1、翻译硕士英语模拟试卷 21 及答案与解析一、Vocabulary1 Countries bordered by the sea have a pleasant_climate because the sea warms the coast in winter and cools it in summer.（A）arboreal（B） aquatic（C） maritime（D）ocean2 Many political problems are so complicated that the layman cannot see the wood _the trees.（A）of（B） from
2、（C） for（D）with3 When_, many racists cannot give a logical reason for their attitudes towards other racial groups.（A）questioning（B） having been questioned（C） having questioned（D）questioned4 Gulf officials say an affluent lifestyle is bleeding the region s heavily _water supplies.（A）subsidized（B） camp
3、aigned（C） salinated（D）unwarranted5 The universe is organized in_with, in many cases, pretty wide gaps between them.（A）uniformities（B） enunciation（C） promulgation（D）aggregates6 The salon was the most elegant room Madeline had ever seen, despite its_.（A）annotation（B） parlance（C） relegance（D）austerity7
4、 Since the World Wide Web was created in 1990, the only way to get onto the internet has been through a computer, a costly box that_people as much today as the telephone did 50 years ago.（A）discourages（B） consoles（C） daunts（D）initiates8 There are plenty of expensive and exclusive clubs the world ove
5、r who can annually relieve you_large quantities of money in exchange for the use of their carefully tended ground.（A）off（B） from（C） away（D）of9 The art of pleasing is a very necessary one to possess, but a very difficult one to acquire, for it can hardly be_to rules.（A）deduced（B） conduced（C） reduced（
6、D）induced10 National poverty was_by rapid population growth.（A）strengthened（B） reinforced（C） aggravated（D）reduced11 _the Foreign Minister but the Prime Minister too.（A）They not only saw（B） They saw not only（C） Not only did they see（D）Not only they saw12 Investors said they were “ surprised and encou
7、raged“ by the sentiment, although other shareholders seemed_to having Prosser in the role.（A）resilient（B） resolute（C） resounding（D）resigned13 Although I tried to concentrate on the lecture, I was _ by the noise from the next room.（A）dissuaded（B） averted（C） repressed（D）distracted14 It wasn t so much
8、that I disliked her _ that I just wasn t interested in the whole business.（A）rather（B） so（C） than（D）as15 The number of registered participants in this year s marathon was half_.（A）of last year s（B） those of last year s（C） of those of last year（D）that of last year s16 _Americans groan about high taxe
9、s, most accept that it would be unethical not to pay the taxes owed.（A）While（B） If（C） Wherever（D）Provided17 The area qualifies for_as a site of special scientific interest.（A）constellation（B） vicinity（C） designation（D）remnant18 He was so_by his work that he did not notice that other employees had al
10、ready left.（A）prevailed（B） predominated（C） prescribed（D）preoccupied19 It was absurd that women_be paid less than men for doing the same work.（A）should（B） are to（C） ought（D）would20 When it was published in 1959, Robert Frank s book, The American, _hostility in the United States.（A）is meeting the（B） h
11、as been met（C） was met with（D）will meet it二、Reading Comprehension20 The increase in leisure time, the higher standard of living, the availability of cars to a wider range of the population and, perhaps, a broadening of personal horizons have all contributed to a drastic change in the summer week-end
12、 habits of the British public.Now, on most Saturdays in the months loosely called summer, it is possible to see family saloons loaded with picnics and crammed to bursting with several generations of pleasure-bent Smiths. Like competitors in some grossly disorganized rally, they nose their way throug
13、h the neat drab streets of council estates, converging on the main roads, then crawl as best they can out into the open country and towards the coast.Congestion and the frustration of wasting precious time at the receiving end of someone else s exhaust fumes gets the pursuit of enjoyment off to bad
14、start; tempersbecome frayed. Children, traditionally the target for fathers ill-humor, are singled out for special treatment. The past week s misdeeds are unearthed and magnified out of all reasonable proportion; mothers leap to their broods defense and, before long, vows that never again will this
15、outing be repeated are being hurled back and forth. Of course, by this time, the children have wisely extracted themselves from the argument and are quietly amusing themselves by looking at their irate elders or gaping at the unfamiliar sight of animals in fields, often so much stranger to them than
16、 the corresponding naked shapes they are wont to see in butchers windows.Eventually, tempers partially restored, the sea is in sight. The paraphernalia of enjoyment is set up on teeming beach, sand mysteriously appears in every sandwich, pale industrial legs are exposed in self-conscious nakedness.T
17、he children drift away, quite capable of finding enough magic in this exciting, watery world to occupy them fully until they are gathered in again. Fathers and mothers, and quite possibly some members of a previous generation, settle back to receive the sun and dream away the tensions brought to a c
18、limax by the journey. Fathers eye with furtive lustfulness and mothers glare with disapproval and envy as the shapely matrons of tomorrow splash and play and race coquettishly around them, spraying water and sand and disturbing any hopes of peace.At length the shadows drop and chill in the air bring
19、s an end to the idyll. The lobster skin is painfully covered up and the day s debris half-heartedly collected. The family is rounded up and the brief dreams trodden into the sand along with the wasted paper.21 The writer suggests that tempers become frayed because_.（A）there are too many careless dri
20、vers on the roads（B） there are too many cars on the roads（C） the cars are crowded（D）the children are irritating22 How do the fathers react when angry?（A）They stop the children misbehaving.（B） They complain about the children s wrongdoing.（C） They are easy to quarrel with the mothers.（D）They shout at
21、 their wives.23 What do they find when they finally stop?（A）There are sandwich stalls erected there.（B） There are factory workers sunbathing.（C） The beach is very crowded.（D）The beach is covered with a lot of paraphernalia.24 Why are mothers liable to give disapproving looks?（A）They resent their hus
22、bands admiration of the intruders.（B） They are angry at being disturbed when they want peace and quiet.（C） They haven t yet recovered from the effects of the journey.（D）They are jealous because these people are in better shape than they are.25 When they prepare to leave, they_.（A）carefully pack away
23、 the lobsters they have caught（B） put plasters on the places where they have been hurt（C） cover over their debris with waste paper（D）dress carefully to avoid any further irritation25 Every market activity is an investment in time, energy and money. Few companies would spend a large sum of money on,
24、say, a purchase of capital equipment without a full investigation into why it is needed, the choices available, and the expected return on what has been spent. Yet every year the vast majority of companies invest a large amount of money in marketing actions without knowing what their financial worth
25、 to the company or likely return will be. By introducing the disciplines arising from market planning, a company should be able to ensure that the costs of marketing planning show a reasonable return and are calculated in the same way as all other business investments.Many managers believe that the
26、costs of marketing form an additional expense that has to be accepted in order to sell their goods. Whilst it is true that many companies use certain tools of marketing for this purpose, it is also true that the most successful companies accept marketing as an essential part of the company s total c
27、ommercial operation, for it is an essential cost in the same way as production or finance.Companies often avoid planning marketing procedures in detail because of the effort needed to express their forward policy in a written form. Managers commonly consider that their time is too valuable to spend
28、on anything other than urgent operational problems. In fact, the manager who spends his time on dealing with current administrative detail is almost certain to have ignored proper planning in the past. For, if properly prepared, the marketing plan will contain sufficient details of the company s pol
29、icy and operational strategy for the work to be done by an assistant. As the many alternative courses of action are programmed, the assistant takes any actions or decisions which are appropriate. Only unusual situations need be dealt with by the manager.The first step in preparing a marketing plan i
30、s that of producing the information necessary for decision making. Usually, a company will have within its own administration and control system the raw material necessary for the plan s foundations. In addition, there is plenty of published information which is made available by government departme
31、nts, institutions and the press.Marketing research is yet to be fully exploited by the majority of companies. It has so far only been used by companies that have recognized that their existing information sources are inadequate. Because of the scale of operations that now confronts the typical busin
32、essman, it is essential that investment decisions are based upon relevant information, so reducing the business risk.For a marketing-oriented activity to produce lasting results the entire operation has to be systematically planned. By producing basic information in written form and establishing aim
33、s for the future, the company is creating standards against which actual performance can be measureD. Documentation of detailed policy actions then provides the basis for controlling the company s operation. Future trends may be predicted through the investigation of all factors likely to influence
34、company results.26 The amount of money spent on marketing by most companies each year_.（A）equals the amount spent on capital equipment（B） does not give a good return on the investment（C） is not based on an assessment of its potential value（D）is viewed by these companies as an important business inve
35、stment27 Managers usually regard the costs of marketing as_.（A）something which increases the cost of goods（B） helpful but not essential to a company s success（C） less important than investment in production（D）an unnecessary extra business cost28 Why are marketing plans not written down by many manag
36、ers?（A）They do not have time to do it.（B） They know it would be difficult to do.（C） They never follow any particular marketing plan.（D）They do not think it is really necessary29 Good marketing procedures allow a manager_.（A）to take different courses of action（B） to do less work than others（C） to avo
37、id unforeseen problems（D）to give more responsibility to others30 How should a manager begin writing a marketing plan?（A）By doing market research outside the company.（B） By looking at information produced by other companies.（C） By analyzing procedures already used by the company.（D）By finding informa
38、tion from many different sources.30 In addition to urge to conform which we generate ourselves, there is the external pressure of the various formal and informal groups we belong to, the pressure to back their ideas and attitudes and to imitate their actions. Thus our urge to conform receives contin
39、uing, even daily reinforcement. To be sure, the intensity of the reinforcement, like the strength of the urge and the ability and inclination to withstand it, differs widely among individuals. Yet some pressure is present for everyone. And in one way or another, to some extent, everyone yields to it
40、.It is possible that a new member of a temperance group might object the group s rigid insistence that all drinking of alcoholic beverages is wrong. He might even speak out, reminding them that occasional, moderate drinking is not harmful, that even the Bible speaks approvingly of it. But the group
41、may quickly let him know that such ideas are unwelcome in their presence. Every time he forgets this, he will be made to feel uncomfortable. In time, if he values their companionship he will avoid expressing that point of view. He may even keep himself from thinking.This kind of pressure, whether sp
42、oken or unspoken, can be generated by any group, regardless of how liberal or conservative, formal or casual it may be. Friday night poker clubs, churches, political parties, committees, fraternities, unions. The teenage gang that steals automobile accessories may seem to have no taboos. But let one
43、 uneasy member remark that he is beginning to feel guilty about his crimes and their wrath will descend on him.Similarly, in high school and college, the crowd a student travels with has certain ( usually unstate D)expectations for its members. If they drink or smoke, they will often make the member
44、 who does not do so feel that he doesn t fully belong. If a member does not share their views on sex, drugs, studying, cheating, or any other subject of importance to them, they will communicate their displeasure. The way they communicate, of course, may be more or less direct. They may tell him he
45、d better conform “or else“. They may launch a teasing campaign against him. Or they may be even less obvious and leave him out of their activities for a few days until he asks what is wrong or decides for himself and resolves to behave more like them.The urge to conform on occasion conflicts with th
46、e tendency to resist change. If the group we are in advocates an idea or action that is new and strange to us, we can be torn between seeking their acceptance and maintaining the security of familiar ideas and behavior. In such cases, the way we turn will depend on which tendency is stronger in us o
47、r which value we are more committed to. More often, however, the two tendencies do not conflict but reinforce each other. For we tend to associate with those whose attitudes and actions are similar to our own.31 The writer most probably discusses_in the previous part of the text.（A）advantages that c
48、onformity brings us（B） internal urge we have to conform with others（C） the definition of conformity（D）the necessity of conformity32 You may experience external pressure to conform_.（A）when you conceal your points of view（B） from the time when you were born（C） when your opinions are different from th
49、ose of the group to which you belong（D）when you face something new33 A temperance group is_.（A）an organization that advocates drinking of alcoholic beverages（B） an organization that urges people to stop drinking alcoholic liquors（C） an organization in which all members have no taboos to drink alcoholic beverages（D）an organization in which all drivers are not allowed to drink alcoholic liquors34 If you refuse to give
