1、翻译硕士英语模拟试卷 15 及答案与解析一、Vocabulary1 The individual TV viewer invariably senses that he or she is _ an anonymous, statistically insignificant part of a huge and diverse audience.（A）everything except（B） anything but（C） no less than（D）nothing more than2 We did hold a meeting yesterday, but you _, so we d
2、id not inform you.（A）did not need attending（B） neednt have attended（C） did not need to attend（D）neednt attend3 The fact that the management is trying to reach agreement _ five separate unions has led to long negotiations.（A）over（B） upon（C） in（D）with4 If you dont eat enough fruit and vegetables, you
3、may suffer from a vitamin _.（A）shortage（B） insufficiency（C） deficiency（D）defect5 The story is about a kindly, generous, cheerful _ who loves and is loved by everyone.（A）misanthrope（B） wanderer（C） entertainer（D）hater6 Language belongs to each member of the society, to the cleaner _ to the professor.（
4、A）as far as（B） the same as（C） as much as（D）as long as7 He sat there for many days in meditation, opening himself up to the truth（A）solace（B） boredom（C） silence（D）contemplation8 It is very plain that such a life as this is far more _ to health than that of the man who can afford little leisure for ne
5、cessary rest in the course of the day.（A）conductive（B） constructive（C） conciliate（D）conducive9 In the next few weeks consumer spending will increase by 7% in America, _ with last year, according to a consumer survey by Deloitte, a consultancy.（A）comparing（B） compared（C） to compare（D）having compared1
6、0 You had the _ situation in which Luxembourg had more listed public bathing beaches than the whole of the United Kingdom.（A）luminous（B） luculent（C） lubricant（D）ludicrous11 Neon light is utilized in airport because it can permeate fog.（A）pass through（B） transmit（C） suspend（D）break up12 She answered
7、with an _ “No“ to the request that she attend the public hearing.（A）eloquent（B） effective（C） emotional（D）emphatic13 The fragrances of many natural substances come from oils, _ these oils may be used in manufacturing perfumes.（A）of（B） whether（C） from（D）and14 Many scientists remain _ about the value o
8、f this research program.（A）sceptical（B） stationary（C） spacious（D）specific15 Confucianism has evolved into a culture of rationalistic traditionalism, a combination of traditional _ and group virtues with a pragmatism shaped by the conditions of a new competitive environment.（A）helm（B） assault（C） fili
9、al（D）derivation16 What the government should do urgently is to take actions to _ the economy.（A）brook（B） blush（C） brood（D）boost17 Your phone can be _ the cigarette lighter socket in your car to get recharge.（A）plugged in（B） plugged into（C） logged on（D）logged on to18 We were struck by the extent _ wh
10、ich teachers decisions served the interests of the school rather than those of the students.（A）to（B） for（C） in（D）with19 The road is laid ahead of him, a _ gray line stretching to the horizon.（A）constant（B） repeated（C） continuous（D）wide20 All the communists _ the people instead of being served by the
11、 people.（A）are supposed to serve（B） are opposed to serving（C） are subjected to serving（D）object to serving二、Reading Comprehension20 In addition to urge to conform which we generate ourselves, there is the external pressure of the various formal and informal groups we belong to, the pressure to back
12、their ideas and attitudes and to imitate their actions. Thus our urge to conform receives continuing, even daily reinforcement. To be sure, the intensity of the reinforcement, like the strength of the urge and the ability and inclination to withstand it, differs widely among individuals. Yet some pr
13、essure is present for everyone. And in one way or another, to some extent, everyone yields to it.It is possible that a new member of a temperance group might object the groups rigid insistence that all drinking of alcoholic beverages is wrong. He might even speak out, reminding them that occasional,
14、 moderate drinking is not harmful, that even the Bible speaks approvingly of it. But the group may quickly let him know that such ideas are unwelcome in their presence. Every time he forgets this, he will be made to feel uncomfortable. In time, if he values their companionship he will avoid expressi
15、ng that point of view. He may even keep himself from thinking.This kind of pressure, whether spoken or unspoken, can be generated by any group, regardless of how liberal or conservative, formal or casual it may be. Friday night poker clubs, churches, political parties, committees, fraternities, unio
16、ns. The teenage gang that steals automobile accessories may seem to have no taboos. But let one uneasy member remark that he is beginning to feel guilty about his crimes and their wrath will descend on him.Similarly, in high school and college, the crowd a student travels with has certain (usually u
17、nstate D) expectations for its members. If they drink or smoke, they will often make the member who does not do so feel that he doesnt fully belong. If a member does not share their views on sex, drugs, studying, cheating, or any other subject of importance to them, they will communicate their displ
18、easure. The way they communicate, of course, may be more or less direct. They may tell him hed better conform “or else“. They may launch a teasing campaign against him. Or they may be even less obvious and leave him out of their activities for a few days until he asks what is wrong or decides for hi
19、mself and resolves to behave more like them.The urge to conform on occasion conflicts with the tendency to resist change. If the group we are in advocates an idea or action that is new and strange to us, we can be torn between seeking their acceptance and maintaining the security of familiar ideas a
20、nd behavior. In such cases, the way we tuna will depend on which tendency is stronger in us or which value we are more committed to. More often, however, the two tendencies do not conflict but reinforce each other. For we tend to associate with those whose attitudes and actions are similar to our ow
21、n.21 The writer most probably discusses _ in the previous part of the text.（A）advantages that conformity brings us（B） internal urge we have to conform with others（C） the definition of conformity（D）the necessity of conformity22 You may experience external pressure to conform _.（A）when you conceal you
22、r points of view（B） from the time when you were born（C） when your opinions are different from those of the group to which you belong（D）when you face something new23 A temperance group is _.（A）an organization that advocates drinking of alcoholic beverages（B） an organization that urges people to stop
23、drinking alcoholic liquors（C） an organization in which all members have no taboos to drink alcoholic beverages（D）an organization in which all drivers are not allowed to drink alcoholic liquors24 If you refuse to give up your ideas which are different from the others in the group you belong to, _.（A）
24、you will be tom apart by the others（B） their wrath will descend on you（C） you will gradually be deserted by them（D）you will resolve to behave more like them25 The main topic of this text is _.（A）the external pressure which urges us to conform with others（B） both the internal and external urge we hav
25、e to conform with others（C） the urge and the tendency for us to conform with others（D）the generation of the external urge for us to conform with others25 The premise with which the multiculturalists begin is unexceptional: that it is important to recognize and to celebrate the wide range of cultures
26、 that exist in the United States. In what sounds like a reflection of traditional American pluralism, the multiculturalists argue that we must recognize difference, that difference is legitimate; in its kindlier Versions, multiculturalism represents the discovery on the part of minority groups that
27、they can play a part in molding the larger culture even as they are molded by it. And on the campus multiculturalism, defined more locally as the need to recognize cultural variations among students, has tried with some success to talk about how a racially and ethnically diverse student body can enr
28、ich everyones education.Phillip Green, a political scientist at Smith and a thoughtful proponent of multiculturalism, notes that for a significant portion of the students the politics of identity is all-consuming. Students, he says, “are unhappy with the thin gruel of rationalism. They require a the
29、rapeutic curriculum to overcome not straightforward racism but ignorant stereotyping. “But multiculturalisms hard-liners, who seem to make up the majority of the movement, damn as racism any attempt to draw the myriad of American groups into a common American culture. For these multiculturalists, di
30、fferences are absolute, irreducible, and intractable-occasions not for understanding but for separation. The multiculturalists, it turns out, is not especially interested in the great American hyphen, in the syncretistic (and therefore naturally tolerant) identities that allow Americans to belong to
31、 more than a single culture, to be both particularizes and universalisms.The time-honored American mixture of assimilation and traditional allegiance is denounced as a danger to racial and gender authenticity. This is an extraordinary reversal of the traditional liberal commitment to a “truth“ that
32、transcends parochialisms. In the new race/class/gender formation, universality is replaced by, among other things, feminist science Nubian numerals (as part of an A, fro-centric science), and what Marilyn Frankenstein of the University of Massachusetts-Boston describes as “ethno-mathematics,“ in whi
33、ch the cultural basis of counting comes to the fore.The multiculturalists insist on seeing all perspectives as tainted by the perceivers particular point of view. Impartial knowledge, they argue, is not possible, because ideas are simply the expression of individual identity, or of the unspoken but
34、inescapable assumptions that are inscribed in a culture or a language. The problem, however, with this warmed-over Nietzscheanism is that it threatens to leave no ground for anybody to stand on, so the multiculturalists make a leap, necessary for their own intellectual survival, and proceed to argue
35、 that there are some categories, such as race and gender, that do in fact embody an unmistakable knowledge of oppression. Victims are at least epistemologically lucky. Objectivity is a mask for oppression. And so an appalled former 1960s radical complained to me that self-proclaimed witches were tea
36、ching classes on witchcraft. “Theyre not teaching students how to think,“ she said, “theyre telling them what to believe.“26 Which one of the following ideas would multiculturalists NOT believe?（A）That we should recognize and celebrate the differences among the many cultures in the United States.（B）
37、 That we can never know the “truth“ because “truth“ is always shaped by ones culture.（C） That “difference“ is more important than “sameness.“（D）Those different cultures should work to assimilate themselves into the mainstream culture so that eventually there will be no excuse for racism.27 According
38、 to a hard-line multiculturalists, which one of the following groups is most likely to know the “truth“ about political reality?（A）Educated people who have learned how to see reality from many different perspectives.（B） A minority group that has suffered oppression at the hands of the majority.（C） H
39、igh government officials who have privileged access to secret information.（D）Political scientists who have thoroughly studied the problem.28 The author states that in a “kindlier version“ of multiculturalism, minorities discover “that they can play a part in molding the larger culture even as they a
40、re molded by it.“ If no new ethnic groups were incorporated into the American culture for any centuries to come, which one of the following would be the most probable outcome of this “kindlier version“?（A）At some point in the future, there would be only one culture with no observable ethnic differen
41、ces.（B） Eventually the dominant culture would overwhelm the minority cultures, which would then lose their ethnic identities.（C） The multiplicity of ethnic groups would remain but the characteristics of the different ethnic groups would change.（D）The smaller ethnic groups would remain, and they woul
42、d retain their ethnic heritag29 The author speaks about the “politics of identity“ that Philip Green, a political scientist at Smith, notes is all-consuming for many of the students : considering the subject of the passage, which one of the following best describes what the author means by “the poli
43、tics of identity“?（A）The attempt to discover individual identities through political action（B） The political agenda that aspires to create a new pride of identity for Americans（C） The current obsession for therapy groups that help individuals discover their inner selves（D）The trend among minority st
44、udents to discover their identities in their ethnic groups rather than in their individuality30 Which one of the following best describes the attitude of the writer toward the multicultural movement?（A）Tolerant. It may have some faults, but it is well-meaning overall.（B） Critical. A formerly admirab
45、le movement has been taken over by radical intellectuals.（C） Disinterested. He seems to be presenting an objective report.（D）Enthusiasti. The author embraces the multiculturalists movement and is trying to present it in a favorable light.31 “Multiculturalists relativism“ is the notion that there is
46、no such thing as impartial or objective knowledge. The author seems to be grounding his criticism of this notion on _.（A）the clear evidence that science has indeed discovered “truths“ that have been independent of both language and culture.（B） the conclusion that relativism leaves one with no clear
47、notions of any one thing that is true.（C） the absurdity of claiming that knowledge of oppression is more valid than knowledge of scientific facts.（D）the agreement among peoples of all cultures as to certain undeniable truths e,g., when the sky is clear, day is warmer than night.31 I expect this cour
48、se to open my eyes to story material, to unleash my too dormant imagination, to develop that quality utterly lacking in my naturea sense of form. I do not expect to acquire much technique. I expect to be able to seize upon the significant, reject the trivial. I hope to acquire a greater love for hum
49、anity in all its forms.I have long wondered just what my strength was as a writer. I am often filled with tremendous enthusiasm for a subject, yet my writing about it will seem a sorry attempt. Above all, I possess a driving sinceritythat prime virtue of any creative worker. I write only what I believe to be the absolute trutheven if I must ruin the theme in so doing. In this respect I feel far superior to those glib people in my classes who often ga
