1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 163 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Clothes play a critical part in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to who people are, who they are not, and who they woul
2、d like to be. They tell us a good【B1 】_about the wearers background, personality, status, mood, and 【B2】 _ on life.People tend to agree on what certain types of clothes 【B3】_. Newscasters, or the 【B4】_ who read the news on TV, are considered to be more 【B5】_, honest, and competent when they are 【B6】
3、_ conservatively. And college students who【B7】_themselves as taking an active role in their interpersonal relationships say they are 【 B8】_ about the costumes they must wear to play these roles successfully. 【B9】_, many of us can relate instances in【B10 】_the clothing we wore changed the way we felt
4、 about ourselves and how we acted. Perhaps you have used clothing to gain confidence when you anticipated a【B11】_situation, such as a job interview, or a court appearance.In the workplace, men have long had well-defined precedents and role models for achieving success. It has been【B12】_for women. A
5、good many women in the business world are uncertain about the appropriate mixture of “masculine“ and “feminine“【B13】_they should convey by their professional clothing. The【B14】_of clothing alternatives to women has also been greater than that【B15】_for men. Male administrators tend to judge women mor
6、e favorably for managerial【B16 】_when the women display【B17】_“feminine grooming“shorter hair, moderate use of make-up, and plain 【B18】_ clothing. As one male administrator confessed, “An【B19 】_woman is definitely going to get a longer interview,【B20】_she won t get a job.“1 【B1 】（A）amount（B） deal（C）
7、number（D）quantity2 【B2 】（A）attitude（B） viewpoint（C） outlook（D）remark3 【B3 】（A）infer（B） reveal（C） verify（D）mean4 【B4 】（A）hosts（B） announcers（C） presenters（D）reporters5 【B5 】（A）promising（B） amusing（C） convincing（D）inspiring6 【B6 】（A）dressed（B） worn（C） decorated（D）costumed7 【B7 】（A）assume（B） discern（C）
8、 view（D）confirm8 【B8 】（A）worried（B） concerned（C） troubled（D）shocked9 【B9 】（A）Therefore（B） However（C） Then（D）Moreover10 【B10 】（A）which（B） that（C） it（D）this11 【B11 】（A）horrible（B） hopeful（C） special（D）stressful12 【B12 】（A）contradictory（B） otherwise（C） indifferent（D）possible13 【B13 】（A）symbols（B） crite
9、ria（C） attributes（D）figures14 【B14 】（A）priority（B） reliability（C） demand（D）variety15 【B15 】（A）desirable（B） available（C） comparable（D）liable16 【B16 】（A）professions（B） works（C） positions（D）vacancies17 【B17 】（A）more（B） no（C） less（D）much18 【B18 】（A）tailored（B） furnished（C） knit（D）purchased19 【B19 】（A）at
10、tractive（B） optimistic（C） aggressive（D）enthusiastic20 【B20 】（A）so（B） and（C） or（D）butPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 In his “Odyssey“, Homer immortalized the idea of resisting temptation by having the protag
11、onist tied to the mast of his ship, to hear yet not succumb to the beautiful, dangerous songs of the Sirens. Researchers have long been intrigued as to whether this ability to avoid, or defer, gratification is related to outcomes in life. The best-known test is the “marshmallow“ experiment, in which
12、 children who could refrain from eating the confection for 15 minutes were given a second one. Children who could not wait tended to have lower incomes and poorer health as adults. New research suggests that kids who are unable to delay rewards are also more likely to become criminals later.Recently
13、, four researchers used data from a Swedish survey in which more than 13,000 children aged 13 were asked whether they would prefer to receive $140 now or $1,400 in five years time. About four-fifths of them said they were prepared to wait.Unlike previous researchers, the authors were able to track a
14、ll the children and account for their parental background and cognitive ability. They found that the 13-year-olds who wanted the smaller sum of money at once were 32% more likely to be convicted of a crime during the next 18 years than those children who said they would rather wait for the bigger re
15、ward. Individuals who are impatient, they believe, prefer instant benefits and are therefore less likely to be deterred by potential punishments.But those who fret that a person s criminal path is set already as a teenager should not despair.The four researchers offer a remedy. When the respondents
16、education was included in the analysis, they found that higher educational attainment was linked to a preference for delayed gratification.Educational attainment and patience are related either because patience helps students to do better or because schooling makes people more likely to postpone rew
17、ards. Fortunately, there is evidence in support of the latter theory. Francisco Perez-Arce of the RAND Corporation, a think-tank, interviewed around 2,000 applicants for Mexican universities. The students had similar credentials but some obtained admission through a lottery to a university that did
18、not charge tuition fees, whereas the rest had to apply elsewhere. As a result, a higher proportion of lottery-winners than losers went to college. After a year, Mr. Perez-Arce found, the lottery-winners were more patient than the losers. Since the process was random, he concluded that higher educati
19、on can make people place more weight on the future.21 The “marshmallow“ experiment is a test about_.（A）accepting temptation（B） avoiding outcomes（C） deferring gratification（D）eating the confection22 All of the following make the new research differ from the previous ones EXCEPT_.（A）the researchers tr
20、acked all the subjects（B） the researchers surveyed a much wider range of children（C） the researchers explained the children s parental background（D）the researchers considered the parents cognitive ability23 It is believed that individuals who are impatient_.（A）tend to get benefits at once（B） are abl
21、e to delay rewards（C） would rather wait for the bigger reward（D）are probably deterred by potential punishments24 People who fret that a persons criminal path is set already can take the remedial action of_.（A）keeping healthy（B） attaining higher incomes（C） receiving higher education（D）avoiding punish
22、ments25 It is concluded that educational attainment and patience are related because_.（A）patience helps students to do better（B） gratification is delayed by receiving higher education（C） schooling makes people less likely to postpone rewards（D）higher education can make people value the future more25
23、 Just as each wedding creates potential business for divorce lawyers, so each engagement gives insurers a chance to drum up business. Future spouses, says Alan Tuvin of Travelers, an insurer, may wish to protect themselves against something going wrong on the wedding day. It is unlikely that your in
24、tended wife will leave on horseback, as Julia Roberts did in “Runaway Bride“, and most insurers wouldnt cover that anyway. But you never know what might happen. Mr. Tuvin launched the firm s wedding-insurance business; he and his wife were its first clients.A typical American wedding costs 25,000 or
25、 so. This has fallen a bit over the past quarter-century but still seems lavish given how tight American belts are these days. Weddings are pricey because the rich are more likely to marry than the poor, and the average age of newlyweds has gone up, so couples are more prosperous when they eventuall
26、y tie the knot. High prices, and the fact that many venues require couples to take out liability insurance, feed demand for wedding insurance. A fifth of couples buy it, says the Wedding Report, a trade publication.Wedding insurance began in Britain: Cornhill, an insurer, wrote its first policy in 1
27、988. But there were few takers. The idea only took off once transplanted to America. In the early days, says Mr. Nuccio of Robert Nuccio of Wedsure, an surer, there were incidents of couples faking engagements to collect a payout. Since then, most policies have a clause that excludes “change of hear
28、t“. Wedsure does insure against cold feet, but its policy will pay out only if the wedding is cancelled more than 12 months before it is due to take place, thereby guarding against fiances phoning the broker once the relationship is already on the rocks.This does not mean policies are useless. Commo
29、n causes of payouts include the venue or caterers going bust after having taken a big deposit. Extreme weather, a spouse being deployed by the armed forces and an absent priest can all trigger payouts. Most policies will pay to re-stage the photos if the photographer fails to turn up or disappears w
30、ith the pictures.For some, even a small risk of something going wrong on a day that has been planned for months is worth paying to avoid. Who says romance is dead?26 The example of Julia Roberts is used to show that_.（A）anything can happen on the wedding day（B） each engagement gives insurers a chanc
31、e to profit（C） suddenness like that is easy to happen during the wedding（D）most wedding insurers will cover things like that27 Which of the following cannot explain the development of wedding insurance?（A）Higher prices of weddings.（B） More liability insurance required.（C） The newlyweds getting older
32、.（D）More demand for wedding insurance.28 Wedsure s policy against cold feet will pay out on condition that_.（A）the fiances are due to break up（B） the fiances relationship is already on the rocks（C） the wedding is cancelled when it is due to take place（D）the wedding is cancelled more than one year in
33、 advance29 Common causes of payouts exclude that_.（A）caterers go bankrupt（B） a spouse changes the heart（C） the priest is not present（D）the photographer vanishes30 The authors attitude towards wedding insurance is_.（A）critical（B） neutral（C） approved（D）indifferent30 Women are moody. By evolutionary de
34、sign, we are hard-wired to be sensitive to our environments, empathic to our childrens needs and intuitive of our partners intentions. This is basic to our survival and that of our offspring. Some research suggests that women are often better at articulating their feelings than men because as the fe
35、male brain develops, more capacity is reserved for language, memory, hearing and observing emotions in others.These are observations rooted in biology, not intended to mesh with any kind of pro- or anti-feminist ideology. But they do have social implications. Womens emotionality is a sign of health,
36、 not disease; it is a source of power. But we are under constant pressure to restrain our emotional lives. We have been taught to apologize for our tears, to suppress our anger and to fear being called hysterical.The pharmaceutical industry plays on that fear, targeting women in a barrage of adverti
37、sing on daytime talk shows and in magazines. More Americans are on psychiatric medications than ever before, and in my experience they are staying on them far longer than was ever intended. Sales of antidepressants and antianxiety meds have been booming in the past two decades, and theyve recently b
38、een outpaced by an antipsychotic, Ability, that is the No. 1 seller among all drugs in the United States, not just psychiatric ones.At least one in four women in America now takes a psychiatric medication, compared with one in seven men. Women are nearly twice as likely to receive a diagnosis of dep
39、ression or anxiety disorder than men are. For many women, these drugs greatly improve their lives. But for others they arent necessary. The increase in prescriptions for psychiatric medications, often by doctors in other specialties, is creating a new normal, encouraging more women to seek chemical
40、assistance. Whether a woman needs these drugs should be a medical decision, not a response to peer pressure and consumerism.Obviously, there are situations where psychiatric medications are called for. The problem is too many genuinely ill people remain untreated, mostly because of socioeconomic fac
41、tors. People who dont really need these drugs are trying to medicate a normal reaction to an unnatural set of stressors: lives without nearly enough sleep, sunshine, nutrients, movement and eye contact, which is crucial to us as social primates.31 Women are often better at expressing their feelings
42、than men in that women_.（A）are born to be sensitive to environments（B） have more brain s capacity for expressing functions（C） have the basic skills to survive（D）are more sensitive to language32 The phrase “mesh with“(Para. 2)probably means_.（A）account for（B） agree with（C） cater for（D）deal with33 Whi
43、ch of the following is NOT true according to Paragraph 3?（A）The pharmaceutical industry takes advantage of womens fear.（B） Nowadays, more Americans are drinking psychiatric medications.（C） Sales of antidepressants meds have showed the declining trend in the past two decades.（D）Ability is the best-se
44、lling drug in the United States.34 According to the passage, what makes more women seek chemical assistance?（A）Doctors in other fields prescribe more and more psychiatric medications.（B） More and more Americans are taking psychiatric medications.（C） This drugs greatly improve women s lives.（D）Women
45、are affected by peer pressure and consumerism.35 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that_.（A）psychiatric medications are not important（B） many really ill people are not anxious to buy psychiatric medications（C） many people need psychiatric medications for excitement（D）human beings need some
46、outdoor and social activities35 Tens of thousands of years ago modern humans crossed paths with the group of hominins known as the Neandertals. Researchers now think they also met another, less-known group called the Denisovans. The only trace that we have found, however, is a single finger bone and
47、 two teeth, but those fragments have been enough to cradle packets of Denisovan DNA across thousands of years inside a Siberian cave. Now a team of scientists has been able to reconstruct their entire genome from these deficient fragments. The analysis adds new twists to prevailing notions about anc
48、ient human history.“Denisova is a big surprise,“ says John Hawks, a biological anthropologist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison who was not involved in the new research. On its own, a simple finger bone in a cave would have been assumed to belong to a human, Neandertal or other hominin. But whe
49、n researchers first sequenced a small section of DNA in 2010a section that covered about 1.9 percent of the genomethey were able to tell that the specimen was neither. “It was the first time a new group of distinct humans was discovered“ via genetic analysis rather than by anatomical description, said Svante paabo. a researcher at the Max Planck Institute(M. P 1.)for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germ
