1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 174 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 There is growing interest in East Japan Railway Co. ltd. , one of the six companies, created out of the privatized national railwa
2、y system. In an industry lacking exciting growth【B1】_its plan to use real-estate assets in and around train stations【B2 】_is drawing interest.In a plan called “Station Renaissance“ that it【B3】_in November, JR East said that it would【B4】_using its commercial spaces for shops and restaurants, extendin
3、g them to【B5】_more suitable for the information age. It wants train stations as pick-up【B6】_for such goods as books, flowers and groceries【B7】_over the Internet. In a country where city【B8】_depend heavily on trains【B9】_commuting, about 16 million people a day go to its train stations anyway, the com
4、pany【B10】_So, picking up commodities at train stations.【B11】_consumers extra travel and missed home deliveries. JR East already has been using its station【B12】_stores for this purpose, but it plans to create【 B13】_spaces for the delivery of Internet goods.The company also plans to introduce【B14】_car
5、ds-known in Japan as IC cards because they use integrated circuit for【B15】_information【B16】_train tickets and commuter passes【B17】_the magnetic ones used today, integrating them into a/an【B18】_pass. This will save the company money, because【B19】_for IC cards are much less expensive than magnetic sys
6、tems. Increased use of IC cards should also【B20 】_the space needed for ticket vending.1 【B1 】（A）perspectives（B） outlooks（C） prospects（D）spectacles2 【B2 】（A）creatively（B） originally（C） authentically（D）initially3 【B3 】（A）displayed（B） demonstrated（C） embarked（D）unveiled4 【B4 】（A）go beyond（B） set out（C）
7、 come around（D）spread over5 【B5 】（A）applications（B） enterprises（C） functions（D）performances6 【B6 】（A）districts（B） vicinities（C） resorts（D）locations7 【B7 】（A）acquired（B） purchased（C） presided（D）attained8 【B8 】（A）lodgers（B） tenants（C） dwellers（D）boarders9 【B9 】（A）for（B） in（C） of（D）as10 【B10 】（A）figure
8、s（B） exhibits（C） convinces（D）speculates11 【B11 】（A）deprives（B） retrieves（C） spares（D）exempts12 【B12 】（A）conjunction（B） convenience（C） department（D）ornament13 【B13 】（A）delegated（B） designated（C） devoted（D）dedicated14 【B14 】（A）clever（B） smart（C） ingenious（D）intelligent15 【B15 】（A）checking（B） gathering
9、（C） holding（D）accommodating16 【B16 】（A）as（B） for（C） with（D）of17 【B17 】（A）but for（B） as well as（C） instead of（D）more than18 【B18 】（A）unique（B） single（C） unitary（D）only19 【B19 】（A）devices（B） instruments（C） readers（D）examiners20 【B20 】（A）reduce（B） narrow（C） dwarf（D）shrinkPart ADirections: Read the foll
10、owing four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 The term “disruptive technology“ is popular, but is widely misused. It refers not simply to a clever new technology, but to one that undermines an existing technologyand which therefore makes life very dif
11、ficult for the many businesses which depend on the existing way of doing things. Thirty years ago, the personal computer was a classic example. It swept aside an older mainframe-based style of computing, and eventually brought IBM, one of the worlds mightiest firms at the time, to its knees. This we
12、ek has been a coming-out party of sorts for another disruptive technology, “voice over internet protocol“(VOIP), which promises to be even more disruptive, and of even greater benefit to consumers, than personal computers.VOIPs leading proponent is Skype, a small firm whose software allows people to
13、 make free calls to other Skype users over the internet, and very cheap calls to traditional telephonesall of which spells trouble for incumbent telecoms operators. On September 12th, eBay, the leading online auction-house, announced that it was buying Skype for $ 2. 6 billion, plus an additional $
14、1. 5 billion if Skype hits certain performance targets in coming years.It seems that this is a vast sum to pay for a company that has only $ 60m in revenues and has yet to turn a profit. Yet eBay was not the only company interested in buying Skype. Microsoft, Yahoo!, News Corporation and Google were
15、 all said to have also considered the idea. Perhaps eBay, rather like some over-excited bidder in one of its own auctions, has paid too much. The company says it plans to use Skypes technology to make it easier for buyers and sellers to communicate, and to offer new “click to call“ advertisements, b
16、ut many analysts are sceptical that eBay is the best owner of Skype. Whatever the merits of the deal, however, the fuss over Skype in recent weeks has highlighted the significance of VOIP, and the enormous threat it poses to incumbent telecoms operators.For the rise of Skype and other VOIP services
17、means nothing less than the death of the traditional telephone business, established over a century ago. Skype is merely the most visible manifestation of a dramatic shift in the telecoms industry, as voice calling becomes just another data service delivered via high-speed internet connections. Skyp
18、e, which has over 54m users, has received the most attention, hut other firms routing calls partially or entirely over the internet have also signed up millions of customers.21 At the beginning of the text, the author（A）indicates a clever new technology.（B） undermines an existing technology.（C） corr
19、ects a misconception.（D）states the popularity of the term.22 The phrase “broughtto its knees“ in the first paragraph most probably means（A）forcedto submit to it.（B） imposedon it.（C） convincedthat it.（D）associatedwith it.23 We can learn from the text that（A）even greater benefit to many business is pr
20、omised.（B） quite a few corporations showed interests in the acquisition of Skype.（C） eBay has paid a vast sum of money for a small firm.（D）your phone will ring wherever you are in the world.24 The text suggests that many analysts attitude toward the possession of Skype by eBay is（A）supportive.（B） pe
21、rsuasive.（C） approval.（D）negative.25 According to the last paragraph, with which of the following statements would the author of the text most probably agree?（A）Almost-free internet phone calls herald the slow death of traditional telephony.（B） Another data service was delivered entirely over the in
22、ternet.（C） The traditional telephone business have yet to turn a profit.（D）The dramatic shift in the telecoms industry has received little attention.25 Microsoft employees do not recognize themselves in the governments suits in the Microsoft cafeteria in Redmond, Washington. The governments antitrus
23、t suit against the company is frequently discussed among people who(like me)have no inside knowledge of what is actually going on in the negotiations. Slate, the online magazine I edit, is owned by Microsoft, so discount anything I say accordingly as you please. But having lived and worked among the
24、m for four years, I have found the attitude of folks inside the company pretty interesting, and maybe you will too. Not people like Bill Gates, or those who write the legal briefs and press releases, but the ordinary software developer in the cafeteria. Call him the Mall in the plaid Flannel Shirt.H
25、e or she is, above all, aggrieved. The grievance was well expressed by a midlevel manager when AI Gore “was on campus“ a few months ago. At a Q & A session, he told the Vice President, in essence: I have been a Democrat all my life, because I believe in the values the Democratic Party represents. Bu
26、t also work very hard, and I believe that the work I do is helping make life better for people. Yet now my government is telling me that the work I do is actually harmful. So should I believe my government is wrong, or should I believe Im devoting my life to hurting people?Fortunately for Gore, he w
27、as able to duck the question on the ground that he couldnt comment on an active lawsuit. If Gore had wanted to be mean, he might have asked how many stock options that interrogator had and whether that number has any impact on his decision to come to work every day. The human capacity for grievance
28、is deep and universal. Even among these most rational members of the species, grievance seems immune to the reality that “unfair to Microsoft“ is the worlds least sympathetic evidence, even if its true.However, it surely counts for something that the typical softy truly doesnt recognize himself or h
29、is work in the description of Microsoft, promulgated by the companys critics. He probably hasnt read the legal documents in the case, and is unqualified to judge the legal issues anyway. Even hardened criminals may concoct some innocent rationale for their crimes and believe it themselves. So the fa
30、ct that my colleagues feel innocent doesnt mean they are innocent. But it surely complicates the issue. These people honestly believe they are promoting innovation, and they genuinely sense rivals at every turn. If the company is a complacent monopoly ruthlessly suppressing innovation, it has someho
31、w become that way even though the people who constitute it are not.It was the day after Judge Thomas Penfield Jackson s findings of fact last November if one moment crystallized the bitterness here. Which, despite its label, was widely interpreted as meaning that Microsoft was “gonna get nailed($f J
32、ji). “ Newspapers across the country carried pictures of the Department of Justice litigators(上诉人)laughing about the judges ruling. For the competitive Microsoft types, this was rubbing salt in the wounds. And it confirmed their suspicion that the government was unfairly “out to get“ them. Its one t
33、hing for all official agencies to conclude solemnly that you have violated a vague and complex law.26 Which of the following statements best summarizes the text?（A）The Microsoft Case.（B） Microsoft Inside.（C） The View from the Cafeteria.（D）Microsoft Breaking Up.27 It can be inferred from the passage
34、that employees at Microsoft（A）discuss their case with outsiders quite often.（B） do not discuss their case because they know too well.（C） feel angry about their opponents business strategies.（D）believe in their value in working for the people.28 The critics mainly charge the Microsoft for（A）its setti
35、ng high prices for their products.（B） its monopoly over operating systems.（C） its resistance to getting other peoples programs.（D）its prevention of competition from other companies.29 In the last but one paragraph, the example of “hardened criminals“ is mentioned to show that（A）the coming of a new c
36、ase against Microsoft makes the public excited.（B） people can invent reasons for their crimes or wrongful acts.（C） people always have a chance to commit crimes.（D）the hardened criminals are not irrational in their behaviors.30 What is the authors attitude toward the Microsoft case?（A）He thinks Micro
37、soft is innocent.（B） He believes the government is unfair to Microsoft.（C） He believes Microsoft has broken the law definitely.（D）He believes Microsoft is not innocent though there are still many uncertainties.30 In 1929 John D. Rockefeller decided it was time to sell shares when even a shoeshine bo
38、y offered him a share tip. During the past week The Economist s economics editor has been advised by a taxi driver, a plumber and a hairdresser that “you cant go wrong“ investing in housingthe more you own the better. Is this a sign that it is time to get out? At the very least, as house prices arou
39、nd the world climb to ever loftier heights, and more and more people jump on to the buy-to-let ladder, it is time to expose some of the fallacies regularly trotted out by so many self-appointed housing experts.One common error is that house prices must continue to rise because of a limited supply of
40、 land. For example , it is argued that “house prices will always rise in London because lots of people want to live here“. But this confuses the level of prices with their rate of change. Home prices are bound to be higher in big cities because of land scarcity, but this does not guarantee that urba
41、n house prices will keep rising indefinitelyjust look at Tokyos huge price-drops since 1995. And, though it is true that a fixed supply of homes may push up house prices if the population is rising, this would imply a steady rise in prices, not the 20% annual jumps of recent years.A second flawed ar
42、gument is that low interest rates make buying a home cheaper, and so push up demand and prices. Lower interest rates may have allowed some people, who otherwise could not have afforded a mortgage, to buy a home. However, many borrowers who think mortgages are cheaper are suffering from money illusio
43、n.Interest rates are not very low in real, inflation-adjusted terms. Initial interest payments may seem low in relation to income, but because inflation is also low it will not erode the real burden of debt as swiftly as it once did. So in later years mortgage payments will be much larger in real te
44、rms. To argue that low nominal interest rates make buying a home cheaper is like arguing that a car loan paid off over four years is cheaper than one repaid over two years.Fallacy number three is a favourite claim of Alan Greenspan, chairman of A-mericas Federal Reserve. This is that price bubbles a
45、re less likely in housing than in the stock-market because higher transaction costs discourage speculation. In fact, several studies have shown that both in theory and in practice bubbles are more likely in housing than in shares. A study by the IMF finds that a sharp rise in house prices is far mor
46、e likely to be followed by a bust than a share-price boom.31 The term “fallacies“(Line 6, Paragraph 1)most probably denotes（A）obsolete methodologies.（B） ridiculous strategies.（C） mistaken beliefs.（D）far-fetched assertions.32 What is the relationship between the opening paragraph and the rest of the
47、text?（A）The deadly sins are singled out in the first paragraph and then denied by the author of the text.（B） A generalization is made in the opening paragraph and elaborated in the following paragraphs.（C） The unusual anecdotes are quoted in the first paragraph and then articulated in the following
48、paragraphs.（D）A generalization is advanced in the opening paragraph and refuted in the following paragraphs.33 The author of the text makes a comparison in（A）paragraph 2.（B） opening paragraph.（C） paragraph 4.（D）concluding paragraph.34 The views of Alan Greenspan and the author of the text on price b
49、ubbles are（A）complementary.（B） identical.（C） opposite.（D）similar.35 According to the text, the author would agree that（A）it is time to illustrate some popular fallacies about buying a home.（B） some popular flawed arguments about buying a home should be made known to the public for the time being.（C） people should be punctual in business dealings of shares and housing.（D）Alan Greenspans claim can hold water with respect to fallacy member three.35 Beyon
