1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 123 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 The nobler and more perfect a thing is, the later and slower it is becoming mature. A man reaches the mature (1)_ of his reasoning
2、 powers and mental faculties (2)_ before the age of twenty-eight; a woman at eighteen. And then, too, in the case of woman, it is the only reason of a sortvery mean in its (3)_. That is why women remain children their whole life long; never seeing (4)_ but what is quite close to them, (5)_ fast to t
3、he present moment, taking appearance for (6)_, and preferring (7)_ to matters of the first importance. For it is (8)_ his reasoning faculty that man does not live in the present only, (9)_ the brute, but looks about him and considers the past and the future; and this is the origin of (10)_, as well
4、as that of care and anxiety which so many people (11)_ Both the advantages and the disadvantages, which this (12)_, are (13)_ in by the woman to a smaller extent because of her weaker power of reasoning. She may, in fact, be described as intellectually shortsighted, (14)_, while she has an immediate
5、 understanding of what lies quite close to her, her field of (15)_ is narrow and does not reach to what is (16)_; so that things which are absent, or past, or to come, have much less effect upon women than upon men. This is the reason why women are inclined to be (17)_ and sometimes carry their desi
6、re to a (18)_ that borders upon madness. In their hearts, women think it is mens business to earn money and theirs to spend itif possible during their husbands life, (19)_, at any rate, after his death. The very fact that their husband hands them (20)_ his earnings for purposes of housekeeping stren
7、gthens them in this belief.（A）burden（B） drive（C） stage（D）move（A）barely（B） scarcely（C） rarely（D）hardly（A）dimensions（B） perspectives（C） indices（D）diameters（A）something（B） anything（C） everything（D）nothing（A）fastening（B） sticking（C） taking（D）seeing（A）fancy（B） practice（C） reality（D）illusion（A）fragments（B
8、） trifles（C） remains（D）substances（A）at the mercy of（B） with regard to（C） in the interests of（D）by virtue of（A）above（B） like（C） beside（D）including（A）jealousy（B） generosity（C） identity（D）prudence（A）advocate（B） demonstrate（C） exhibit（D）reveal（A）concerns（B） relates（C） involves（D）retains（A）shared（B） join
9、ed（C） bound（D）hurried（A）before（B） because（C） unless（D）until（A）sigh（B） vision（C） reach（D）glance（A）obscure（B） invisible（C） remote（D）primitive（A）extravagant（B） extreme（C） credible（D）wretched（A）end（B） limit（C） span（D）length（A）but（B） for（C） though（D）while（A）down（B） over（C） in（D）upGrammar21 Im sure he is
10、up to the job_he would give his mind to it.（A）if only（B） in case（C） until（D）unless22 _some questions about the bookkeepers honesty, the company asked him to leave.（A）There being（B） There be（C） Being（D）Having23 He_another career but, at the time, he didnt have enough money to attend graduate school.（
11、A）might have chosen（B） must have chosen（C） might choose（D）had to choose24 Observations were made_the children at the beginning and at the end of preschool and first grade.（A）towards（B） of（C） on（D）at25 That was so serious a matter that I had no choice but_the police.（A）to call（B） call（C） calling（D）ca
12、lled26 _him tomorrow?（A）Why not to call on（B） Why dont call on（C） Why not calling on（D）Why not call on27 He had no alternative but _ to fight in the Middle East.（A）to go（B） go（C） going（D）went28 It is highly desirable that a new dean_for this department.（A）be appointed（B） appoint（C） will be appointed
13、（D）is appointed29 Although a teenager, Fred could resist_what to do and what not to do.（A）being told（B） telling（C） to be told（D）to tell30 “He gave me_ $ 100!“ he said with satisfaction.（A）no less than（B） no more than（C） something like（D）onlyPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the
14、 questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)30 The remarkable progress of science and technology in the 20th century has brought enormous benefits to humankind. Long and healthy lives, economic prosperity and a pleasant and convenient living environment have resulted from technol
15、ogical progress based on advances in scientific knowledge. This progress will continue or may even accelerate in the future, because both the number of scientists and their activities are expanding throughout the world. We may expect, therefore, that science and technology will continue to contribut
16、e to the development of human society.At the same time, rapid scientific advances may raise some difficult problems. First of all, the disparity in scientific knowledge between those in scientific and technical professions and those in other areas will continuously expand. This may create a communic
17、ations gap between the two groups that could affect obtaining public consent on important issues, such as the use of genetically engineered plants or human embryonic stem cells. Secondly, the 21st century will be characterized by a knowledge-based society and a knowledge of science will be required
18、for many professions. Those who lack scientific knowledge will have fewer opportunities for good jobs. Thirdly, the enormous increase in scientific information will become a burden for children who must study science. Already young people seem to be losing interest in science, and this trend may inc
19、rease in the future. Over the past several years, enrollment in high-school physics courses in Japan has been decreasing, which suggests that many young people are losing interest in physics or avoiding subjects that require diligent study. Finally, scientific research in the next century will requi
20、re increasing levels of public investment because sophisticated research is usually expensive. If the public loses interest in science or does not understand the importance of research, it will become difficult for scientists to obtain sufficient financial support.Because of these considerations, I
21、think that we need to carefully review present science education at different levels and to improve it in order to meet the expected rapid progress of science in the 21st century. At the level of primary education, the most important task is to stimulate childrens interest in nature. Naive surprise
22、at the wonders of nature will hopefully lead to a later interest in science. During their secondary education, students must learn logic and the principles of natural phenomena. They will gradually separate into groups of those who like and those who dislike science. It will be difficult to provide
23、the latter students with the scientific basics that would be useful throughout their lives. This is also the case in university education.It is becoming a goal of general university education to give students who are not majoring in natural science and engineering some level of scientific literacy.
24、In the future, all citizens, especially those expected to lead diverse areas of society should have a sound basis for understanding the progress of science. Because the pace of progress will accelerate further, continuing science education for the public is also of great importance.31 According to t
25、he passage, the fact that young people seem to be losing interest in science_.（A）may cause the lack of scientists throughout the world in the century to come（B） is mainly due to the explosion of scientific information（C） may increase the communications gap between young people and scientists（D）may h
26、inder the development of human society32 The word “disparity“(Paragraph 2)may be replaced by_.（A）difficulty（B） diversity（C） different（D）density33 The second paragraph is mainly about_.（A）the difficulties faced by young people in finding jobs（B） the gap between scientific and technical professionals
27、and non-professionals（C） the difficult problems raised by rapid scientific advances（D）scientific research in the 21st century34 Which of the following statements is NOT a viewpoint held by the author?（A）Its sheer waste of time and money to force those who dislike science to learn science.（B） Stimula
28、ting childrens interest in nature is the top priority for primary and secondary school authorities.（C） A knowledge of science will be required for many professionals in the 21st century.（D）Secondary school students should learn logic and the principles of natural phenomena. 35 The best title for the
29、 passage might be “_“.（A）Science and Technology in the 21st Century（B） Science Education for the Public（C） Scientific Advances and Ensuing Problems（D）The Goal of Primary, Secondary and Higher Education36 A few common misconceptions. Beauty is only skin-deep. Ones physical assets and liabilities dont
30、 count all that much in a managerial career. A woman should always try to look her best.Over the last 30 years, social scientists have conducted more than 1,000 studies of how we react to beautiful and not-so-beautiful people. The virtually unanimous conclusion: Looks do matter, more than most of us
31、 realize. The data suggest, for example, that physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their patents, sought out as friends, and pursued romantically. With the possible exception of women seeking managerial jobs, they are also more likely to be hired, paid well, and pr
32、omoted.The scientists typical experiment works something like this. They give each member of a groupcollege students, perhaps, or teachers or corporate personnel managers a piece of paper relating an individuals accomplishments. Attached to the paper is a photograph. While the papers all say exactly
33、 the same thing the pictures are different. Some show a strikingly attractive person, some an average looking character, and some an unusually unattractive human being. Group members are asked to rate the individual on certain attributes, anything from personal warmth to the likelihood that he or sh
34、e will be promoted.Almost invariably, the better looking the person in the picture, the higher the person is rated. In the phrase, borrowed from Sappo, that the social scientists use to sum up the common perception, what is beautiful is good.In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women,
35、and deeper than for men. A Utah State University professor, who is an authority on the subject, explains: in terms of their careers, the impact of physical attractiveness on males is only modest. But its potential impact on females can be tremendous, making it easier, for example, for the more attra
36、ctive to get jobs where they are in the public eye. On another note, though, there is enough literature now for us to conclude that attractive women who aspire to managerial positions do not get on as well as women who may be less attractive.36 According to the passage, people often wrongly believe
37、that in pursuing a career as a manager（A）a persons property or debts do not matter much.（B） a persons outward appearance is not a critical qualification.（C） women should always dress fashionably.（D）women should not only be attractive but also high-minded.37 The result of research carried out by soci
38、al scientists shows that（A）people do not realize the importance of looking ones best.（B） women in pursuit of managerial jobs are not likely to be paid well.（C） good-looking women aspire to managerial positions.（D）attractive people generally have an advantage over those who are not.38 Experiments by
39、scientists have shown that when people evaluate individuals on certain attributes（A）they observe the principle that beauty is only skin-deep.（B） they do not usually act according to the views they support.（C） they give ordinary-looking persons the low ratings.（D）they tend to base their judgment on t
40、he individuals accomplishments.39 The sentence “good looks cut both ways for women“ (Line 1, Paragraph 5) means that（A）attractive women have tremendous potential impact on public jobs.（B） good-looking women always get the best of everything.（C） being attractive is not always an advantage for women.（
41、D）attractive women do not do as well as unattractive women in managerial positions.40 It can be inferred from the passage that in the business world（A）handsome men are not affected as much by their looks as attractive women are.（B） physically attractive women who are in the public eye usually do qui
42、te well.（C） physically attractive men and women who are in the public eye usually get along quite well.（D）good looks are important for women as they are for men.41 Like street comer prophets proclaiming that the end is near, scientists who study the earths atmosphere have been issuing predictions of
43、 impending doom for the past few years without offering any concrete proof. So far even the experts have had to admit that no solid evidence has emerged that this is anything but a natural phenomenon. And the uncertainty has given skeptics-especially Gingrichian politiciansplenty of ammunition to ar
44、gue against taking the difficult, expensive steps required to stave off a largely hypothetical calamity.Until now, a draft report currently circulating on the Internet asserts that the global temperature rise can now be blamed, at least in part, on human activity. Statements like this have been made
45、 before by individual researchers-who have been criticized for going too far beyond the scientific consensus. But this report comes from the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a respected UN sponsored body made up of more than 1,300 leading climate experts from 40 nations. This shift in s
46、cientific consensus is based not so much on new data as on improvements in the complex computer models that climatologists use to test their theories. Unlike chemists or molecular biologists, climate experts have no way to do lab experiments on their specialty. So they simulate them on supercomputer
47、s and look at what happens when human generated gases-carbon dioxide from industry and auto exhaust, methane from agriculture, chlorofluoro carbons from leaky refrigerators and spray cans-are pumped into the models virtual atmospheres.Until recently, the computer models werent working very well. Whe
48、n the scientists tried to simulate what they believe has been happening over the past century or so, the results didnt mesh with reality; the models said the world should now he warmer than it actually is. The reason is that the computer models had been overlooking an important factor affecting glob
49、al temperatures: sulfur dioxides that are produced along with CO2 when fossil fuels are burned in cars and power plants. Aerosols actually cool the planet by blocking sunlight and mask the effects of global warming. Once the scientists factored in aerosols, their models began looking more like the real world. The improved performance of the simulations was demonstrated in 1991, when they successfully predicted tempera
