1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 182 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 For centuries, men and women have worked tirelessly to fit the physical molds of their time. Diets, which have【B1】_ from the【B2】_
2、to the colorful and kind of silly, have【B3】_ a wide range of resultsand all sorts of followings. Not long ago, the Atkins diet made carbohydrates wicked and convinced millions to【B4 】_ starches of any kind. Today, the Paleo diet, which means to【B5 】_ the eating habits and digestive systems of ancien
3、t humans who lived for many【B6】_ years than people on average do today, is【B7】_ the most popularor at least talked about dietary fad. Soon there will be another fad that the dieting sweeps【B8】_ . And another one.The question that seems to revolve【B9 】_ all this diet talk is whether any of the【B10】_
4、weight loss schemes has worked. If one had, shouldnt it have【B11】_ the test of time? And if weve gone this long【B12】_ a diet that has been shown to work according to science, not simply the sellers of the fadwill one ever emerge【B13】_ actually does?The short answer is no, according to Traci Mann, wh
5、o has been studying eating【B14 】 _, self-control and dieting for more than 20 years. 【B15 】_ the course of her research, largely 【B16】_ at the University of Minnesotas Health and Eating Lab, Mann has【B17】_ asked these sorts of questions, and always found the same【B18】_ answers. Her findings, introdu
6、ced in her newly published book Secrets from the Eating Lab, offer a fascinating【B19】_ for why dieting over the long term is actually【B20】_.1 【B1 】（A）covered（B） ranged（C） changed（D）differed2 【B2 】（A）ingenious（B） mischievous（C） straightforward（D）controversial3 【B3 】（A）produced（B） reflected（C） obtaine
7、d（D）indicated4 【B4 】（A）emphasize（B） neglect（C） prohibit（D）avoid5 【B5 】（A）surpass（B） dismiss（C） ignore（D）admire6 【B6 】（A）fewer（B） earlier（C） more（D）later7 【B7 】（A）still（B） otherwise（C） never（D）perhaps8 【B8 】（A）lecture（B） debate（C） conversation（D）negotiation9 【B9 】（A）above（B） over（C） beyond（D）around10
8、 【B10 】（A）multiple（B） surplus（C） excessive（D）particular11 【B11 】（A）survived（B） experienced（C） undertaken（D）highlighted12 【B12 】（A）with（B） for（C） without（D）after13 【B13 】（A）as（B） than（C） what（D）that14 【B14 】（A）routines（B） habits（C） customs（D）practices15 【B15 】（A）In（B） Off（C） Among（D）Over16 【B16 】（A）i
9、nspired（B） expressed（C） conducted（D）secured17 【B17 】（A）constantly（B） repeatedly（C） habitually（D）irregularly18 【B18 】（A）disappointing（B） enlightening（C） misleading（D）promising19 【B19 】（A）explanation（B） assessment（C） determination（D）investigation20 【B20 】（A）opposite（B） average（C） substantial（D）impossi
10、blePart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Two models have spoken out about the pressures they faced to stay skinny, shining a light on the continued body image issues faced by the fashion industry. Erin Heatherton
11、, a former Victorias Secret model, has revealed that she was pressurised to lose weight by the fashion house.Model Rosie Nelson, who had a similar experience to Heatherton, adds that the issue is made more problematic by the disconnect between what the public think modelling involves and the reality
12、 of it. “ People think its really glamorous and luxurious, with loads of freebies and getting paid millions. That s not the case. Theres an underlying pressure to stay thin and the thought that you will be rejected if your hips are too big.“She said the industry sees models as “interchangable coat h
13、angers“ , writing that the key to success is the ability to stay a size 0-2 throughout your career. “Young models learn about it the hard way,“ she wrote. “If an agency catches the smallest weight gain, you are measured, told to lose weight immediately and reprimanded.“Caryn Franklin, former co-edit
14、or of ID magazine and currently professor of Diversity at Kingston University, says that there is a culture of denial around the issue meaning that the fashion industry does not see what effect it is having in the wider world. “Women are made to self-objectify because they see objectification in fas
15、hion,“ she says. “Young women who have been engaging with fashion since they were seven or eight years old have been taught to see themselves as an exterior.“Franklin adds that 30 years ago, models were shorter and bodies were more realistically proportioned. “Now the industry standard height is 5ft
16、 11 in but the measurements that designers make to their samples havent changed. The taller model therefore is under pressure to reduce her body accordingly.“The testimony of Heatherton and Nelson comes days after a bill in California, aimed at reducing eating disorders among models, cleared its fir
17、st legal hurdle. The bill, which requires the state to develop health standards for models in the state, passed the Assembly Labour and Employment Committee. “The goal of the bill is not only to protect the health of the workers themselves, but also to help young people to emulate the models,“ said
18、Democratic politician Marc Levine, who authored it.Last December, France banned excessively thin models, partly as a response to the death of Isabelle Caro, a 28-year-old model who died of an eating disorder (anorexia). In 2012, Israel passed a law banning underweight models, and Italy and Spain hav
19、e taken similar measures. Nelson is hopeful that through a new generation of designers such as Nasir Mazhir, who streetcasts his models, there will be a change.21 Two models exposes a lifestyle characterized by（A）an unknown luxury.（B） extra benefits.（C） an enviable image.（D）extreme stress.22 It can
20、inferred from Rosie Nelson s remarks that models（A）are often treated with great severity.（B） no longer live under peer pressure.（C） pursue perfect physical conditions.（D）are only too eager to lose weight.23 Caryn Franklin believes that the fashion industry（A）disregard any oncoming objections.（B） are
21、 cautious about model-selecting.（C） fail to realize its real problems.（D）are objective about ultra-thin models.24 The bill in California is mainly intended to（A）guide the followers of fashions.（B） promote the health of models.（C） set an example for other countries.（D）establish moral standards for mo
22、dels.25 From the text we learn that Nasir Mazhir（A）is particular about models.（B） poses a threat the industry.（C） would adopt new samples.（D）is obliged to abide by laws. 25 The U. S. government dropped its court fight against Apple after it successfully pulled data from the iPhone of San Bernardino
23、gunman Syed Farook, according to court records. The development on Monday effectively ended a six-week legal battle poised to shape digital privacy for years to come. Instead, Silicon Valley and Washington are poised to return to a cold war over the balance between privacy and law enforcement in the
24、 age of apps.“The government has now successfully accessed the data stored on Farooks iPhone and therefore no longer requires the assistance from Apple Inc,“ the government said. It then asked the court to vacate a 16 February court order demanding Apple create software that weakened iPhone security
25、 settings to aid government investigators.On a conference call with reporters that the Department of Justice organized, a law enforcement official declined to offer details on the technique other than to say that it came from outside the government. The Guardian has reported that the technique used
26、by the government has been classified.The official also declined to say if the government would share the technique which likely exploits a security glitch in the phone-with Apple. Doing so would presumably cause the company to patch the security flaw. This leaves the Justice Department with a diffi
27、cult choice: make all iPhones more secure from other hackers and governments who know how to get inside, or preserve an investigative technique.Apple fought the February court order with a massive public relations and legal campaign. The company, Americas most valuable, argued that creating such sof
28、tware would force the company to betray its values along with the security and privacy of all of its customers.Apples CEO Tim Cook argued that if Apple were forced to reengineer its products, it would open a Pandora s box that could give the government outsized control over how Silicon Valley makes
29、its products.The case forced public leaders from Barack Obama to Bill Gates to declare where they stood on the balance between privacy and national security. It also kicked lawmakers into high gear to craft legislation governing a new generation of devices and messaging services that rely on strong
30、encryption to protect user privacy.“It remains a priority for the government to ensure that law enforcement can obtain crucial digital information to protect national security and public safety, either with cooperation from relevant parties or through the court system when cooperation fails,“ Justic
31、e Department spokeswoman Melanie Newman said. 26 It can be inferred from Paragraph 1 that Silicon Valley and Washington are both（A）confronted with a delicate situation.（B） enthusiastic about early compromises.（C） caught in a desperate plight.（D）exposed to publics severe criticisms.27 It is indicated
32、 in Paragraph 3 that the technique（A）belongs to the patent of Apple.（B） weakens the authority of investigators.（C） remains unknown to the outsiders.（D）strengthens iPhone security settings.28 The word “glitch“ (Para. 4) is closest in meaning to（A）effective mechanism.（B） sudden malfunction.（C） busines
33、s vision.（D）faulty browsing.29 Tim Cook shows his concern that（A）national security may outweigh privacy.（B） digital technology will run out of control.（C） user privacy cannot be effectively protected.（D）the power of government will go unchecked.30 It can be inferred from Melanie Newman s remarks tha
34、t（A）security legislation should be introduced.（B） digital devices are immune to legal challenges.（C） governments decisiveness is essential to security.（D）cooperation may pave the way for balance.30 On his deathbed in 1638, John Harvard bequeathed half of his estate, about natives give it solidarity
35、and continuity; but the settlers give it passion. And whether it is a farmer arriving from Italy to set up a small grocery in a slum, or a young girl arriving from a small town in Mississippi to escape the indignity of being observed by neighbors, or a boy arriving from the Corn Belt with a manuscri
36、pt in his suitcase and a pain in his heart, it makes no difference;【F3】each embraces New York with intense excitement of first love, each absorbs New York with fresh eyes of an adventurer, each generates heat and light to dwarf the Consolidated Edison Company. The commuter is the queerest bird of al
37、l. The suburb he inhabits has no essential vitality of its own and is a mere roost where he comes at the days end to go to sleep. Except in rare cases, the man who lives in Mamaroneck or Little Neck or Teaneck, and works in New York, discovers nothing much about the city except the time of arrival a
38、nd departure of trains and buses, and the path to a quick lunch.【F4 】He has fished in Manhattan wallet and dug out coins, but has never listened to Manhattans breathing, never awakened to its morning, never dropped off to sleep in its night. The terrain of New York is such that a resident sometimes
39、travels faster, in the end, than a commuter.【F5】The journey of the composer Irving Berlin from Cherry Street in the lower East Side to an apartment uptown was through an alley and was only three or four miles in length; but it was like going three times around the world. 46 【F1】47 【F2】48 【F3】49 【F4】
40、50 【F5】Part ADirections: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information. (10 points)51 Suppose one of your close friends, Mr. Zhang, has been hospitalized for one week. Write a letter of consolation to him. Your writing should include:1) your reaction and2) your be
41、st wishes.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Part BDirections: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information. (20 points)52 Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe the drawing, 2) interpret its intended meaning
42、, and 3) give your comments. You should write 160200 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)考研英语（一）模拟试卷 182 答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 选项Acovered(覆盖；包括；负
43、担支付)既不符合语法结构，也不符合语义。选项Cchanged(变化)不恰当，change 侧重变得 different，不符合原文含义，原文并未侧重变得不同。选项Ddiffered(有区别)，意义虽有关，但不符合“_fromto”结构。2 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 本空缺与下文的 colorful 及各种有关节食的 schemes 构成反义照应关系。换言之，既有易懂易做的，也有丰富多彩的，甚至愚蠢的。选项Aingenious(灵巧的，精巧的) 、Bmischievous(有害的)、Dcontroversial( 有争议的)，从搭配关系上看恰当，但从意义上看，不如选项C符合上下文。3 【正确
44、答案】 A【试题解析】 选项Breflected 的意思为“反映”，选项Cobtained 的意思为“得到”，选项Dindicated 意为“显示，表现”。这三个选项都可以与 results 搭配，但都不能表达出“节食计划和节食成果”的因果关系。4 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 由于把碳水化合物视为祸根，故此劝导人们避免食用淀粉。选项Aemphasize(强调) 表述相反的理解。选项Bneglect(玩忽职守，忽视)和Cprohibit(禁止 )都没有D恰当。5 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 本题与第 4 题如出一辙，admire 与 avoid 可构成反义照应。在过去，某些节食法劝导人们避免
45、某些食物，而当今，却又提倡效仿古人的饮食法。选项Asurpass(超过，超越)脱离上下文含义。而选项Bdismiss(不再考虑；驳回)和选项Cignore( 忽略，忽视)正好表达了相反的意思。6 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 作者介绍了各种各样的节食法，同时也对这些节食法进行了评述：某些节食风尚倡导效仿古人，但是古人的寿命尚不如现代人长，这不是倒行逆施吗?选项Cmore 正好相反。选项Bearlier 和Dlater 侧重于时间先后，而原文侧重寿命的长短。7 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 本题需要考虑作者的语气。本段表面上介绍各种节食风尚，实则对这些风尚做出评论。空缺之前的 on averag
46、e(平均地；一般而言)，流露出作者说话留有余地。空缺下文的 at least(至少)弱化了语气，那么空缺填入 perhaps(也许)修饰后面的最高级，就可以表达出作者说话留有余地的做法。选项Astill(还是，依旧，依然)含有吃惊的语气。选项Botherwise(副词，在别的方面，除此以外)用于引出例外情况。选项Cnever(永不) 显然不符合空缺内容。8 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 空缺处需与上文的 talked about 和下文的 diet talk 照应。选项Alecture(演讲；训斥)，Dnegotiation(谈判)显然脱离文章。选项Bdebate(辩论，争论)不如 C恰当。9
47、 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 revolve around 的意思为“(辩论或讨论)围绕”。选项Aabove(在正上方) ，Bover(跨越，超过)，Cbeyond(在那边；除了)一般不与revolve 搭配。10 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 multiple 修饰后面的 schemes，与上一段介绍的种种节食法照应。选项Bsurplus(多余的，过剩的) ，英文意思为 extra or more than is needed，含有消极色彩。选项Cexcessive(过分的，过多的)，英文意思为 too great、too much、too extreme。选项Dparticular(特定
48、的，特指的)，英文意思为 used to single out an individual member of a specified group or class。11 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 此处意为“节食计划经过实践的检验”。选项Bexperienced(经历)不如A表述准确，原文开头就点明了 For centuries，空缺处需要一个与时间相关的表述。选项Cundertaken(着手做；承担)和Dhighlighted(强调)明显脱离了原文含义。12 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 空缺介词短语，作状语。句子含义为：如果这么久我们还没有起作用的饮食法，实际起作用的饮食法真会出现吗?
49、这个介词短语表达出作者对这些饮食法的否定态度。选项Awith 正好相反。选项Bfor 和Dafter 都可以理解为追求，“追求某种饮食”的表达是通顺的，但整个句子的含义不是这个意思。13 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 that 在此处是关系代词，引导定语从句，修饰先行词 one，即“实际起作用的饮食法”。选项Aas 和Bthan 也可以引导定语从句，但原句没有比较含义。选项Cwhat 常引导主语从句或宾语从句。14 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 此处意为“饮食习惯”，与下文的 self-control 和 dieting 并列。其实在第 2 段作者就已经提到了 eating habits。选项Aroutines(日程)，英文解释为regular ways of doing things。选项Ccustoms( 习俗 )
