1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 131 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Culture is activity of thought, and receptiveness to beauty and humane feeling.【C1】_of information have nothing to do with it. A m
2、erely well-informed man is the most useless【C2】_on Gods earth. What we should【C3】_at producing is men who【C4】_both culture and expert knowledge in some special direction. Their expert knowledge will give them the ground to start【C5】_, and their culture will lead them as【C6】_as philosophy and as high
3、 as【C7】_. We have to remember that the valuable【C8】_development is self-development, and that it【C9】_takes place between the ages of sixteen and thirty. As to training, the most important part is given by mothers before the age of twelve.In training a child to activity of thought, above all things w
4、e must【C10】_of what I will call “inert ideas“that is to say, ideas that are merely【C11】_into the mind without being【C12】_, or tested, or thrown into fresh combinations. In the history of education, the most【C13】_phenomenon is that schools of learning, which at one epoch are alive with a craze for ge
5、nius, in a【C14】_generation exhibit merely pedantry and routine. The reason is that they are overladen with inert ideas. Except at【C15】_intervals of intellectual motivation, education in the past has been radically【C16】_with inert ideas. That is the reason why【C17】_clever women, who have seen much of
6、 the world, are in middle life so much the most cultured part of the community. They have been saved from this horrible【C18】_of inert ideas. Every intellectual revolution which has ever stirred humanity【C19】_greatness has been a【C20 】_protest against inert ideas.1 【C1 】（A）Chips（B） Scraps（C） Fraction
7、s（D）Plates2 【C2 】（A）bore（B） irony（C） snob（D）gut3 【C3 】（A）point（B） aim（C） clutch（D）snap4 【C4 】（A）identify（B） occupy（C） possess（D）ensure5 【C5 】（A）with（B） from（C） into（D）beyond6 【C6 】（A）linear（B） deep（C） militant（D）odd7 【C7 】（A）zoom（B） art（C） rap（D）poll8 【C8 】（A）rational（B） physiological（C） divine（D）in
8、tellectual9 【C9 】（A）mostly（B） randomly（C） seldom（D）regularly10 【C10 】（A）beware（B） dispose（C） ensure（D）boast11 【C11 】（A）contained（B） received（C） squeezed（D）embedded12 【C12 】（A）utilized（B） assessed（C） gauged（D）geared13 【C13 】（A）integral（B） classical（C） obscure（D）striking14 【C14 】（A）succeeding（B） prece
9、ding（C） accompanying（D）emerging15 【C15 】（A）rare（B） minor（C） scarce（D）regular16 【C16 】（A）infected（B） influenced（C） instructed（D）endowed17 【C17 】（A）unrefined（B） unintended（C） unrestrained（D）uneducated18 【C18 】（A）load（B） burden（C） gap（D）span19 【C19 】（A）off（B） on（C） into（D）with20 【C20 】（A）violent（B） pas
10、sionate（C） exempt（D）idealisticGrammar21 The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, _and perfected now.（A）developed（B） have developed（C） are being developed（D）will have been developed22 Only in the way_solve the problems.（A）we can（B） can we（C） would we（D）we would23 You will pass th
11、e examination if you_harder.（A）will study（B） study（C） studied（D）would study24 _born in Chicago, the author is most famous for stories about New York City.（A）Although（B） Since（C） As（D）When25 Only by shouting at the top of her voice, _.（A）she was able to make herself hear（B） was she able to make herse
12、lf hear（C） she was able to make herself heard（D）was she able to make herself heard26 That they were wrong in the matters_now clear to us.（A）was（B） is（C） are（D）were27 America will never again have as a nation the spirit of adventure as it_before the West was settled.（A）could（B） was（C） would（D）did28 C
13、ontrast may make something appear more beautiful than it is when_alone.（A）seen（B） is seen（C） to be seen（D）having been seen29 What I say or what I think_no business of yours.（A）is（B） are（C） has（D）have30 Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she_much better results now.（A）would be getting（B） c
14、ould have got（C） must get（D）would getPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)30 Take Steps to Protects ChildrenPreventing childhood injuries would seem a tough task. But theres a long list of proven ways to make the w
15、orld safer for children. The World Health Organization wants its 193 member nationsand especially those in the developing world, where most deaths from injury occurto know that accidents dont have to happen.Many prevention strategies used by rich societies are only now being adopted in the developin
16、g world. They include strict drunken-driving laws; requirements that wells be covered and swimming pools fenced off; installing window guards in upper-story apartments; having standards for child-resistant lighters; requiring child-resistant packaging of drugs, stove fuel and poisons; and establishi
17、ng poison-control centers and burn units.Traffic injuries are perhaps the most dramatic example of how much could be gained if strategies that have been shown to prevent injury were put in place more broadly. Traffic injuries are the leading cause of death worldwide for 15-to- 19-year-olds and the s
18、econd-leading cause for children 5 to 14. But the use of seat belts, child seats and helmets, and the institution of “graduated licensing“ of new drivers are essentially unknown in many countries.For society, the payoff of prevention efforts is huge. For every $ 1 invested in bike helmets and child
19、seats, for example, $29 is saved in health care, disability and lost income costs. But for individuals, prevention is often economically burdensome. According to the WHO report, a factory laborer in a low-income country must work 11 times as long as his counterpart in a high-income country to buy a
20、bicycle helmet. For a child soar, its 16 times as long.At the same time, some countries have risks not widely shared by others. Death rates from bums are 11 times as high in developing countries as in industrialized ones. European and American boys and girls have virtually equal rates of death from
21、fire. In South Asia and Southeast Asia, however, girls mortality is three times that of boys because girls assist in family cooking at an early age; and the heat source is often an open flame on the ground; and female clothes are long and flowing.Prevention in those societies may need to include cha
22、nges as simpleand as difficultas getting the stove up to waist height.31 What can we learn from Para. 1 ?（A）It is impossible to prevent children from being injured.（B） A number of methods need to be proved to protect children.（C） More children died from injuries in developing countries.（D）Nobody kno
23、ws that accidents dont have to happen.32 What is the effective prevention against injuries?（A）Leave the wells and swimming pools open as usual.（B） People who are drunk are forbidden to drive a car.（C） Send a guard near the window if living in an apartment,（D）Resist children to pack drugs, stove fuel
24、 and poisons.33 Which of the following statements is true according to Para. 3?（A）Prevention strategies have not been used as widely as they should be.（B） All the deadly injuries come from car accidents for the 15 years old.（C） Children aged from 5 to 14 are more likely to be injured by car.（D）A new
25、 driver has to buy a child seat to prevent children injuries.34 Which is the possible meaning of the word “counterpart“ (Line 9, Para. 4)?（A）Apart in a high-income country.（B） A person who does the same job.（C） A coworker of the factory laborer.（D）A kind of work which can make money.35 What is the m
26、ain idea of Para. 5?（A）Death rates from burns are higher in some developing countries.（B） European countries have the same death rates with America.（C） Many Asian girls died from the injuries from burns.（D）Reasons why so many Asian girls die from the injuries from bums.36 For Tony Blair, home is a m
27、essy sort of place, where the prime ministers job is not to uphold eternal values but to force through some unpopular changes that may make the country work a bit better. The area where this is most obvious, and where it matters most, is the public services. Mr. Blair faces a difficulty here which i
28、s partly of his own making. By focusing his last election campaign on the need to improve hospitals, schools, transport and policing, he built up expectations. Mr. Blair has said many times that reforms in the way the public services work need to go alongside increases in cash.Mr. Blair has made his
29、 task harder by committing a classic negotiating error. Instead of extracting concessions from the other side before promising his own, he has pledged himself to higher spending on public services without getting a commitment to change from the unions. Why, given that this pledge has been made, shou
30、ld the health unions give ground in return? In a speech on March 20th, Gordon Brown, the chancellor of the exchequer, said that “the something-for-nothing days are over in our public services and there can be no blank cheques.“ But the government already seems to have given health workers a blank ch
31、eque.Nor are other ministries conveying quite the same message as the treasury. On March 19th, John Hutton, a health minister, announced that cleaners and catering staff in new privately-funded hospitals working for the National Health service will still be government employees, entitled to the same
32、 pay and conditions as other health-service workers. Since one of the main ways in which the government hopes to reform the public sector is by using private providers, and since one of the main ways in which private providers are likely to be able to save money is by cutting labor costs, this move
33、seems to undermine the governments strategy.Now the government faces its hardest fight. The police need reforming more than any other public service. Half of them, for instance, retire early, at a cost of 1 billion a year to the taxpayer. The police have voted 10-1 against proposals from the home se
34、cretary, David Blunkett, to reform their working practices.This is a fight the government has to win. If the police get away with it, other public service workers will reckon they can too. And, if they all get away it, Mr. Blairs domestic policywhich is what voters are most likely to judge him on a
35、the next electionwill be a failure.36 What may be the attitude of many public-service workers towards the strategy of Blairs government?（A）Resentful.（B） Accommodative.（C） Supportive.（D）Apprehensive.37 Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?（A）It is not surprising that Mr. Blair cuts an
36、 impressive figure at home.（B） Reforms of the police are bound up with increases in cash.（C） It is vital that Mr. Blairs election campaign depend on reforms.（D）The present conditions of public services may fall short of expectations.38 When mentioning “the something-for-nothing days“(Paragraph l), t
37、he writer is talking about（A）Mr. Blairs unique commitment to public service reforms.（B） blank cheques given as a compromise to health workers.（C） Mr. Blairs pledge to spending increases on public services.（D）pay and conditions granted to health-service workers.39 The conclusion can be drawn from the
38、 text that Britains public services may be（A）at a dangerous stage.（B） for lack of investment.（C） in the interests of workers.（D）on the verge of collapse.40 The views of Gordon Brown and John Hutton on public services reforms are（A）identical.（B） opposite.（C） similar.（D）complementary.40 In the 1960s,
39、Perus sugar industry was among the most efficient in the world. It was all downhill thereafter. A military government expropriated the sugar estates on the country s north coast, turning them into government-owned co-operatives. Having peaked at 1m tonnes in 1975, output fell to 400,000 tonnes by th
40、e early 1990s. But since then the sugar industry has passed into private hands again. Over the past decade production has returned to its historic peakand is now set to boom. The change has been gradual. The government has sold its stake in the industry in tranches. But now investors are piling in.
41、As in other parts of South and Central America they are attracted by higher prices for sugar because of its use for ethanol. Industry sources predict that land under sugar will expand by 10,000 hectares (25,000 acres) a year, more than doubling output over the next decade. That would turn Peru into
42、an exporterthough not on the scale of Brazil or Colombia. Last year, local investors secured a controlling stake in Casa Grande, the largest sugar plantation. Bioterra, a Spanish company, plans a $ 90m ethanol plant nearby. Maple, a Texas company, has bought 10,600 hectares of land in the northern d
43、epartment of Piura. Its plans call for an investment of $120m and ethanol production of 120m litres a year. Brazilian and Ecuadorean investors are also active. Part of the attraction is that Peru has signed a free-trade agreement with the United States. Provided that it can satisfy the concerns of t
44、he new Democratic-controlled Congress in Washington D. C., about the enforcement of labour rights, this agreement should be approved later this year. It would render permanent existing trade preferences under which ethanol from Peru can enter the United States dutyfree. By contrast, ethanol exported
45、 from Brazil, the worlds biggest producer, must pay a tariff of 54 cents a gallon. Two harsh realities might sour these sweet dreams. Colombia, Central America and the Dominican Republic all enjoy similar preferences and have similar plans. Colombia already produces 360m litres a year of ethanol, mu
46、ch of it for export. The second question is whether sugara thirsty cropis the best use of Perus desert coastal strip, with its precarious water supply. One of the countrys achievements of the past decade has been the private sectors development of new export crops. It would be ironic if these busine
47、sses were threatened by sugars privatisation. 41 What information does not provide in the first paragraph?（A）Perus sugar industry was very successful in 1960s.（B） Some sugar estates on the countrys north coast used to be government-owned.（C） During the period of government owned, the sugar industry
48、underwent a period of development.（D）There must be revolutions in 1960s.42 Base on the second paragraph, we can learn that_.（A）the investors are not so interested in buying the stake（B） the ethanol sources attract a lot of investors（C） the land under sugar expand by 2.5 times of last year（D）Perus ex
49、port on sugar is next to that of Brazil and Colombia43 Which of the following statements is not true according to the text?（A）Many famous companies invest on sugar production.（B） The free-trade agreement with the United States is a kind of security on international trade.（C） Politics and economy are interactional.（D）The enforcement of labour rights has been achieved while the author wr
