1、考研英语模拟试卷 315 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Our ape-men forefathers had no obvious natural weapons in the struggle for【1】in the open. They had neither the powerful teeth nor the
2、 strong claws of the big cats. They could not【2】with the bear, whose strength, speed and claws【3】an impressive “ small fire“ weaponry. They could not even defend themselves【4】running swiftly like the horses, zebras or small animals. If the ape-men had attempted to compete on those terms in the open,
3、 they would have been【5】to failure and extinction. But they were【6】with enormous concealed advantages of a kind not possessed by any of their competitors. In the search【7】the pickings of the forest, the ape-men had【8】efficient stereoscopic vision and a sense of color that the animals of the grasslan
4、ds did not【9】. The ability to see clearly at close range permitted the ape-men to study practical problems in a way that lay far【10】the reach of the original inhabitants of the grassland. Good long-distance sight was【11】another matter. Lack of long-distance vision had not been a problem for forest-d
5、welling apes and monkeys because the【12】the viewpoint, the greater the range of sight-so【13】they had had to do was climb a tree. Out in the open, however, this simple solution was not【14】. Climbing a hill would have helped, but in many places the ground was flat. The ape-men【15】 the only possible so
6、lution. They reared up as high as possible on their hind limbs and began to walk【16】. This vital change of physical position brought about considerable disadvantages. It was extremely unstable and it meant that the already slow ape-men became【17】still. 【18】, they persevered and their bone structure
7、gradually became【19】to the new, unstable position that【20】them the name Homo erectus, upright man.（A）survival（B） hunting（C） security（D）inhabitance （A）match（B） compare（C） rival（D）equal （A）became（B） equipped（C） posed（D）provided （A）in（B） upon（C） by（D）with （A）driven（B） doomed（C） forced（D）led （A）bestowed
8、（B） given（C） presented（D）endowed （A）for（B） of（C） on（D）at （A）progressed（B） generated（C） developed（D）advanced （A）learn（B） dream of（C） possess（D）acquire （A）from（B） apart（C） beyond（D）above （A）rather（B） quite（C） much（D）really （A）lower（B） further（C） clearer（D）higher （A）anything（B） that（C） everything（D）all
9、 （A）available（B） enough（C） sufficient（D）convenient （A）chose（B） adopted（C） accepted（D）took （A）fast（B） stably（C） happily（D）upright （A）faster（B） slower（C） more stable（D）safer （A）However（B） Therefore（C） Meanwhile（D）Subsequently （A）accustomed（B） familiarized（C） adapted（D）suited （A）obtained（B） called（C） d
10、eserved（D）earned Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 In the 1960s, Perus sugar industry was among the most efficient in the world. It was all downhill thereafter. A military government expropriated the sugar es
11、tates on the country s north coast, turning them into government-owned co-operatives. Having peaked at 1m tonnes in 1975, output fell to 400,000 tonnes by the early 1990s. But since then the sugar industry has passed into private hands again. Over the past decade production has returned to its histo
12、ric peakand is now set to boom. The change has been gradual. The government has sold its stake in the industry in tranches. But now investors are piling in. As in other parts of South and Central America they are attracted by higher prices for sugar because of its use for ethanol. Industry sources p
13、redict that land under sugar will expand by 10,000 hectares (25,000 acres) a year, more than doubling output over the next decade. That would turn Peru into an exporterthough not on the scale of Brazil or Colombia. Last year, local investors secured a controlling stake in Casa Grande, the largest su
14、gar plantation. Bioterra, a Spanish company, plans a $ 90m ethanol plant nearby. Maple, a Texas company, has bought 10,600 hectares of land in the northern department of Piura. Its plans call for an investment of $120m and ethanol production of 120m litres a year. Brazilian and Ecuadorean investors
15、are also active. Part of the attraction is that Peru has signed a free-trade agreement with the United States. Provided that it can satisfy the concerns of the new Democratic-controlled Congress in Washington D. C., about the enforcement of labour rights, this agreement should be approved later this
16、 year. It would render permanent existing trade preferences under which ethanol from Peru can enter the United States dutyfree. By contrast, ethanol exported from Brazil, the worlds biggest producer, must pay a tariff of 54 cents a gallon. Two harsh realities might sour these sweet dreams. Colombia,
17、 Central America and the Dominican Republic all enjoy similar preferences and have similar plans. Colombia already produces 360m litres a year of ethanol, much of it for export. The second question is whether sugara thirsty cropis the best use of Perus desert coastal strip, with its precarious water
18、 supply. One of the countrys achievements of the past decade has been the private sectors development of new export crops. It would be ironic if these businesses were threatened by sugars privatisation. 21 What information does not provide in the first paragraph?（A）Perus sugar industry was very succ
19、essful in 1960s.（B） Some sugar estates on the countrys north coast used to be government-owned.（C） During the period of government owned, the sugar industry underwent a period of development.（D）There must be revolutions in 1960s.22 Base on the second paragraph, we can learn that_.（A）the investors ar
20、e not so interested in buying the stake（B） the ethanol sources attract a lot of investors（C） the land under sugar expand by 2.5 times of last year（D）Perus export on sugar is next to that of Brazil and Colombia23 Which of the following statements is not true according to the text?（A）Many famous compa
21、nies invest on sugar production.（B） The free-trade agreement with the United States is a kind of security on international trade.（C） Politics and economy are interactional.（D）The enforcement of labour rights has been achieved while the author writing this text.24 The word “precarious“ (Paragraph 5)
22、most probably means_.（A）unstable（B） barren（C） plenty（D）cautious25 Which of the following is the best title for this text?（A）How to Make Ethanol from Sugar（B） The Historical Development of Sugar Industry of Peru（C） Politics Can Improve the Development of Interactional Trade（D）The Conflict between Gov
23、ernment-owned and Privatization25 “Europe needs to import to export. “ That is the slogan of the European Commissions new strategy for securing its economic place in the world, unveiled this week by Peter Mandelson, the European Unions commissioner for trade. The soundbite, of course, gets the econo
24、mics precisely backwards: exports are the price a country must pay for its imports; Europeans toil away making stuff for others to consume only so they can in turn get their hands on the fruits of foreign labours. But the slogan does capture two awkward truths European exporters must now confront. F
25、irst, only by offering to open its own markets can the EU hope to persuade foreign countries to open theirs. But with the collapse of the Doha round of trade talks, it is not obvious to whom the Europeans should make their offers. Second, European companies are now part of elaborate global supply ch
26、ains. Clumsy efforts to protect some of them from foreign competition deprive others of the cheap inputs they need to thrive in world markets. The new trade strategy looks at both of these dilemmas, among others. Though Mr Mandelson insists that he remains wedded to multilateral negotiations atthe W
27、orld Trade Organisation, he also fancies pursuing a bit on the side with other willing trade partners. The EU will pick its partners according to three criteria: do they offer a big, growing market? Are they cutting deals with America or Japan? And are they guilty of deterring European companies, ei
28、ther repelling them at the border with high tariffs, or bogging them down in cumbersome rules and regulations? The strategy names ASEAN, South Korea, India and Russia as priorities, as well as two regional blocks, Mercosur and the Gulf Co-operation Council, that it is already courting. The EU will r
29、eveal its plans for China at the end of the month. The strategy also proposes to look again at how the EU protects its own borders, because its favored weapons are prone to backfire. For example, EU ministers decided this week to slap antidumping duties on leather shoes from Vietnam and China, which
30、 threaten shoemakers in Italy, Portugal and Spain. But the duties are opposed by Europes own retailers and some of its sportswear makers. Letting Asian workers stitch and glue sports shoes makes it possible for such firms to employ Europeans to design and market them. Mr Mandelson presented his stra
31、tegy as a way to help the EU become more competitive. Opening up to foreign rivals is, of course, an excellent way to foster competition in cloistered domestic industries. A pity then that most of his concrete proposals were about conquering markets abroad, and that the EU is still so ready to raise
32、 its defences at home.26 According to the Paragraph 1, how can Europeans get their hands on the fruits of foreign labours?（A）Europeans toil away making stuff for others to consume.（B） Peter Mandelson unveiled new strategy for securing its economic place in the world this week.（C） Slapping anti-dumpi
33、ng duties on other products from outside EU.（D）Ask ask more foreign labours to work in EU.27 The reasons why the author says the slogan does capture two awkward truths European exporters must now confront include the followings except_.（A）EU hope to persuade foreign countries to open their markets b
34、y offering to open its owns although it is not obvious to whom the Europeans should make their offers（B） other countries were repelling EU companies at the border with high tariffs（C） European companies are now part of elaborate global supply chains（D）efforts to protect some of European companies fr
35、om foreign competition may deprive others of the cheap inputs which these EU companies need to thrive in world markets28 Which of the following is not a basic standard of EU for picking its partners?（A）Offering a big, growing market.（B） Not bogging them down in cumbersome rules and regulations（C） No
36、t deterring European companies from their countries（D）Cutting deals with America or Japan29 The word “pity“(Line 3, Paragragh 5) refers to_.（A）competition in cloistered domestic industries（B） opening up to foreign rivals（C） Mr Mandelsons strategy（D）his proposals were about conquering markets abroad
37、while EU is still so ready to raise its defenses at home30 Which of the following could be authors judgment of the strategy?（A）Infeasible proposal.（B） A perfect solution.（C） Effective defense against rivals.（D）Positive change.30 In November the European Parliaments culture and education committee is
38、 due to move forward on its proposed “audiovisual media services“ directive, before sending it to the full parliament in December. The new rules update and relax the “Television Without Frontiers“ directive of 1989, which opened Europes national markets. But critics complain that they also seek to e
39、xtend fusty regulations from the era of broadcast television to todays very different technologies. Rules on advertising, the protection of children and so on could potentially also apply to all kinds of video streams, including video blogs, online games and mobile-video services. This could have a
40、chilling effect on innovation and risks stifling emerging technologies with rules designed for another age, says Chris Marsden of RAND Europe, a think-tank that has analysed the potential impact of the proposed rules for Ofcom, Britains media and telecoms regulator. “Regulators have to be thoughtful
41、. They cannot predict the future of television “or the internetno one can,“ says Niklas Zennstr. m, a co-founder of Skype, who is now setting up an internet television firm. The proposed rules may be unrealistic as well as onerous. The idea that websites can be regulated like broadcasters, which are
42、 required to keep strict records of what they show in order to help watchdogs investigate complaints, is untenable. Firms could simply relocate outside the European Union to escape the new rules. Last week Ruth Hieronymi, a member of parliament, said she would introduce wording that might help to ov
43、ercome some of the objections. Behind the debate is the question of how best to balance competition and protection. Traditional broadcasters worry that they will be shackled by regulations while brisk start-ups can do as they pleaseso they like the idea of extending regulation to their new rivals. B
44、ut even if the rules are approved as they stand, they will not come into force until 2010. Such a long, slow process seems incongruous given the pace of technological change.31 The change of television can be attributed to_.（A）the scarce spectrum and only small number of stations existed（B） advancem
45、ent of technology（C） the preference of different audiences（D）Europes attempt to update the rules32 According to the text, the new rules_.（A）seek to revise the previous regulation（B） complained by many educators（C） passed by European Parliament in 1989（D）opened Europes national markets33 According to
46、 the Paragragh 3, Niklas Zennstr. m think that_.（A）rules designed for another age is still available（B） Television Without Frontiers directive of 1989 has stifled new technologies emerging（C） regulators should be more forecastable so they can design better rules of television and other media（D）regul
47、ations must be realistic because no one can not predict the future34 The word “onerous“ (Line 1, Paragraph 4) most probably means_.（A）deceptive（B） burdensome（C） stringent（D）outrageous35 Why Traditional broadcasters want to extend regulations to the new broadcasters?（A）Because they are chained by reg
48、ulations while the new rivals are free from them（B） Because it is hard to balance competition and protection.（C） Because the new broadcasters are more adapted to the regulations.（D）Because the rules come into force in a slow and long process.35 Jim Boon is a hybrid kind of guy. He drives a Toyota hy
49、brid to work, a Honda hybrid on weekends and, as a manager for Seattle public transit he recently placed the worlds largest order for hybrid electric buses. Now, with the biggest hybrid-bus fleet in the world, Seattle has become the main testing ground for a technology that claims it can drastically cut air pollution and fuel consumption. In the 1990s, demo fleets of 35 buses or fewer started cropping up in cities such as Tempe, Ariz. Sixteen of these early hybrids still service Genoa, Italy, where drivers switch
