This is less likely to be the case in a stable, relatively unchanging society in which the members of different social an
18、d occupational groups know what to expect of each other, and know what to expect for themselves. In times of rapid social and economic change, however, new occupations and new social roles appear, and people start looking jealously at each other to see whether their own group is being left behind. O
19、nce prejudice develops, it is hard to stop, because there are often social forces at work which actively encourage unfounded attitudes of hostility and fear towards other groups. One such force is education: we all know that children can be taught history in such a way as to perpetuate old hatreds a
20、nd old prejudices between racial and political groups. Another social influence that has to be reckoned with is the pressure of public opinion. People often think and act differently in groups from the way that they would do as individuals; it takes a considerable effort of will, and often calls for
21、 great courage, to stand out against ones fellows and insist they are wrong. Why is it that we hear so much more about the failures of relationships between communities than we do about the successes? I am afraid it is partly due to the increase in communications which radio, television and the popu
22、lar press have brought about. In those countries where the media of mass communication are commercial enterprises, they tend to measure success by the size of their audience; and people are more likely to buy a newspaper, for instance, if their attention is caught by something dramatic, something se
23、nsational, or something that arouses their anxiety. The popular press flourishes on “scare headlines“, and popular orators, especially if they are politicians addressing a relatively unsophisticated audience, know that the best way to arouse such an audience is to frighten them. Where there is a rea
24、l or imaginary threat to economic security, this is especially likely to inflame group prejudice. It is important to remember economic factors if we wish to lessen group prejudice, because unless they are dealt with squarely it will be little use simply persuading people not to be prejudiced against
25、 other groups whom they see as their rivals, if not their enemies.6 Which of the following is NOT the source for prejudice between groups?（A）The tendency to blame misfortunes on some outside groups.（B） Fear of the interests of ones own group being threatened.（C） Longstanding hatreds prevailing betwe
26、en racial and political groups.（D）Social forces which encourage unfounded attitudes of hostility towards other groups. 7 What does “they“ in the sentence “they tend to measure success by the size of their audience“ (Para. 3) refer to?（A）Communications.（B） The media of mass communication.（C） Commerci
27、al enterprises.（D）The countries. 8 According to the author, what role do mass media play in the relationships between communities?（A）They draw the audiences attention to prejudice.（B） They cause further social prejudice among audience.（C） They criticize prejudices between racial and political groups
28、.（D）They have done something to lessen prejudice between groups. 9 The author stresses in the passage that if prejudice between groups is to be reduced,（A）efforts should be made to persuade people not to be prejudiced against each other.（B） education should be carried out to enhance the mutual under
29、standing between racial and political groups.（C） economic security should be maintained so that there will no fear that the interests of one group are going to be endangered by the actions of another.（D）public opinion should be directed to the elimination of old hatreds and old prejudices between ra
30、cial and political groups. 10 The word “inflame“ (Para. 4) probably means（A）add.（B） stop.（C） calm.（D）arouse. MBA（英语）阅读理解练习试卷 10 答案与解析一、Section III Reading ComprehensionDirections: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on
31、 ANSWER SHEET 1.【知识模块】 阅读理解1 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 词义题。文章第一段指出，未来几十年，美国将要面临的最紧迫的挑战之一就是如何缓解人类的活动给环境造成的日益严重的压力；由于新的发展项目占据了更多的土地，野生动植物的栖息地正在缩减，或者正在消失；植物和动物的物种正在灭绝，且灭绝的速度比地球历史上任何时候的速度都快；世界多达30%的渔业资源被过度捕捞，过度捕捞资源的情况在继续增长。这说明，该句话表示，人类破坏环境的方式在增加。这与 A 项的意思相符。 B、D 只是该句话的字面意思；C 明显与文章的意思不符。【知识模块】 阅读理解2 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】
32、细节题。文章第三段指出，据估计，未来 20 年，世界对水的利用将增加两倍；中国、印度、北非以及阿拉伯半岛的部分地区已经发生了普遍的缺水现象；对水的需求也对美国的淡水生态系统造成损失；只有 2%的美国河流被认为完好无缺，将近 40%的本地鱼种已经很少见了，即将灭绝。这说明，美国河流不佳的状况可能归因于对水的需求。这与 C 项的意思相符。 A、D 显然与文章的意思不符；文中没有提到 B。 【知识模块】 阅读理解3 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 推论题。文章第四段指出，为了防止传染病在植物、动物以及人类之间的爆发，需要更多地研究病原体、寄生虫以及携带疾病的物种也包括人类以及其他受感染的物种如何受到环
33、境改变的影响；在人类和畜牧动物身上过度使用抗生素已经导致对抗生素产生抗体的微生物的增长。研究人员能够利用遗传学以及计算机领域的新技术去更好地监测并且预测环境的改变可能对疾病的爆发所产生的影响。这说明，作者认为，研究的重要领域应该是污染如何影响环境。这与D 项的意思相符。A、B 和 C 都不是作者的观点。 【知识模块】 阅读理解4 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 推论题。文章最后一段指出，人类已经大大改变了地球的外表，这些改变甚至达到了冰河时期发生的变化水准；这样的改变导致局部和区域性的气候变化，并且将决定农业的未来。这说明，人类已经大大改变了地球的外表。这与D 项的意思相符。A 明显与文章的意思
34、不符；文中没有提到 B；C 与文章最后一段最后一句话的意思不符。 【知识模块】 阅读理解5 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 主旨题。文章指出，由于新的发展项目占据了更多的土地，野生动植物的栖息地正在缩减，或者正在消失；不过，我们有理由对未来充满希望；计算能力的提高以及分子生物学领域的进步就是科学能力取得巨大成就的一部分，这些科学能力的提高正在帮助研究人员更好地了解这些问题；科学和技术的新发展能够为一些重要、及时的行动提供基础；然后具体说明了这些技术的好处。这说明，作者在本文主要强调的是科学技术可能给环境研究带来的好处。这与 C 项的意思相符。文中没有提到 A；B、D 不是作者关注的重点。 【知识
35、模块】 阅读理解【知识模块】 阅读理解6 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 细节题。文章第一段第三句话指出，人们似乎并不怀疑，产生偏见的一个主要原因是恐惧，尤其是担心自己群体的利益将受到另一群体的威胁，这说明 B 是根源。文章第二段第二句话指出，其中的一种力量就是教育，我们都知道，我们可以用这样的方式教孩子们历史，从而使种族和政治群体之间的旧仇恨、旧偏见永久化，这说明 C 也是根源。文章第二段第一句话指出，一旦存有偏见，就很难阻止其发展，因为社会因素经常起作用这些因素会积极助长对其他群体没有理由的敌意和恐惧态度，这说明 D 也是根源。文章第一段第一句话指出，不同群体之间的人们不断发生冲突，人们往往
36、把自己遭受不幸的责任归咎于其他群体，这是一个众所周知的事实，这说明 A 不是根源。 【知识模块】 阅读理解7 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 词义题。文章第三段指出，为什么我们听到的有关群体间关系破裂的例子比关系融洽的例子要多得多呢?我认为，部分原因是由于广播电台、电视台以及主流新闻等所导致的思想交流增加的缘故；在那些大众传播媒体商业企业的国家，人们往往把观众的数量作为衡量成功的标准。这说明，该单词指的应该是“国家”。这与 D 项的意思相符。A、B 和 C 都与文章的意思不符。 【知识模块】 阅读理解8 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 细节题。文章第三段指出，我们听到的有关群体问关系破裂的例子比关
37、系融洽的例子要多得多，这是为什么呢?我认为，部分原因是由于广播电台、电视台以及主流新闻等所导致的思想交流增加的缘故：在那些大众传播媒体商业企业的国家，人们往往把观众的数量作为衡量成功的标准；如果人们的注意力被一些引人注目的、危言耸听的或引起他们不安的事情所吸引，那么他们就更可能去购买报纸；新闻媒体的兴旺是建立在“耸人听闻的标题”上的。这说明，作者认为，媒体加深了人们之间的偏见。这与 B 项的意思相符。文中没有提到 A、D；C 与文章的意思相反。 【知识模块】 阅读理解9 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 细节题。文章最后一段指出，如果经济的安全存在真正或可想象的威胁，那么就极有可能引发群体偏见；如
38、果我们希望减少群体之间的偏见，那么记住经济因素就很重要，因为，如果这些群体没有受到公正的对待，那么仅仅劝告人们不要对其他群体存有偏见的做法将没有丝毫用处因为人们如果不是把其他群体看成是敌人，就是把他们看成是竞争对手。这说明，经济的安全没有威胁的话，就可能减少群体之间的偏见。这与 C 项的意思相符。 A 明显与文章的意思不符；实施教育是引发群体偏见的做法，所以 B 不对；公众舆论也是引发群体偏见的做法，所以 D 也不对。 【知识模块】 阅读理解10 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 词义题。文章第四段第一句话指出，如果经济的安全存在真正或可想象的威胁，那么就极有可能引发群体偏见。这说明，该单词的意思应该是“引发，导致”。这与 D 项的意思相符。A 与文章的意思不符；B、C 项意与文章的意思相反。 【知识模块】 阅读理解
