1、MBA（英语）阅读理解练习试卷 21 及答案与解析一、Section III Reading ComprehensionDirections: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.0 As a medium of exchange, money permits the separation of exchange into the two distinct ac
2、ts of buying and selling, without requiring the seller to purchase goods from the person who buys his products, or vice versa. Hence producers who know they will be paid in money, can concentrate on finding the most suitable outlet (销路) for their goods, while buyers who will pay in money, can concen
3、trate on finding the cheapest market for the things they wish to purchase. Specialization, which is vital to an advanced economy, is encouraged, because people whose output is not a complete product but only a part of one in which many others are involved can be paid an amount equivalent to their sh
4、are of the product.Another advantage of money is that it is a measure of valuethat is, it serves as a unit in terms of which the relative values of different products can be expressed. In a barter economy it would be necessary to determine how many plates were worth one hundred weight of cotton, or
5、how many pens should be exchanged for a ton of coal, which would be a difficult and time-consuming (费时的) task. The process of establishing relative values would have to be undertaken for every act of exchange, according to what products were being offered against one another, and according to the tw
6、o parties desires and preferences. If I am trying to barter fish for bananas, for example, a lot would depend on whether the person willing to exchange bananas is or is not keen on fish.Thirdly, money acts as a store of wealth. It is difficult to imagine saving under a barter system. No one engaged
7、on only one stage in the manufacture of a product could save part of his output, since he would be producing nothing complete. Even when a person actually produced a complete product the difficulties would be overwhelming. Most products deteriorate fairly rapidly, either physically or in value, as a
8、 result of long storage; even if storage were possible, the practice of storing products for years on end would involve obvious disadvantagesimagine a coal-miner attempting to save enough coal, which of course is his product, to keep him for life. If wealth could not be saved, or only with great dif
9、ficulty, future needs could not be provided for, or capital accumulated to raise productivity.1 Using money as a medium of exchange means that _.（A）you have to sell something in order to buy something（B） you have to buy something in order to sell something（C） you dont have to buy something in order
10、to sell something（D）the seller and the purchaser are the same person 2 Specialization is encouraged because _.（A）people can use their money to buy whatever they want（B） people do not need to make a complete product for exchange（C） people make a great contribution to the manufacture of a product（D）pe
11、ople cannot use their money to buy whatever they want 3 A barter economy is one in which _.（A）value is decided by weight（B） value is decided by number（C） money is used and goods are not exchanged（D）goods are exchanged and money is not used 4 If one had to save products instead of money, _.（A）this wo
12、uld need years of practice（B） coal, for example, would lose its value（C） they could not be stored for years on end（D）many products would lose their value 5 How many advantages of money are mentioned in this passage?（A）Two.（B） Three.（C） Four.（D）Five. 5 Social change is more likely to occur in societi
13、es where there is mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more g
14、roups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision. In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, ther
15、e are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.Within a society, social change is more likely to occur more frequently and more readily
16、 in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather in values: in what has been learned later in life than what was learned early; in less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites: in the simple elements rather than in the co
17、mplex ones: in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in a strange elements.Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp dichotomies
18、 (一分为二).This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other white counterparts.6 The passage mainly discusses _.（A）two different societies（B） the necessity of social change（C） certain factors that determine the ease with which social changes occur（D）certai
19、n factors that promote social change 7 _ is one of the factors that tend to promote social change.（A）Joint interest（B） Advanced technology（C） Less emotional people（D）Difference in points of view 8 The expression “greater tolerance“ (paragraph 1) refer to _.（A）greater willingness to accept social cha
20、nge（B） quicker adaptation to changing circumstances（C） more respect for different beliefs and behavior（D）greater readiness to agree to different opinions and ideas 9 According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?（A）Social change tends to meet with greater difficulty in basic and emoti
21、onal aspects of society.（B） Disagreement with and argument about conditions tends to slow down social change.（C） Social change is more likely to occur in material aspect of society.（D）Social change is less likely to occur in what people learned when they were young. MBA（英语）阅读理解练习试卷 21 答案与解析一、Section
22、 III Reading ComprehensionDirections: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.【知识模块】 阅读理解1 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 文章第一段第一句话就对货币作为交换媒介下了定义：“货币把买卖两种不同的行为区分开来，因此不要求卖方一定要购买买方的货物。”因此选项C 正确，其余三个选项均不符合该定义，所以不适合本题。【知识模块】
23、 阅读理解2 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 文章第一段最后一句对鼓励“专门化”的原因讲得清楚，即(在商品交换中)生产半成品的人将得到相等于他们应该得到的份额的报酬。其余三个选项均与鼓励“专门化”的原因不相干，所以均不适合本题。【知识模块】 阅读理解3 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 文章第二段清楚地解释了“物物交换经济”，即用一物品去交换等价的另一物品，因此选项 D 正确。选项 A 和 B 说物品的价值是由重量或数量决定的，都不符合文章中对物物交换中价值是如何确定的叙述，故不正确。在物物交换中不使用货币，所以选项 C 也不正确。【知识模块】 阅读理解4 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 文章第三段第
24、五句说：由于长期储藏，大部分的产品无论在质量上还是在价值上都会相当迅速地下降，所以选项 D 正确。【知识模块】 阅读理解5 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 全文共三段，每段谈到一个“advantage” ，第二段开头“Another advantage of money”及最后一段开头“Thirdly”也可说明 B 是正确答案。【知识模块】 阅读理解【知识模块】 阅读理解6 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 此题为中心思想题。文章第一段和第二段首句说明在什么社会以及在社会的什么方面，social change is more likely to occur。第三段说明循序渐进的social chan
25、ge is easier，然后逐一解释原因。因此可以看出，文章分析易发生社会变化的一些决定因素，所以 C 是正确答案。【知识模块】 阅读理解7 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 根据题中的关键词 factors that promote social change 找到第一段第六行的“All these factors tend to promote social change”一句为解题的依据。These factors 即指上文提到的“more different way of”，“more ideas”，“more disagreements in interest”等。将四个选项与这些内容
26、一一对照，即可得出 D 为正确选项。【知识模块】 阅读理解8 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 解此题的关键在于对 tolerance 一词以及对该词所在上下文的理解。tolerance 作“容忍”解。上文提到：社会变化在某些由不同种类的人构成的社会中更易发生，其原因是在这些社会中存在“more ideas”，“more agreements in interest”和“more groups and organizations with different beliefs” 。可见这些社会中的人们对一些不同的想法和行为更为容忍，或更为尊重，因此 A 为正确答案。D 错，它的意思是“更乐意赞同不同的意见和想法 ”。tolerance 在意思上与 respect相近，但不能解释为乐意赞同。【知识模块】 阅读理解9 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 为正确选项。A、C 和 D 三个选项内容与原文内容明显相符，而 B与第一段内容明显相悖，“disagreement and argument”只会“promote social change”，而不会“slow down social change”，因此 B 为正确答案。【知识模块】 阅读理解
