1、管理类专业学位联考英语（阅读理解）历年真题试卷汇编 1 及答案与解析一、Reading Comprehension0 Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachss board as an outside director in January 2000; a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much criticism. But by th
2、e end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldmans compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was taking up too much time, she said.Outside directors are supposed
3、 to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firms board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executives proposals. If the sky, and the share price, is falling, outside directors should be able to give
4、advice based on having weathered their own crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database that covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most li
5、kely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise“ departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increases by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock
6、 is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they “trade up,“ leaving riskier, smal
7、ler firms for larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms w
8、ho want to keep their outside directors through tough time may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.1 According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for_.（A）gaining excessive profits（B） failing to fulfi
9、ll her duty（C） refusing to make compromises（D）leaving the board in tough times2 We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be_.（A）generous investors（B） unbiased executives（C） share price forecasters（D）independent advisers3 According to the researchers from Ohio University, afte
10、r an outside directors surprise departure, the firm is likely to_.（A）become more stable（B） report increased earnings（C） do less well in the stock market（D）perform worse in lawsuits.4 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors_.（A）may stay for the attractive offers from the fir
11、m（B） have often had the records of wrongdoings in the firm（C） are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm（D）will decline incentives from the firm5 The authors attitude toward the role of outside directors is_.（A）permissive（B） positive（C） scornful（D）critical5 Whatever happened to the death of news
12、papers? A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the Internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. Americas Federal trade commission launched a round of talks about how to save
13、 newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize them? It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date.In much of the world there is little sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even American newspa
14、pers, which inhabit the most troubled corner of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same.It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The Am
15、erican Society of News Editors reckons that 12,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can
16、 be pushed further.Newspapers are becoming more balanced business, which a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the Organization for Econ
17、omic Cooperation in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French interference.A “southern“ camp headed by France wants something different: “European economic government“ within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that means politicians intervening in monetary poli
18、cy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the French government have murmured, euro-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonization: e.g. cu
19、rbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs.It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the worlds largest trading block. At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more open to goo
20、ds, capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and make capital benign.16 The EU is faced with so many problems that_.（A）it has more or less lost faith in markets（B） even its supporters begin to feel concerned（C） some
21、 of its member countries plan to abandon euro（D）it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation17 The debate over the EUs single currency is stuck because the dominant powers_.（A）are competing for the leading position（B） are busy handling their won crisis（C） fail to reach an agreement on harmoniza
22、tion（D）disagree on the steps towards disintegration18 To solve the euro problem, Germany proposed that_.（A）EU funds for poor regions be increased（B） stricter regulations be imposed（C） only core members be involved in economic co-ordination（D）voting rights of the EU members be guaranteed.19 The Frenc
23、h proposal of handling the crisis implies that_.（A）poor countries are more likely to get funds（B） strict monetary policy will be applied to poor countries（C） loans will be readily available to rich countries（D）rich countries will basically control Eurobonds20 Regarding the future of the EU, the auth
24、or seems to feel_.（A）pessimistic（B） desperate（C） conceited（D）hopeful20 The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sothebys in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fe
25、tching more than 70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising vertiginous
26、ly since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firmdouble the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together
27、great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.In the weeks and months that followed Mr. Hirsts sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms.Sales of conte
28、mporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector for Chinese contemporary artthey were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the worlds two biggest auction houses, Sothebys and Christies, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed wor
29、ks for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more volatile. But Edward Dolman, Christies chief
30、 executive, says: “Im pretty confident were at the bottom.“What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack
31、of good work to sell. The three Dsdeath, debt and divorce still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.21 In the first paragraph, Damien Hirsts sale was referred to as “a last victory“ because_.（A）the art market had
32、witnessed a succession of victories（B） the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bids（C） Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpieces（D）it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis22 By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable“(Para.3),
33、 the author suggests that_.（A）collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctions（B） people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleries（C） art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extent（D）works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were
34、 not worth buying23 Which of the following statements is NOT true?（A）Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007 to 2008.（B） The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.（C） The market generally went downward in various ways.（D）Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to
35、 come.24 The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are_.（A）auction housesfavorites（B） contemporary trends（C） factors promoting artwork circulation（D）styles representing impressionists25 The most appropriate title for this text could be_.（A）Fluctuation of Art Prices（B） Up-to-date Art Auctions（C） A
36、rt Market in Decline（D）Shifted Interest in Arts管理类专业学位联考英语（阅读理解）历年真题试卷汇编 1 答案与解析一、Reading Comprehension1 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 本题信息点是 MsSimmons was criticized(Simmons 受到批评)，该信息出现在第一段第三句话Simmons was under fire中，其中 under fire 意为“受到攻击”，即“受到批评”之意。根据原因题的解题技巧，我们先看到本句中for having sat on Goldmans compensation commi
37、ttee(在高盛薪酬委员会担任职务)是一个事实陈述；同时，分号“；”表明该句与下句为并列关系，从而我们知道下句how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked(她怎么能让那些巨额奖金支出得以通过而没有引起注意呢?)是她受到批评的原因。由此可见她作为薪酬委员会的成员未能阻止巨额奖金的发放，即：未能很好地履行其职责。所以选项 B 为本题答案。2 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 本题信息点是 outside directors are supposed to be(独立董事应该)，在文章查找该信息点时我们会很容易注意
38、到该信息点 m 现在第二段第一句话中：Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful，yet less biased，advisers on a firms board可以看出 outside director 的身份是有帮助的、不带偏见的顾问。由此我们可以确定选项 D 符合本句语意，为本题答案。另外，如果本句理解有困难，我们再看下旬：Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere，they presumably have enough independence to dis
39、agree with the chief executives proposals(已经，他们有足够的独立性否决首席执行官的动议)，由此可以确认outside directors 的职责就是顾问。3 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 本题信息点是 atter an outside directors surprise departure，the firm is likely to，在文章中查阅该信息，我们找到该信息点出现在文章第三段第三句：so the researchers concentrated on those“surprise”departure ，the probability tha
40、t the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increases by nearly 20The likelihood of being named in a federal classaction lawsuit also increases，and the stock is likely to perlerm worseThe effect tended to be larger for larger firms。研读本句便可以理清 outside director 意外离开后有以下结果：1)重申盈利的可能性增加；2)被联
41、邦集体诉讼的可能性增加；3)股市表现更差。由此可见选项 C 符合文章内容，为本题答案。本题 B 选项和 D 选项都有很强的干扰性，但是他们都犯了“偷换概念”的错误。4 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 本题信息点是 outside directors。我们来到文章最后一段，先逐句理解字面意思，然后整理各相关独立董事语句的信息，最后与本题的各选项对照，并做出选择。本文最后一段共三句话，都与 outside director 有关。第一句是outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if t
42、hey leave a firm before bad news breaks，even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred，大意为：通过提前离开，独立董事很容易规避声誉受损；第二句是 Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough time may have to create incentives，大意为：想留住独立董事的公司可能必须给他们激励：第三句话是 Otherwise o
43、utside directors will follow the example of MsSimmons，once again very popular on campus，大意为：否则独立董事会像 Simmons 一样，又一次在大学受到欢迎。现在把以上三句话所陈述的内容与本题选项对照就会发现选项 A 符合第二句话的内容，为本题答案。5 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 态度题的基本思路是“听其言，观其行”。文章首段便提到 how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked?之后作者又指出：Outside dir
44、ectors are supposed to serve as helpful，yet less biased，advisers on a firms board由此看出作者对 outside director 这种角色持批评的态度。6 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 句意理解题的解答一定要充分利用好其上下文。本句的上文说明了报纸的寿命濒临结束，面临危机；下文提到政府一次次讨论如何挽救报纸。由此可见 San Francisco Chronicle 面临倒闭的厄运。所以本题答案为 D。7 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 本题信息点是 refused delivery to distant subur
45、bs(拒绝向远郊送报)，在文章中查阅该信息点时我们找到该信息点出现在第三段第四句 Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs。本句与上文的 push journalists overboard(解雇记者)、slimmer products(内容缩水)是并列关系，均属报社在艰难时期所采取的措施。根据上下文，报社这些措施都是为了度过艰难时期。因此选项B newspapers wanted to reduce costs 更加符合上下文语意，为本题最佳答案。8 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 本题信息点是 J
46、apanese newspapers are much more stable，在文章中查阅该信息，我们找到该信息点出现在文章第四段最后一句 Not surprisingly,Japanese newspapers are much more stable.根据原因题的解题技巧，我们发现信息点所在的句子并没有陈述原因，同时又没有下一句，于是原因便在上一句陈述：Fully 87 of their revenues came from advertising in 2008，according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation&Develop
47、ment(OECD)In Japan the proportion is 35由此可以看出日本报业更稳定的原因就是和美国报业相比，日本报业收入来自广告的比例较美国低，所以本题答案为 C。9 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 本题信息点是 the current newspaper business。我们来到文章最后一段，先逐句理解字面意思，然后整理各相关信息，最后与本题的各选项对照，并做出选择。第一句是 The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody,but much of the damage has been concen
48、trated in areas where newspapers are least distinctive，大意为：这次报业危机对大家都不好，但是损害主要体现在那些最没有特色的领域；第二句是 Car and film reviewers have gone，大意为：汽车和影评(栏目)没有了；第三旬是 So have science and general business reporters，大意为：科学和一般商业报道也没有了；第四句是 Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off，大意为：驻外办事处严重削减；第五句是Newspapers are le
49、ss complete as a result，大意为：因而报纸内容更不完全；最后一句是 But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business，大意为：但是完全性不再是报业的优势。接下来我们把各句内容与本题选项逐一比对，由此可见选项 A 符合第一句的内容，为本题答案。10 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 主旨题我们大多都可以通过对第一段的理解以及对文章写作手法认知而解决。首段提问、首段独句、转移中心、大众观点、事例开头、类比开头都是我们在前面讲述过的能表述或引出主旨的写作手法。本文第一句 Whatever happened to the death of newspapers?以提问的方式开头，先直截了当地告诉读者本文的话题：报业是否要寿终正寝，第一段最后一句 But the discussions now seem out of date 采用转折的方式，表达关于如何挽救报业的讨论已经过时了，暗示报业尽管遇到了困难，但依然不会到破产的地步。由此我们知道，本文的
