1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 178 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Anonymity is not something which was invented with the Internet. Anonymity and pseudonymity has occurred throughout history. For e
2、xample, William Shakespeare is probably a pseudonym, and the real name of this 【C1】_ author is not known and will probably never be known.Anonymity has been used for many purposes. A well-known person may use a pseudonym to write messages, where the person does not want people s【C2】_of the real auth
3、or【C3 】_their perception of the message. Also other people may want to【C4】_certain information about themselves in order to achieve a more 【C5】 _ evaluation of their messages. A case in point is that in history it has been【C6】_that women used male pseudonyms, and for Jews to use pseudonyms in societ
4、ies where their 【C7】_ was persecuted. Anonymity is often used to protect the 【C8 】_ of people, for example when reporting results of a scientific study, when describing individual cases.Many countries even have laws which protect anonymity in certain circumstances. For instance, a person may, in man
5、y countries, consult a priest, doctor or lawyer and【C9】_personal information which is protected. In some【C10】_, for example confession in catholic churches, the confession booth is specially【C11】_to allow people to consult a priest,【C12】_seeing him face to face.The anonymity in【C13】_situations is ho
6、wever not always 100%. If a person tells a lawyer that he plans a【C14】_crime, some countries allow or even【C15】_that the lawyer tell the【C16】_. The decision to do so is not easy, since people who tell a priest or a psychologist that they plan a crime, may often do this to【C17 】 _their feeling more t
7、han their real intention.Many countries have laws protecting the anonymity of tip-offs to newspapers. It is regarded as【 C18】_that people can give tips to newspapers about abuse, even though they are dependent【 C19】_the organization they are criticizing and do not dare reveal their real name. Advert
8、isement in personal sections in newspapers are also always signed by a pseudonym for【C20】_reasons.1 【C1 】（A）strange（B） ordinary（C） ridiculous（D）famous2 【C2 】（A）preconception（B） worship（C） admiration（D）discrimination3 【C3 】（A）color（B） destroy（C） distinguish（D）prefer4 【C4 】（A）show（B） conceal（C） cancel
9、（D）distain5 【C5 】（A）funny（B） unbiased（C） fresh（D）straight6 【C6 】（A）surprising（B） common（C） acknowledged（D）unbelievable7 【C7 】（A）religion（B） belief（C） idea（D）synagogue8 【C8 】（A）possession（B） honor（C） privacy（D）reputation9 【C9 】（A）require（B） disperse（C） reveal（D）get10 【C10 】（A）countries（B） files（C） re
10、gions（D）cases11 【C11 】（A）cleaned（B） put（C） designed（D）automated12 【C12 】（A）before（B） after（C） with（D）without13 【C13 】（A）confessional（B） church（C） other（D）private14 【C14 】（A）casual（B） serious（C） medium（D）temporary15 【C15 】（A）beg（B） plead（C） appeal（D）require16 【C16 】（A）police（B） confessor（C） boss（D）pr
11、iest17 【C17 】（A）keep（B） leak（C） intensify（D）express18 【C18 】（A）insulting（B） important（C） forgivable（D）proud19 【C19 】（A）of（B） among（C） on（D）within20 【C20 】（A）unknown（B） striking（C） obvious（D）intimatePart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B
12、, C or D. (40 points)20 If soldiering was for the money, the Special Air Service ( SAS) and the Special Boat Service (SBS) would have disintegrated in recent years. Such has been the explosion in private military companies (PMCs) that they employ an estimated 30,000 in Iraq aloneand no government ca
13、n match their fat salaries. A young SAS trooper earns about 2,000( $3,500) a month; on the “circuit“, as soldiers call the private world, he could get 15,000. Why would he not?For reasons both warm-hearted and cool-headed. First, for love of regiment and comrades, bonds that tend to be tightest in t
14、he most select units. Second, for the operational support, notably field medicine, and the security, including life assurance and pension, that come with the queens paltry shilling.Although there has been no haemorrhaging of special force (SF) fighters to the private sector, there has been enough of
15、 a trickle to cause official unease. A memo recently circulated in the Ministry of Defence detailed the loss of 24 SF senior non-commissioned officers to private companies in the past year. All had completed 22 years of service, and so were eligible for a full pension, and near the end of their care
16、ers. Yet there is now a shortage of hard-bitten veterans to fill training and other jobs earmarked for them, under a system for retaining them known as “continuance.“America has responded to the problem by throwing cash at it, offering incentives of up to $150,000 to sign new contracts. The Ministry
17、 of Defence has found a cheaper ploy. It has spread the story of two British PMC employees, recently killed in Iraq, whose bodies were left rotting in the sun.21 It can be inferred from the first paragraph that_.（A）the private world is called “circuit“ by soldiers（B） PMCs employ an estimated 30,000
18、soldiers in Iraq alone（C） Britains best soldiers stand resolute against mammon（D）A young SBS trooper earns about 15,00022 The word “security“ in the second paragraph most probably means_.（A）protection（B） document（C） certificate（D）safety23 Paragraph 2 is written to_.（A）advance both warm-hearted and c
19、ool-headed causes（B） reinterate the significance of queens paltry shilling（C） shed light on the love of regiment and comrades（D）interpret why young SAS troopers would not get 15,00024 The conclusion can be made from the third paragraph that_.（A）the Ministry of Defence detailed 24 SBS troopers（B） the
20、 fat salaries by the private military companies have worked to some SF troopers（C） the present system for retaining hard-bitten veterans is impeccable（D）20 years of service underlies a full pension25 In the last paragraph of the text, the author has_.（A）comment on a tip（B） anticipate a result（C） mad
21、e a contrast（D）depict a sample25 As any diplomat from Britain, Austria or Turkey can tell you, handling the legacy of a vanished, far-flung empire is a tricky business. But for Georgia, the gap between old glory and present vulnerability is especially wide.Todays Georgia is diminished by war, buffet
22、ed by geopolitics and recovering from post-Soviet chaos. But 800 years ago the country was a mighty military, cultural and ecclesiastical force. Its greatest monarch, Queen Tamara, defeated many foes (including her first husband) and built fine monuments. In her time, Georgia also had a big stake in
23、 the Christian life of the Holy Land. From Jerusalem to the Balkans, Georgias priests, artists and church-builders were active and respected. So too were its poets, like Shota Rustaveli, the national bard who dedicated an epic to his beloved queen.In between seeking western aid and coping with power
24、 cuts, modern Georgia has pledged to keep a wary eye on every place where churches, inscriptions and frescoes testify to its golden age. That includes Greece, Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania and above all, Israel. Last year, Georgians were enraged when a fresco of Rustaveli, in a Jerusalem church under th
25、e care of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate, was defaced, then badly restored. This year, a better restoration was done, but Georgians now want a promise that in all future restoration their own experts can take part. They also want to stop the seepage of Georgian frescoes and icons, supposedly under
26、the Patriarchates care, on to the art market. Several times, Georgia has had to use its meagre resources to buy back pieces of the national heritage. The hope is that things will improve with the recent election of a new Jerusalem Patriarch, after his predecessor was ousted under a cloud of scandal.
27、Georgias ties with Israel are good, thanks to a thriving Georgian-Jewish community with happy memories of its homeland. Georgia also gets along with Greece, amid a fug of sentimentality over legends about the Argonauts that link the two nations. But can these warm, fuzzy feelings translate into bett
28、er protection for an ancient culture? That will be a challenge for Gela Bezhuashvili, who succeeds Salome Zourabichvili, the French-born diplomat who was sacked, after a power struggle, as Georgian foreign minister on October 19th.26 The word “tricky“ in the first paragraph of the text denotes_.（A）d
29、eceptive（B） crafty（C） tough（D）tacit27 According to the text, Georgia used to be influential in_.（A）religion（B） agronomy（C） medicine（D）horticulture28 Romania is mentioned in the text to_.（A）illustrate a fresco of Rustaveli（B） demonstrate the western aid Georgia obtained（C） indicate Georgias golden ag
30、e（D）specify the scope of Georgias lookout29 It can be inferred from the text that the prospect of Georgias heritage protection_.（A）is to be a power struggle（B） is liable to become better（C） is to be a cloud of scandal（D）is likely to become active and respected30 The authors attitude toward the trans
31、formation mentioned in the last paragraph is_.（A）affirmative（B） critical（C） negative（D）cautious30 Fear seems to be the dominant mood of the moment. Hurricanes, tidal waves, floods, earthquakes and terrorism this year have all brought with them not only appalling scenes of devastation, death and suff
32、ering, but also outrage at the lack of preparations to avoid or cope with these disasters. Now even the birds of the air are a threat, we are told. That migrating flock visible on the horizon at sunset, once a consoling reminder of the eternal rhythms of nature, could be carrying the virus which mig
33、ht soon kill tens of millions of people.Given the many fingers pointed at governments in the wake of other disasters this year, it is hardly surprising that they are scrambling to respond to the threat posed by avian influenza. After confirmation this week that the H5N1 strain of bird flu, which has
34、 been spreading quickly in Asia, had been discovered in Romania and perhaps Greece, European Union foreign ministers convened an emergency meeting. President George Bush, still smarting from a torrent of criticism of his governments clumsy response to Hurricane Katrina, has promised to rush out emer
35、gency plans for dealing with an outbreak of pandemic flu which have been stalled for years. Countries around the world are hurrying to stockpile the only current antiviral drug, Tamiflu, which might be effective in saving lives in any pandemic or curbing its spread. The World Health Organisation is
36、calling for an internationally co-ordinated effort. Health ministers from around the globe are due to meet next week in Canada to discuss what steps to take.Is any of this effort justified? Or are politicians simply helping to feed public panic, and then covering themselves by promising to spend lav
37、ishly against a threat which may never materialize and to reduce a risk which they do not understand? To ask these questions is not to counsel complacency, but to apply the kind of test which is required in any kind of disaster planning, not least because the world is an inherently dangerous place a
38、nd it is impossible to plan against every possible disaster. With the media full of warnings of impending mass death, an overreaction is all too possible.31 It can be inferred from the first paragraph that_.（A）strong resentment resulted from the lack of preparations to cope with recent disasters（B）
39、the dominant mood of the moment resulted in the appalling scenes of devastation（C） tens of millions of people could carry the virus on the horizon（D）reminder of the eternal rhythms of nature emerged at sunset to avoid these disasters32 According to the text, American emergency plans for coping with
40、an outbreak of pandemic flu_.（A）have been stipulated（B） have been enacted（C） have been abolished（D）have been delayed33 Which of the following remarks on our available antiviral medication would the author make?（A）Effective but poisonous.（B） Harmful but populous.（C） Meager and not reliable.（D）Afforda
41、ble and palatable.34 The phrase “not least“ in the last but one sentence of the text means_.（A）at most（B） not at all（C） marginally（D）particularly35 It can be inferred from the last paragraph of the text that_.（A）strong and intense response derive from the mass media（B） the attempts to be made can no
42、 longer be justified by their intention（C） public panic would be diluted by politicians promise（D）the only remedy is to spend lavishly against a threat35 The idea is as audacious as it altruistic: provide a personal laptop computer to every schoolchildparticularly in the poorest parts of the world.
43、The first step to making that happen is whittling the price down to $100. And that is the goal of a group of American techno-gurus led by Nicholas Negroponte, the founder of the fabled MIT Media Lab. When he unveiled the idea at the World Economic Forum in January it seemed wildly ambitious. But sur
44、prisingly, it is starting to become a reality. Mr. Negroponte plans to display the first prototype in November at a UN summit. Four countriesBrazil, Egypt, Thailand and South Africahave said they will buy over lm units each. Production is due to start in late 2006.How is the group, called One Laptop
45、 Per Child (OLPC) , able to create a laptop so inexpensively? It is mainly a matter of cleverly combining existing technologies in new ways. The laptop will have a basic processor made by AMD, flash memory instead of a hard disk, will be powered by batteries or a hand-crank, and will run open-source
46、 software. The $100 laptop also puts all the components behind the screen, not under the keyboard, so there is no need for an expensive hinge. So far, OLPC has got the price down to around $130.But good news for the worlds poor, may not be such great news for the worlds computer manufacturers. The n
47、ew machine is not simply of interest in the developing world. On September 22nd, Mitt Romney, the governor of Massachusetts, said the state should purchase one for every secondary-school student, when they become available.Sales to schools are just one way in which the $100 laptop could change the c
48、omputer industry more broadly. By depressing prices and fuelling the trend for “good-enough computing“, where customers upgrade less often, it could eventually put pressure on the worlds biggest PC-makers. 36 According to the text, which of the following is beyond the publics anticipation?（A）The ide
49、a of cheap trick is starting to come true.（B） OLPC is able to create so inexpensive laptops.（C） Every secondary-school student will purchase a $100 laptop.（D）Sales to schools are just one way to display the first prototype.37 The creation of the cheap laptop mentioned in the text relies on_.（A）hi-tech innovation by experienced scientists（B） novel means
