1、考研英语模拟试卷 290 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 When an invention is made, the inventor has three possible【1】of action open to him: he can give the invention to the world by publish
2、ing it, keep the idea【2】, or patent it.A【3】patent is the result of a bargain【4】between an inventor and the state, hut the inventor gets a limited period of monopoly and publishes full details of his invention to the public after that period【 5】.Only in the most exceptional circumstances【6】the lifesp
3、an of a patent【7】to alter this normal process of events.The longest extension ever【8】was to Georges Valensi; his 1939 patent for color TV receiver circuit was extended until 1971 because for most of the patents normal life there was no color TV to【9】and thus no hope for reward for the invention.Beca
4、use a patent remains permanently【10】after it has terminated, the shelves of the library attached to the【11】office contain details of literally millions of ideas that are free for anyone to use and, if【12】than half a century, sometimes even repatent. Indeed, patent experts often advise anyone【13】to a
5、void the high cost of conducting a search through【14】patents that the one sure way of violation of any other inventors right is to plagiarize a dead patent. Likewise, because publication of an idea in any other form【15】invalidates further patents on that idea, it is traditionally【16】to take ideas fr
6、om other areas of print. Much modern technological advance is【17】on these presumptions of legal security.Anyone closely【8】in patents and inventions soon learns that most “new“ ideas are, in fact, as old as the hills. It is theft reduction to commercial practice, either through necessity or dedicatio
7、n, or through the availability of new technology,【19】makes news and money. The basic patent for the theory for magnetic recording dates back to 1886. Many of the original ideas behind television originate【20】the late 19th and early 20th century. Even the Volkswagen rear engine ear was anticipated by
8、 a 1904 patent for a cart with the horse at the rear. （A）work（B） possibility（C） measures（D）courses （A）open（B） covered（C） secret（D）improved （A）granted（B） granting（C） inventing（D）invented （A）striking（B） struck（C） to be striking（D）to strike （A）terminating（B） continuing（C） continues（D）terminates （A）are（
9、B） to be（C） be（D）is （A）extending（B） will extend（C） extended（D）to be extended （A）granted（B） granting（C） to grant（D）being granted （A）receiving（B） sending（C） receive（D）send （A）public（B） secret（C） close（D）concealed （A）customer（B） commerce（C） patent（D）television （A）longer（B） older（C） weaker（D）younger （A）
10、wished（B） refusing（C） refused（D）wishing （A）live（B） dead（C） working（D）recording （A）temporarily（B） suddenly（C） permanently（D）sharply （A）dangerous（B） undesirable（C） safe（D）terrible （A）constructed（B） sent（C） anticipated（D）based （A）involving（B） involved（C） contained（D）containing （A）which（B） when（C） that（
11、D）where （A）with（B） off（C） before（D）from Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Many in the Middle East have difficulty in adjusting themselves to the new situation created by the departure of the imperial powers.
12、For the first time in almost 200 years, the rulers and people of the Middle East have to accept the final responsibility for their own affairs, to make their own mistakes and to accept the consequences. This is difficult to internalize, even to perceive, after so long a period. For the entire lifeti
13、mes of those who formulate and conduct policy at the present time and of their predecessors for many generations, vital decisions were made elsewhere, ultimate control lay elsewhere, and the principal task of statesmanship and diplomacy was as far as possible to avoid or reduce the dangers of this s
14、ituation and to exploit such opportunities as it might from time to time offer. It is very difficult to forsake the habits not just of a lifetime but of a whole era of history. The difficulty is much greater when alien cultural, social and economic preeminence continues and even increases, despite t
15、he ending of alien political and military domination. Military and to a growing extent political intervention by the West has indeed ended, but the impact of its science and culture, its technology, amenities and institutions remains and even increases. As in other parts of the non-Western world, th
16、is impact has been and will be enormous. In these circumstances, it is natural that Middle Easterners should continue to assumeand proceed on the assumptionthat real responsibility and decision still lie elsewhere. In its crudest form, this belief leads to wild and strange conspiracy theories direct
17、ed against those whom they regard as their enemiesIsrael, and more generally the Jews, the United States, and more generally the West. No theory is too absurd to be asserted or too preposterous to be widely and instantly believed. Even among more responsible statesmen and analysts, a similar belief
18、in alien power, albeit in a less crude form, often seems to guide both analysis and policy. Some even go so far as to invite outside intervention, presumable in the belief that only outside powers have the capacity to make and enforce decisions. A case in point is the constant appeal to the United S
19、tates to involve itself in the Arab Israel conflict, oddly coupled with the repeated accusation of “American imperialism. “ This state of mind is likely to continue for some time, with appeals for support or even intervention to the United States, to Russia and even to the European Union. In time, n
20、o doubt, Middle Eastern governments and people will learn how to use this window of opportunity to the best advantagethat is, of course, if the window remains open long enough.21 The word “this“ in the third sentence of Paragraph 1 refers to_.（A）the departure of the imperial powers（B） the final resp
21、onsibility of the Middle Eastern countries for their own affairs（C） the consequence created by the departure of the imperial powers（D）the fact that the Middle Eastern countries have to be responsible for their own affairs22 The Middle Eastern countries were at a loss after the departure of the imper
22、ial powers because_.（A）they were rather backward and in bad need of foreign assistance（B） they were accustomed to being ruled by an alien force（C） they were plunged into war after the departure of the imperial powers（D）the imperial powers left them nothing but disorder23 It is natural for Middle Eas
23、terners to assume that_.（A）their real enemies are the Western countries（B） no countries can save them but their own（C） it is up to their leaders, not the ordinary people, to make decisions（D）other countries should come to their help in times of urgency24 The fact that the Middle Eastern countries of
24、ten rely on the United States in resolving their conflicts shows that they believe that_.（A）American imperialists still have control over the world affairs（B） outside powers are more capable of effective decisions（C） they are weaker than Israel and cannot defeat it（D）Israel is assisted and manipulat
25、ed by the United States25 The author implied in the passage that_.（A）it takes time for the Middle Easterners to adjust themselves to the new situation（B） the world will be more peaceful if each country learns to care about its own business（C） most of the unrest in the Middle East is attributable to
26、Israels aggressive policies（D）the Western powers should stop interfering with other countries affairs25 Since 1975 advocates of humane treatment of animals have broadened their goals to oppose the use of animals for fur, leather, wool, and food. They have mounted protests against all forms of huntin
27、g and the trapping of animals in the wild. And they have joined environmentalists in urging protection of natural habitats from commercial or residential development. The occasion for these added emphases was the publication in 1975 of “Animal Liberation: A New Ethics for Our Treatment of Animals“ b
28、y Peter Singer, formerly a professor of philosophy at Oxford University in England. This book gave a new impetus to the animal rights movement. The post-1975 animal rights activists are far more vocal than their predecessors, and the organizations to which they belong are generally more radical. Man
29、y new organizations are formed. The tactics of the activists are designed to catch the attention of the public. Since the mid-1980s there have been frequent news reports about animal right organizations picketing stores that sell furs, harassing hunters in the wild, or breaking into laboratories to
30、free animals. Some of the extreme organizations advocate the use of assault, armed terrorism, and death threats to make their point. Aside from making isolated attacks on people who wear fur coats or trying to prevent hunters from killing animals, most of the organizations have directed their tactic
31、s at institutions. The results of the protests and other tactics have been mixed. Companies are reducing reliance on animal testing. Medical research has been somewhat curtailed by legal restrictions and the reluctance of younger workers to use animals in research. New tests have been developed to r
32、eplace the use of animals. Some well-known designers have stopped using fur. While the public tends to agree that animals should be treated humanely, most people are unlikely to give up eating meat or wearing goods made from leather and wool. Giving up genuine fur has become less of a problem, since
33、 fibers used to make fake fur such as the Japanese invention Kane car on can look almost identical to real fur. Some of the strongest opposition to the animal rights movement has come from hunters and their organizations. But animal rights activists have succeeded in marshaling public opinion to pre
34、ss for state restrictions on hunting in several parts of the nation.26 1975 was an important year in the history of animal treatment because_.（A）many people began to call for humane treatment of animals that year（B） a new book was published that broadened the animal rights movement（C） the environmen
35、talists began to show interest in animal protection（D）the trapping of animals began to go wild all through the world27 Some animal rights organizations advocate the use of extreme means in order to_.（A）wipe out cruel people（B） stop using animals in the laboratory（C） attack hunters in the wild（D）catc
36、h full public attention28 When the author says that “the results of the protests and other tactics have been mixed“ (in Para. 3), he means the protest and other tactics_.（A）have produced desired effects（B） almost amounted to nothing（C） have some influence on the public（D）have proved to be too radica
37、l29 The word “marshaling“ (in the last paragraph) probably means_.（A）conducting（B） popularizing（C） changing（D）outraging30 It seems that the author of this article_.（A）is strongly opposed to the animal rights movement（B） is in favor of the animal rights movement（C） supports the use of violence in ani
38、mal protection（D）hates the use of fake fur for clothes30 It was a ruling that had consumers seething with anger and many a free trader crying foul. On November 20th the European Court of Justice decided that Tesco, a British supermarket chain, should not be allowed to import jeans made by Americas L
39、evi Strauss from outside the European Union and sell them at cut-rate prices without getting permission first from the jeans maker. Ironically, the ruling is based on an EU trademark directive that was designed to protect local, not American, manufacturers from price dumping. The idea is that any br
40、and-owning firm should be allowed to position its goods and segment its markets as it sees fit: Levis jeans, just like Gucci handbags, must be allowed to be expensive. Levi Strauss persuaded the court that, by selling its jeans cheaply alongside soap powder and bananas, Tesco was destroying the imag
41、e and so the value of its brandswhich could only lead to less innovation and, in the long run, would reduce consumer choice. Consumer groups and Tesco say that Levis case is specious. The supermarket argues that it was just arbitraging the price differential between Levis jeans sold in America and E
42、uropea service performed a million times a day in financial markets, and one that has led to real benefits for consumers. Tesco has been selling some 15,000 pairs of Levis jeans a week, for about half the price they command in specialist stores approved by Levi Strauss. Christine Cross, Tescos head
43、of global non-food sourcing, says the ruling risks “creating a Fortress Europe with a vengeance“. The debate will rage on, and has implications well beyond casual clothes (Levi Strauss was joined in its lawsuit by Zino Davidoff, a perfume maker). The question at its heart is not whether brands need
44、to control how they are sold to protect their image, but whether it is the job of the courts to help them do this. Gucci, an Italian clothes label whose image was being destroyed by loose licensing and over-exposure in discount stores, saved itself not by resorting to the courts but by ending contra
45、cts with third-party suppliers, controlling its distribution better and opening its own stores. It is now hard to find cut-price Gucci anywhere. Brand experts argue that Levi Strauss, which has been losing market share to hipper rivals such as Diesel, is no longer strong enough to command premium pr
46、ices. Left to market forces, so-so brands such as Levis might well fade away and be replaced by fresher labels. With the courts protecting its prices, Levi Strauss may hang on for longer. But no court can help to make it a great brand again.31 Which of the following is not true according to Paragrap
47、h 1?（A）Consumers and free traders were very angry.（B） Only the Levis maker can decide the prices of the jeans.（C） The ruling has protected Levis from price dumping.（D）Levis jeans should be sold at a high price.32 Guccis success shows that_.（A）it has changed its fate with its own effort（B） Gucci has
48、successfully saved its own image（C） opening its own stores is the key to success（D）it should be the courts duty to save its image33 The word “specious“ (Line 4, Paragraph 2) in the context probably means_.（A）responsible for oneself（B） having too many doubts（C） not as it seems to be（D）raising misunde
49、rstanding34 According to the passage, the doomed fate of Levis is caused by such factors except that_.（A）the rivals are competitive（B） it fails to command premium prices（C） market forces have their own rules（D）the court fails to give some help35 The authors attitude towards Levis prospect seems to be_.（A）biased（B） indifferent（C） puzzling（D）objective35 Mass production, the defining characteristic of the Second Wave economy, becomes increasingly obsolete as firms install information intens
