1、考研英语模拟试卷 285 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 College sports in the United States are a huge deal. Almost all major American universities have football, baseball, basketball and h
2、ockey programs, and【1】millions of dollars each year to sports. Most of them earn millions【2】as well, in television revenues, sponsorships. They also benefit【3】from the added publicity they get via their teams. Big-name universities【4】each other in the most popular sports. Football games at Michigan
3、regularly【5】crowds of over 20, 000. Basketballs national collegiate championship game is a TV【6】on a par with any other sporting event in the United States,【7】perhaps the Super Bowl itself. At any given time during fall or winter one can【8】ones TV set and see the top athletic programs from schools l
4、ike Michigan, UCLA, Duke and Stanford 【9】in front of packed houses and national TV audiences.The athletes themselves are【10】and provided with scholarships. College coaches identify【11】 teenagers and then go into high schools to【12】the countrys best players to attend their universities. There are str
5、ict rules about【13】coaches can recruit no recruiting calls after 9 p. m., only one official visit to a campus but they are often bent and sometimes【14】. Top college football programs 【15】scholarships to 20 or 30 players each year, and those student-athletes, when they arrive【16】campus, receive free
6、housing, tuition, meals, books, etc.In return, the players【17 】the program in their sport. Football players at top colleges【18】two hours a day, four days a week from January to April. In summer, its back to strength and agility training four days a week until mid-August, when camp【19】and preparation
7、 for the opening of the September-to-December season begins【20】. During the season, practices last two or three hours a day from Tuesday to Friday. Saturday is game day. Mondays are an officially mandated day of rest.（A）attribute（B） distribute（C） devote（D）attach （A）out（B） by（C） in（D）back （A）apparent
8、ly（B） indirectly（C） regularly（D）greatly （A）compete for（B） compete in（C） compete against（D）compete over （A）draw（B） amuse（C） govern（D）handle （A）spectator（B） spectacle（C） spectrum（D）speculation （A）save（B） including（C） even（D）and （A）flick on（B） flap at（C） fling away（D）flush out （A）fighting（B） campaignin
9、g（C） battling（D）contesting （A）recruited（B） reconciled（C） rectified（D）reserved （A）promising（B） pleasing（C） prominent（D）professional （A）contrive（B） convince（C） convert（D）convict （A）which（B） what（C） how（D）whether （A）ignored（B） neglected（C） remembered（D）noticed （A）offer（B） afford（C） prize（D）reward （A）in
10、（B） on（C） at（D）around （A）commit themselves to（B） commit themselves on（C） commute themselves to（D）comply themselves to （A）work in（B） work out（C） work over（D）work off （A）recalls（B） enlists（C） convenes（D）collects （A）in principle（B） in confidence（C） in name（D）in earnest Part ADirections: Read the follow
11、ing four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 You know you should do it, other people do it all the time. Maybe youve already done it but it wasnt very satisfying, and youd like to learn to do it better.Im talking, of course, about having a business lun
12、ch.Dont feel embarrassed if you are uncomfortable with the idea of sitting over a grilled chicken breast, talking to a prospective client.Most inexperienced, overeager launchers believe the main purpose of a business lunch is to either (a) conduct business or (b) eat lunch, and theyre unsure how to
13、mix the two. Dont worry! Business lunches arent about either business or lunch,theyre about building relationships.One of my business rules is “People do business with people they like. “Often, its not products, prices, or the company that makes the saleits the person Business lunches are the perfec
14、t time for you and your client, supplier, or employee to get to know each other as people. This helps establish common interests and makes working together easier.The single most important thing you can do at a business luncheven more important than picking up the tabis listen.You dont need a partic
15、ular reason to ask someone to lunch, so dont wait until for a certain occasion or issue.Dont make it seem like lunch is going to be a sales call. Instead, try the straightforward approach, “Weve been doing business together for almost a year. Id like to take you to lunch and get to know you a little
16、 better.“ Or a little less straightforward, “Im often in your area, how about having lunch sometime?“Have the other person suggest a place to eat“Is there a restaurant youve been wanting to try?“ Or if you have a limited budget, you choose a nice mid priced restaurant. Forget McDonalds. If youre tha
17、nking someone for an important order, take them to a really special, possibly new, restaurant.If you did the inviting, you pick up the tab, even if your guest says, “I can put this on my companys credit card.“ But dont have a scene arguing over the check. You can just say, “You can get the next one.
18、“ Some companies have policies that dont permit employees to be treated; in that case, split the tab.21 A business lunch can be viewed as successful if_.（A）good relationship is established（B） the client does not have to pay（C） the client likes the food extremely（D）business is touched upon during the
19、 lunch 22 According to the writer, one can offer to invite a clien to lunch_.（A）when there are sales to be done（B） when the client feels hungry（C） at an ordinary weekend（D）on the clients birthday 23 During a business lunch its important to_.（A）make a deal with the client（B） order nice, expensive foo
20、d（C） be a good listener（D）inquire after the clients health 24 The following places might be good choices for a business lunch except_.（A）nice, mid-priced restaurants（B） fast food stores（C） newly opened restaurants（D）a restaurant that the client prefers 25 According to the passage, a successful busin
21、essman should know_.（A）how to offer to pay for a business lunch（B） what kind of food is nice, yet inexpensive（C） how to make friends with clients（D）which restaurants offer nice food 25 In the USA, 85% of the population over the age if 21 approve of the death penalty. In the many states whcih still h
22、ave the death penalty, some use the electric chair, which can take up to 20 minutes to kill, while others use gas or lethal injection.The first of these was the case of Ruth Ellis who was hanged for shooting her lover in what was generally regarded as a crime of passion. The second was hanged for mu
23、rders which, it was later proved, had been committed by someone else.The pro-hanging lobby uses four main arguments to support its call for the reintroduction of capital punishment. First there is the deterrence theory, which argues that potential murderers would think twice before committing the ac
24、t if they knew that they might die if they were caught. The armed bank robber might, likewise, go back to being unarmed.The other two arguments are more suspect. The idea of retribution demands that criminals should get what they deserve: if a murderer intentionally set out to commit a crime, he sho
25、uld accept the consequences. Retribution, which is just another word for revenge, is supported by the religious doctrine of an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.The arguments against the death penalty are largely humanitarian. But there are also statistical reasons for opposing it: the deterren
26、ce figures do not add up. In Britain,1903 was the the record year for executions and yet in 1904 the number of murders actually rose. There was a similar occurrence in 1946 and 1947. If the deterrence theory were correct, the rate should have fallen.The other reasons to oppose the death penalty are
27、largely a mather of individual conscience and belief. One is that murder is murder and that the state has no more right to take a lifer than the individual. The other is that Christianity advises forgiveness, not revenge. 26 All of the following death penalty methods are mentioned in the passage EXC
28、EPT_.（A）the electric chair（B） the lethal injection（C） the poisonous gas（D）the shooting 27 According to the first four paragraphs, which of the following statements is NOT correct?（A）Ruth Ellis was shot by his lover, which was regarded as a crime of passion.（B） The death penalty may help the potentia
29、l murderers to arouse moral awareness.（C） The intentional murderer should eat his own bitter fruit.（D）According to the religious doctrine, punishment should be as severe as the injury suffere. 28 In paragraph 3,“deterrence“means_.（A）proclamation（B） portes（C） prevention（D）protection 29 We can learn f
30、rom the last paragraph that_.（A）neither the state nor the individual has the right to take a life（B） the sate has the right to take a life but the individual does not（C） the death penalty has nothing to do with individual conscience and belief（D）the deterrence figures have added up and the execution
31、 rate has fallen 30 The passage is mainly about_.（A）the argument in favor of the death penalty（B） the argument against the death penalty（C） the argument about the abolition of the death penalty（D）the argument about the reintroduction of the death penalty 30 There were two widely divergent influences
32、 on the early development of statistical methods. Statistics had a mother who was dedicated to keeping orderly records of governmental units (state and statistics come from the same Latin root, status) and a gentlemanly gambling father who relied on mathematics to increase his skill at playing the o
33、dds in games of chance. The influence of the mother on the offspring, statistics, is represented by counting, measuring, describing, tabulating, ordering, and the taking of censusesall of which led to modem descriptive statistics. From the influence of the father came modem inferentical statistics,
34、which is based squarely on theories of probability.Descriptive statistics involves tabulating, depicting, and describing collections of data. These data may be either quantitative, such as measures of height, intelligence, or grade levelvariables that are characterized by an underlying continuum or
35、the data may represent qualitative variable, such as sex, college major, or personality type.Large masses of data must generally undergo a process of summarization or reduction before they are comprehensible. Descriptive statistics is tool for describing or summarizing or reducing to comprehensible
36、form the properties of an otherwise unwieldy mass of data.Inferential statistics is a formalized body of methods for solving another class of problems that present great difficulties for the unaided human mind. This general class of problems characteristically involves attempts to make predictions u
37、sing a sample of observations. For example, a school superintendent wishes to determine the proportion of children in a large school system who come to school without breakfast, have been vaccinated for flu, or whatever. Having a little knowledge of statistics, the superintendent would know that it
38、is unnecessary and inefficient to question each child; the proportion for the entire district could be estimated fairly accurately from a sample of as few as 100 children. Thus, the purpose of inferential statistics is to predict or estimate characteristics of a population from knowledge of the char
39、acteristics of only a sample of the population. 31 Which of the following are counting and describing associated with?（A）Descriptive statistics（B） Unknown variables（C） Qualitative changes（D）Inferential statistics 32 Why does the author mention the “mother“ and “father“ in the first paragraph?（A）To p
40、resent the background of statistics in a humorous and understandable way（B） To point out that parents can teach their children statistics（C） To explain that there are different kinds of variables（D）To introduce inferentical statistics 33 Which of the following is true of descriptive statistics?（A）It
41、 leads to increased variability（B） It solves all numerical problems（C） It simplifies unwieldy masses of data（D）It changes qualitative variables to quantitative variables 34 What is the purpose of examining a sample of a population?（A）To tabulate collections of data（B） To compare different groups（C）
42、To consider all the quantitative variables（D）To predict characteristics of the entire population 35 Which of the following might be the best title for this passage?（A）How to Use Descriptive Statistics（B） Applications of Inferential Statistics（C） The Development and Use of Statistics（D）The Drawbacks
43、of Descriptive and Inferential Statistics 35 For millions of years before the appearance of the electric light, shift work, allnight cable TV and the Internet, Earths creatures evolved on a planet with predictable and reassuring 24-hour rhythms. Our biological clocks are set for this daily cycle. Si
44、mply put, our bodies want to sleep at night and be awake during the day. Most women and men need between eight and eight and a half hours of sleep a night to function properly throughout their lives. (Contrary to popular belief, humans dont need less sleep as they age.)But on average, Americans slee
45、p only about seven and a half hours per night, a marked drop from the nine hours they averaged in 1910. Whats worse, nearly one third of all Americans get less than six hours of sleep on a typical work night. For most people, thats not nearly enough.Finding ways to get more and better Sleep can be a
46、 challenge. Scientists have identified more than 80 different sleep disorders. Some sleeping disorders are genetic. But many problems are caused by staying up late and sleeping in, by traveling frequently between time zones or by working nights. Dr. James F. Jones at National Jewish Medical and Rese
47、arch Center in Denver says that sleep disorders are often diagnosed as other discomforts. About one third of the patients referred to him with possible chronic fatigue syndrome actually have treatable sleep disorders. “Before we do anything else, we look at their sleep, “Jones says.Sleep experts say
48、 that most people would benefit from a good look at their sleep patterns. “My motto is Sleep defensively,“ says Mary Carskadon of Brown University. She says people need to carve out sufficient time to sleep, even if it means giving up other things. Sleep routineslike going to bed and getting up at t
49、he same time every dayare important. Pre-bedtime activities also make a difference. As with Elaner, who used to suffer from sleeplessness, a few lifestyle changesavoiding stimulants and late meals, exercising hours before bedtime, relaxing with a hot bathyield better sleep.36 What is TRUE of human sleep?（A）Most people need less sleep when they grow older.（B） Most people need seven and a half hours of sleep every night.（C） On average, people in the U.S. today sleep less per night than th
