1、翻译硕士英语模拟试卷 17 及答案与解析一、Vocabulary1 Even before the train had come to a stop, the massive onslaught of bodies engulfed us from all sides.（A）plunging（B） outpouring（C） striking（D）withdrawing2 Even though he knew that his mother had been ill, he did not have the propriety to write her.（A）decency（B） poste
2、rity（C） apathy（D）eulogy3 Inflation has surged in recent months due to double-digit spike in sensitive food prices blamed on shortages of pork and other basic goods.（A）sharp rise（B） dramatic drop（C） regular increase（D）anticipated decrease4 The tables in this display are on sale because they have a fe
3、w imperfections in the finish.（A）defects（B） suspects（C） rejects（D）reflects5 Indigenous Australians believe that reconciliation is necessary but the government should, most importantly, make a formal apology for what they did in the past.（A）conflict（B） confrontation（C） rapprochement（D）reconnaissance6
4、 He sat there for many days in meditation, opening himself up to the truth（A）solace（B） boredom（C） silence（D）contemplation7 The Ministry of Science and Technology also said in July that an independent watch-dog will be created to scrutinize the use of research funds.（A）criticize with bias（B） justify
5、with evidence（C） provide with assistance（D）examine with great care8 The basis of this consensus is a belief that improved relations with the U. S. would serve Iranian interests on a variety of fronts, including Iraq, Afghanistan, oil production, foreign investment and Iran s nuclear energy program.（
6、A）agreement reached by a group as a whole（B） opinion accepted by the majority（C） view held by the minority（D）perspective ignored by most people9 The pope upset two large sections of Turkish society with a lecture on September 12th in which he quoted a Byzantine emperor who suggested that Islam had e
7、ngendedred nothing but violence.（A）resisted（B） withheld（C） caused（D）endured10 Correction of the student s aberrant pronunciation is a continual, on-going process, not something reserved for lessons or exercises in pronunciation.（A）habitual（B） familiar（C） conventional（D）nonstandard11 Most of_archaeol
8、ogists know about prehistoric cultures is based on studies of material remains.（A）these（B） what（C） which（D）their12 The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboring country, _by the police each time.（A）had been captured（B） being always captured（C） only to be captured（D）u
9、nfortunately captured13 The scheme was_when it was discovered it would be very costly.（A）resigned（B） surrendered（C） released（D）abandoned14 It is bad manner to_other people behind their backs.（A）do up（B） do by（C） do away with（D）do down15 No one was absent from the meeting,_?（A）was she（B） weren t she（
10、C） were they（D）weren t they16 My wealthy aunt exceeds the trait of being economical. She is so _that she washes paper plates to be used again.（A）affluent（B） parsimonious（C） indigent（D）selfish17 He was fired because of his_refusal to follow orders.（A）obstinate（B） obstructive（C） obscure（D）obsessive18
11、The idea of a balanced diet is very difficult to put_to someone who knows nothing about food values.（A）over（B） aside（C） along（D）across19 I was standing waiting for a bus, _between two old ladies and their bags of shopping.（A）wedged（B） mingled（C） primed（D）stuffed20 It is very plain that such a life a
12、s this is far more _to health than that of the man who can afford little leisure for necessary rest in the course of the day.（A）conductive（B） constructive（C） conciliate（D）conducive21 Roy, who was supposed to on a diet, kept making_trips to the kitchen to nibbleon this and that, whenever he thought n
13、o one would notice.（A）respite（B） surreptitious（C） secret（D）merry22 Since 1813 reaction to Jane Austen s novels has oscillated between _ and condescension ; but in general later writers have esteemed her works more highly than did most of her literary contemporaries.（A）dismissal（B） adoration（C） disap
14、proval（D）indifference23 Prices reach equilibrium at the level at which quantity demanded _ quantity supplied.（A）is equal to（B） equal（C） equals to（D）is equal24 Can you believe that I won the photo contest with the_of the two pictures that was most esthetic, even though I only tried to hang them where
15、 there were nails（A）autonomy（B） cynicism（C） conglomerate（D）dexterity25 Sharon as supposed to be here at nine o clock, she_about our meeting.（A）would have forgotten（B） should have forgotten（C） ought to have forgotten（D）must have forgotten26 In the next few weeks consumer spending will increase by 7%
16、in America,_with last year, according to a consumer survey by Deloitte, a consultancy.（A）comparing（B） compared（C） to compare（D）having compared27 They reported the loss and gave all the necessary_to the police.（A）happenings（B） qualifications（C） characteristics（D）particulars28 In Hong Kong s huge Ocea
17、n Terminal shopping complex Prudential has opened a shop alongside _fashion brands such as Prada and Ralph Lauren.（A）inspiring（B） operational（C） aspirational（D）mind-bending29 “Common language“ here usually means a foreign language, but the same point applies in principle _any encounter with unfamili
18、ar dialects or styles within a single language.（A）to（B） for（C） with（D）on30 New research raises new concerns that altering crops to withstand such threats may pose new risks from_the weeds themselves.（A）anything but（B） other than（C） more than（D）none other than二、Reading Comprehension31 There are a num
19、ber of paradoxical statements in the author s self-analysis. Identify two of them and explain.31 Most students arrive at college using“discrete, concrete and absolute categories to understand people, knowledge, and values. “ These students live with a dualistic view, seeing “the world in polar terms
20、 of we-right-good vs. other-wrong-bad. “ These students cannot acknowledge the existence of more than one point of view toward any issue. There is one “ right“ way. And because these absolutes are assumed by or imposed on the individual from external authority, they cannot be personally substantiate
21、d or authenticated by experience. These students are slaves to the generalizations of their authorities. An eye for an eye! Capital punishment is apt justice for murder. The Bible says so.Most students break through the dualistic stage to another equally frustrating stagemultiplicity. Within this st
22、age, students see a variety of ways to deal with any given topic or problem. However, while these students accept multiple points of view, they are unable to evaluate or justify them. To have an opinion is everyone s right. While students in the dualistic stage are unable to produce evidence to supp
23、ort what they consider to be self-evident absolutes, students in the multiplistic stage are unable to connect instances into coherent generalizations. Every assertion, every point, is valid. In their democracy they are directionless. Capital punishment? What sense is there in answering one murder wi
24、th another?The third stage of development finds students living in a world of relativism. Knowledge is relative : right and wrong depend on the context. No longer recognizing the validity of each individual idea or action, relativists examine everything to find its place in an overall framework. Whi
25、le the multiplist views the world as unconnected, almost random, the relativist seeks always to place phenomena into coherent larger patterns. Students in this stage view the world analytically. They appreciate authority for its expertise, using it to defend their own generalizations. In addition, t
26、hey accept or reject ostensible authority after systematically evaluating its validity. In this stage, however, students resist decision making. Suffering the ambivalence of finding several consistent and acceptable alternatives, they are almost overwhelmed by diversity and need means for managing i
27、t. Capital punishment is appropriate justicein some instances.In the final stage students manage diversity through individual commitment. Students do not deny relativism. Rather they assert an identity by forming commitments and assuming responsibility for them. They gather personal experience into
28、a coherent framework, abstract principles to guide their actions, and use these principles to discipline and govern their thoughts and actions. The individual has chosen to join a particular community and agrees to live by its tenets. The accused has had the benefit of due process to guard his civil
29、 rights, a jury of peers has found him guilty, and the state has the right to end his life. This is a principle my community and I endorse.32 Students who are “dualistic“ thinkers may not be able to support their beliefs convincingly because _.（A）most of their beliefs cannot be supported by argument
30、s（B） they have accepted their “truths“ simply because authorities have said these things are true（C） they half-believe and half-disbelieve just about everything（D）their teachers almost always think that “dualistic“ thinkers are wrong33 Which one of the following assertions is supported by the passag
31、e?（A）Committed thinkers are not very sure of their positions.（B） Relativistic thinkers have learned how to make sense out of the world and have chosen their own positions in it.（C） Multiplicity thinkers have difficulty understanding the relationships between different points of view.（D）Dualistic thi
32、nkers have thought out the reasons for taking their positions.34 In paragraph two, the author states that in their “democracy“ students in the multiplicity stage are directionless. The writer describes multiplicity students as being in a “democracy“ because（A）there are so many different kinds of peo
33、ple in a democracy（B） in an “ideal“ democracy, all people are considered equal; by extension, so are their opinions（C） Democrats generally do not have a good sense of direction（D）in a democracy the individual has ultimate authority over himself, not the state35 Which one of the following kinds of th
34、inking is NOT described in the passage?（A）People who assume that there is no right or wrong in any issue（B） People who make unreasoned commitments and stick by thorn（C） People who believe that right or wrong depends on the situation（D）People who think that all behavior can be accounted for by cause
35、and effect relationships36 Which one of the following best describes the organization of the passage?（A）Four methods of thought are compared and contrasted.（B） It is shown how each of four types of thought evolved from each other.（C） Four methods of thought are presented, and each is shown to comple
36、ment the other.（D）The evolution of thought through four stages is presented, and each stage is illustrated by how it views capital punishment.36 The value of heat for the preservation of food has been known for thousands of years, but it was not realized until the nineteenth century that a very mild
37、 heat treatment far below the boiling point, made liquid foods such as milk keep much longer. The discovery followed the work of the French scientist Louis Pasteur on wine and beer.The process, called after him “pasteurization“ , is a carefully controlled mild heat treatment. It was found that the p
38、rocess served two purposes, it prevented the souring of milk, and it destroyed the dangerous disease germs which sometimes occur in this product.It has long been known to bacteria experts that the tubercle bacillus is the germ in milk which host strongly resists heat treatment. To destroy this organ
39、ism it is necessary to heat milk to about 60 degrees centigrade for 15 minutes, and its destruction has always been taken as a way of testing the efficiency of pasteurization. A heat treatment of this kind destroys about 99 percent of the common bacteria in milk, including nearly all those which cau
40、se milk to turn sour.To ensure the certain destruction of tuberculosis and other disease germs in milk, it must be held at a fixed temperature for a fixed time. In Britain, for example, these conditions were defined-coy law in 1923 as 63 -66 degrees centigrade for 30 minutes. This became known as th
41、e “holder“ process, since the raw milk had to be pumped into a large tank, heated to just over 63 degrees centigrade, held in the tank for half an hour and then pumped out and cooled. This was a slow process and required a very large plant, so scientists worked for many years to produce a simpler, m
42、ore convenient method, with less large equipment.The latest method, officially approved in Britain in 1949, is known as the high-temperature-short-time, or H. T. S. T. method. It has now almost entirely replaced the “holder“ process. In the H. T. S. T. system, the milk flows continuously through man
43、y sections of thin stainless steel pipes, During the process, the milk is held at 72 degrees centigrade for at least 15 seconds then, as it-cools , the heat is used, in part, to raise the temperature of the incoming milk in a device called a “wheat exchanger“.Efficient pasteurization may reduce the
44、bacteria in raw milk from, say, one million to only a few thousand per cubic centimeter. The bacteria left are chemically mostly of the inert type, thatis, they either do not.37 According to the passage, pasteurization refers to_.（A）the heat treatment of milk（B） heating liquid to 100 degrees centigr
45、ade（C） the heat treatment to destroy all the common bacteria（D）heating objects to a fixed temperature for a fixed time38 How is it tested whether a milk pasteurization is efficient or not?（A）By testing the heating temperature.（B） By testing the quantity of bacillus causing tuberculosis.（C） By testin
46、g the time duration of heating（D）All of the above.39 According to the passage, the new H. T. S. T. method differs from the “holder“ process in_.（A）higher rate of bacteria destruction（B） different temperature requirements（C） the ease with which it is operated（D）the amount of energy preserved40 Which
47、of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?（A）Pasteurization process is named after a French scientist.（B） Tubercle bacillus accounts for the largest number among all germs in milk.（C） Heating temperature may vary according to different processing methods.（D）Neither of the past
48、eurization methods mentioned in the passage can 100% reduce bacteria in raw milk.41 The whole passage is organized by_.（A）comparing and contrasting two concepts（B） relating the development of a technology（C） defining a concept first and then explaining it（D）introducing a problem first and then givin
49、g its solution41 If you had asked me then if I would accept a job as a restaurant critic for The New York Times, or any established publication, I would have replied, without a second thought, “ Of course not “ And not just because I did not want to think of myself as an ambitious sort. Working in restaurants was honest labor; anyone could see that. Writing about them for the mainstream press was not; it felt like joining the enemy.But reviewing was fun, so
