1、MBA（英语）阅读理解练习试卷 19 及答案与解析一、Section III Reading ComprehensionDirections: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.0 Extraordinary creative activity has been characterized as revolutionary, flying in the fac
2、e of what is established and producing not what is acceptable but what will become accepted. According to this formulation, highly creative activity transcends the limits of an existing form and establishes a new principle of organization. However, the idea that extraordinary creativity transcends e
3、stablished limits is misleading when it is applied to the arts, even though it may be valid for the sciences. Differences between highly creative art and highly creative science arise in part from differences in their goals. For the sciences, a new theory is the goal and end result of the creative a
4、ct. Innovative science produces new propositions in terms of which diverse phenomena can be related to one another in more coherent ways. Such phenomena as a brilliant diamond or a nesting bird are relegated to the role of data, serving as the means for formulating or testing a new theory. The goal
5、of highly creative art is very different: the phenomenon itself becomes the direct product of the creative act. Shakespeares Hamlet is not a tract about the behavior of indecisive princes or the uses of political power, nor is Picassos painting Guernica primarily a propositional statement about the
6、Spanish Civil War or the evils of fascism. What highly creative artistic activity produces is not a new generalization that transcends established limits, but rather an aesthetic particular. Aesthetic particulars produced by the highly creative artist extend or exploit, in an innovative way, the lim
7、its of an existing form, rather than transcend that form.This is not to deny that a highly creative artist sometimes establishes a new principle of organization in the history of an artistic field: the composer Monteverdi, who created music of the highest aesthetic value, comes to mind. More general
8、ly, however, whether or not a composition establishes a new principle in the history of music has little bearing on its aesthetic worth. Because they embody a new principle of organization, some musical works, such as the operas of the Florentine Camerata, are of signal historical importance, but fe
9、w listeners or musicologists would include these among the great works of music. On the other hand, Mozarts The Marriage of Figaro is surely among the masterpieces of music even though its modest innovations are confined to extending existing means. It has been said of Beethoven that he toppled the
10、rules and freed music from the stifling confines of convention. But a close study of his compositions reveals that Beethoven overturned no fundamental rules. Rather, he was an incomparable strategist who exploited limitsthe rules, forms, and conventions that he inherited from predecessors such as Ha
11、ydn and Mozart, Handel and Bach-in strikingly original ways.1 The author considers a new theory that coherently relates diverse phenomena to one another to be the _.（A）basis for reaffirming a well-established scientific formulation（B） byproduct of an aesthetic experience（C） tool used by a scientist
12、to discover a new particular（D）result of highly creative scientific activity 2 The passage supplies information for answering all of the following questions EXCEPT:（A）Has unusual creative activity been characterized as revolutionary?（B） Did Beethoven work within a musical tradition that also include
13、d Handel and Bach?（C） Is Mozarts The Marriage of Figaro an example of a creative work that transcended limits?（D）Who besides Monteverdi wrote music that the author would consider to embody new principles of organization and to be of high aesthetic value? 3 The author regards the idea that all highly
14、 creative artistic activity transcends limits with _.（A）deep skepticism（B） strong indignation（C） marked indifference（D）moderate amusement 4 The author implies that an innovative scientific contribution is one that _.（A）is cited with high frequency in the publications of other scientists（B） is accept
15、ed immediately by the scientific community（C） does not relegate particulars to the role of data（D）introduces a new valid generalization 5 Which of the following statements would most logically conclude the last paragraph of the passage?（A）Unlike Beethoven, however, even the greatest of modern compos
16、ers, such as Stravinsky, did not transcend existing musical forms.（B） In similar fashion, existing musical forms were even further exploited by the next generation of great European composers.（C） Thus, many of the great composers displayed the same combination of talents exhibited by Monteverdi.（D）B
17、y contrast, the view that creativity in the arts exploits but does not transcend limits is supported in the field of literature. 5 When we think of entrepreneurs, most of us imagine dynamic, successful, over-achievers like Bill Gates of Microsoft, Richard Branson of Virgin Airlines, Inc. or Jim Boyl
18、e of Columbia Sportswear, to name a few contemporary heroes. The truth is that we often fail to recognize entrepreneurs all around us: the corner grocery store owner, the family physician who opens a medical practice in our neighborhood, or the young person who delivers the morning paper. Each is cr
19、eating business opportunities through entrepreneurship, although the process of entrepreneurship would be markedly different from each other.According to Jeffery Timmons, author of “New Venture Creation“ (1990), there are three crucial components for a successful new venture: the opportunity, the en
20、trepreneur, and the resources needed to start the company and make it grow. The opportunity is the idea for a new business. The entrepreneur is the person who develops the idea for a business into a business. Resources include money, people and skill. In this unit, we focus on entrepreneurs, one of
21、the critical ingredients for success of a new business: Who are they? What makes them tick?One factor which distinguishes Bill Gates from the morning paper deliverer is the level of business success each desires to achieve. Determining what success means to you is a crucial element in the early stag
22、es of new venture planning. How you measure success in life shapes your views of business opportunities and small business. We begin this unit with a look at success: what it means and how it is measured.Defining Success through Personal Evaluation“Most people spend less time planning their new busi
23、ness than they do their family vacation” (Canadian Small Business,1997). Yet, selecting the right business idea and planning for its success are crucial steps in new venture planning. You will learn more about opportunity identification, or how to find and evaluate business ideas. For now, lets focu
24、s on success.Success is how you define it. What success means to you will not likely be what success means to someone else. Success is very personal and subjective. We usually measure success in one of three ways:Success can be measured in dollars, usually earnings.Success can be measured by the val
25、ue of our possessions, including our home.Success can be measured through our personal values.Whether you define success by money, possessions, personal values or a combination of the three is up to you. How we define success significantly influences our selection of a business to start. Our view of
26、 success becomes our framework for evaluating business opportunities. If we think a business opportunity has the potential to raise us to our desired level of success, we give it further consideration. If not, we usually discard the idea. For example, if the paper deliverer defined success as earnin
27、g $75.00 of spending money per month and he or she was earning $200.00 per month, then they would consider their venture highly successful.Visioning and Goal Setting for Business SuccessPlanning for business success begins with an understanding of ourselves, who we are and where we want to go in our
28、 professional lives. Enrolling in college is one step toward fulfilling our vision of the future. Two processes which are helpful to would-be entrepreneurs are visioning and goal-setting.Success begins with a vision of who we are, what drives us and what we want. This vision of ourselves is the foun
29、dation that will give us guidance and direction in the conduct of our lives and businesses. Visioning involves development of a clear mental picture of what we would like to become in the next five to ten years.Goal-setting involves developing a list of things you would like to achieve in your perso
30、nal or professional livesyour goals. Goal-setting is the action plan for achieving your vision of life. According to the authors of “Canadian Small Business,“ goals should be “SMART,“ i.e. Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Time-oriented.Entrepreneurship begins with an understanding of
31、 who we are and where we want to go. For millions of Canadians, starting a business of their own was the path chosen to get them where they wanted to go. Understanding what success means to you and the level of success you are willing to accept in life is one of the first stages of new venture plann
32、ing. Visioning and goal-setting are tools you can use to develop a clear picture of who you are, where you are going and what you need to do to get there. 6 Whats the subject of this passage?（A）Who is more likely to become a successful entrepreneur?（B） What does it take to be a successful entreprene
33、ur?（C） What does success mean and how is it measured?（D）What is the appropriate way to define success? 7 Whats the difference between Bill Gates and the paper deliverer?（A）The personal quality each possesses.（B） The desire each has for his own business.（C） The level of business success each desires
34、to achieve.（D）The various business opportunities each has an access to. 8 What are the essential elements for a successful new venture?（A）Money, people and skill.（B） Money, possession and personal values.（C） Opportunity, entrepreneur and resources.（D）Opportunity, process and practice. 9 What effect
35、does the definition of success have on ones selection of opening up a business?（A）It helps to determine whether it is necessary to start a business.（B） It helps to decide how great a business success is.（C） It helps to further provide a business opportunity.（D）It helps to evaluate the business poten
36、tial effectively. 10 How do visioning and goal-setting function?（A）They are the first step to draw a new venture plan.（B） They are the measures used to evaluate business achievement.（C） They are the ways for one to direct businesses.（D）They are the tools used to identify oneself and achieve ones pur
37、pose. MBA（英语）阅读理解练习试卷 19 答案与解析一、Section III Reading ComprehensionDirections: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.【知识模块】 阅读理解1 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 前四个选项在文中均未提到，应该排除掉。根据文章第一段中的“Differences between highly cre
38、ative artrelated to one another in more coherent ways.”，不难看出：具有创造性的科研活动的结果就是把不同现象合理地联系起来，只有 D 符合原文的意思。【知识模块】 阅读理解2 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 文中的第一句话就回答了选项 A 的问题。文中最后一句话回答了选项 B 的问题。根据第二段中的“On the other hand,existing means.”可以找到选项C 的答案。第二段的第一句话中只提到了 Monteveredi“who created music of the highest aesthetic value”，因
39、此 D 选项的问题没有得到回答。【知识模块】 阅读理解3 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 从第一段第三句中的 misleading 一词可以推断作者是持怀疑态度的。【知识模块】 阅读理解4 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 首先排除 A 和 B 两个选项，因为文章中根本就没有提及这两方面的问题。根据第一段中的“Innovative science produces new propositions in terms of which diverse phenomena can be related to one another in more coherent ways”，可以推断作者的观点是：创新
40、性科学提出新的命题。根据这些命题，不同的现象可以更加合理地联系起来，也就是说，创新性科研的主要贡献就是“归纳出一种全新的、合理的命题”(即选项 D)。【知识模块】 阅读理解5 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 通过仔细阅读第二段，我们知道 A、C 和 D 这三个选项都不能概括该段的主要意思，只有 B 是合理的选项。【知识模块】 阅读理解【知识模块】 阅读理解6 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 通过阅读全文可以看出，本文主要从如何成功创办新企业、如何给成功下定义、如何给自己定位并为自己确定目标等三方面来阐述一个成功的企业家该做的几件事。A、C 和 D 这三个选项只是文中所提到的三个不同侧面，不能概括全
41、文的意思，只有 B 总结了全文的主题。【知识模块】 阅读理解7 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 第三段的第一句话“One factoris the level of business success each desires to achieve”很清楚地告诉了答案。【知识模块】 阅读理解8 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 从第二段的第一句话“three crucial components for a successful new venture：the opportunity，the entrepreneur ， and the resourcesmake it grow”中可以得出答案。【知识模块】 阅读理解9 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 第二部分(Defining Success through Personal Evaluation)第三段的第二句话“How we define success significantly influences our selection of a business to start”给出了答案。【知识模块】 阅读理解10 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 文章的最后一句话“Visioning and goal-setting are toolsto get there”包含了答案。【知识模块】 阅读理解
